| 释义 |
maceration|mæsəˈreɪʃən|
[ad. L. mācerātiōn-em, n. of action f. mācerāre to macerate.]
1. The action or process of softening by steeping in a liquid; also, the state of being subjected to this process; an instance of this.
1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 272 Maceration is preparation of things not unlike to Humectation. a1652J. Smith Sel. Disc. iv. 75 The very grass..may,..after many refinings, macerations, and maturations..spring up into so many rational souls. 1691Ray Creation i. (1692) 121 For the maceration and dissolution of the Meat into a Chyle. 1794Sullivan View Nat. II. 157 Decomposed by long maceration in water. 1861Bumstead Ven. Dis. (1879) 591 The constant maceration of the mucous membrane of the mouth. 1880Huxley Crayfish iii. 100 When the exoskeleton is cleaned by maceration.
attrib.1898Rev. Brit. Pharm. 34 The maceration tinctures are not to be made up to a prescribed volume with the menstruum.
b. In smelting iron ore (see quot.).
1868Rep. to Govt. U.S. Munitions War 120 It [the ore] is then allowed to remain exposed to the air for a time long enough to permit the small traces of sulphur to be dissipated, [etc.]... This process is termed maceration.
c. quasi-concr. A product of maceration.
1836J. M. Gully Magendie's Formul. (ed. 2) 153 He collects the different spirituous macerations in an alembic.
2. The process of wasting or wearing away (the body, flesh, etc.); mortification; an instance of this; also the condition of being macerated.
1491Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) i. xl. 57 b/2 She gaaf..her body..to were the hayre, and other maceracyons of the flesshe. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. ix. §3. 37 Fastings, abstinences, and other macerations and humiliations of the bodie. 1628Bp. Hall Serm. 30 Mar., Wks. 1808 V. 361, I speak of a true and serious maceration of our bodies by an absolute and total refraining from sustenance. 1827Hare Guesses Ser. i. (1873) 178 The voluptuousness and the macerations of Oriental religions. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Race Wks. (Bohn) II. 31 In describing the poverty and maceration of Father Lacey. 1881Stevenson Virg. Puerisque 167 It should be a place for nobody but hermits dwelling in prayer and maceration.
†3. In immaterial sense: Fretting, vexation, worry; an instance of this. Obs.
1616Rich Cabinet 142 b, Sorrow is the cause of..many melancholike maladies and macerations. 1645Bp. Hall Remedy Discontents 163 What maceration is there here with feares, and jealousies. 1669Clarendon Ess. Tracts (1727) 174 This maceration,..is a sawcy contradiction of God's wisdom in the creation.
Add:[1.] d. In full, carbonic maceration. In wine-making, a technique used to produce a fruitier, less tannic, and more palatable wine by inducing fermentation within uncrushed grapes in a carbon dioxide environment before crushing and pressing them, completing fermentation, and processing the wine in the usual way.
[1971J. Jeffs Wines of Europe ii. 45 The method..maceration carbonique was invented. A slow fermentation begins and after three or four days..the grapes are pressed and the must is fermented out of contact both of the stalks and skins.] 1977H. Johnson World Atlas Wine (ed. 2) 125/3 A number of producers are using Beaujolais-style vinification (carbonic maceration) to make their wine full and fruity. 1988K. Lynch Adventures on Wine Route (1990) v. 152 In a word carbonic maceration wines are not considered macho. 1992Food Entertaining Summer 126 (Advt.), The Rose is certainly not delicate, a full bodied Pinot Noir made by the maceration method.
e. Obstetr. The degenerative changes that take place in a foetus that has died in the uterus.
1873A. S. Taylor Princ. & Pract. Med. Jurisprudence (ed. 2) II. lxxiv. 325 M. Sentex states..that the dead foetus retained in utero, with the membranes unruptured, undergoes one of three changes—maceration, putrefaction, or mummification. The first is the most common condition. 1981H. Jolly Bk. Child Care (new ed.) lii. 593 A baby who has died some hours or days before delivery develops ‘maceration’ of the skin. 1992Textbk. Neonatology vii. xxxviii. 1160/1 Maceration is accelerated by oedema and amniotic fluid infection. |