| 释义 |
Kuan, Kwan|kwɑːn|
[f. Chinese guān, kuān official.]
Used to denote imperial patronage or official usage in China, as:
1. Kuan Hua |hwɑː| [language, speech] = mandarin1 2.
1814J. Marshman Clavis Sinica ii. 559 The most correct and extensive colloquial dialect is termed..Kwanhwà. 1845Encycl. Metrop. XVI. 583/2 The learned language of the present day (Kwan-hwa) or dialect of the Mandarins. 1848[see mandarin dialect (mandarin1 4)]. 1889L. C. Hopkins (title) Guide to Kuan Hua. 1932W. L. Graff Lang. xi. 421 The modern Chinese of Pekin, the Mandarin, Kuan Hua, or Guoryu..has become the language of officialdom. 1968Encycl. Brit. V. 634/1 Mandarin... Formerly called variously kuan-hua ‘official speech’, whence the term ‘Mandarin’, or p'u-t'ung-hua ‘general (v. local) speech’.
2. Kuan Yin |jɪn| [Lord of Mercy], a goddess of Chinese Buddhism, to whom intercession for aid or protection is made; a representation in sculpture of this deity.
1845Encycl. Metrop. XX. 490/2 The Kwan-yin, or merciful Goddess of the Chinese. 1871S. Beal Catena of Buddhist Scriptures 121 The work known as the Po-kien..says:... The spirit..gazing on Kwan-Yin, a covenant saviour (a sworn friend). 1906S. W. Bushell Chinese Art II. viii. 7 Large images of Kuan-Yin enamelled with turquoise blue and other soft colours. 1922E. T. C. Werner Myths & Legends China x. 251 As Mary is the guiding spirit of Rome, so is Kuan Yin of the Buddhist faith. 1930O. Sirén Hist. Early Chinese Art III. iv. 47 In the tall eleven-headed Kuan-yins..a suggestion of movement may be observed. 1943Burlington Mag. Dec. 311/2 Kuan yin figures of the Ming and Ch'ing period are represented in great numbers and show the eagerness of the artist to excel in decorative variations and in manual skilfulness. 1963P. C. Swann Art of China, Korea & Japan vi. 142 The best known of Sung Buddhist sculptures are the indolent Kuan-yin ‘Goddess of Compassion’ (the Sanskrit Avalokitésvara) figures with their full, fleshy bodies seated in the maharaja-lila or position of royal ease. 1969R. Quest Cerberus Murders v. 35 Some benign deity—Kuan Yin, perhaps.
3. In full, Kuan ware, Kuan yao |jaʊ| [jade]. A type of thickly glazed celadon made in predominantly greyish colours at Hangchow during the Sung dynasty; similar pottery (as the Kuan jar) produced elsewhere in China in later centuries.
1888F. Hirth Anc. Porc. 19 Kuan-yao, or Mandarin Porcelain, is the produce of certain Government factories. 1915R. L. Hobson Chinese Pott. & Porc. I. iv. 48 One of the puzzling features in the study of the Sung wares is the interrelation of the various makes, such as the Ju, Kuan, [etc.]. Ibid. v. 59 A new pottery..copied the forms of the older Kuan ware. 1938Burlington Mag. July 37/1 A Kuan yao saucer of a delicate bluish grey glaze. 1944W. E. Cox Bk. Pott. & Porc. I. xviii. 426 Neither of the Kuan yao factories so far as we know survived the Mongolian conquest. Ibid. II. xx. 592 (caption) Bottle vase with glaze of Kuan type of pale blue-green. 1960Times 21 June 22/6 A..blue and white Kuan or wine jar. 1961M. Sullivan Introd. Chinese Art viii. 158 As soon as Southern Sung had established themselves at Hangchow they naturally sought for factories which could produce a ware fine enough to be classed as kuan. 1971P. David Chinese Connoisseurship 139 Kuan Ware. This was made on the orders of the Palace Works Department. |