| 释义 |
▪ I. wen1|wɛn|
Forms: 1 wænn, wenn, 2 wean, 4, 7–8 wenn, 5–7 wenne, 4– wen.
[OE. wen(n, wæn(n = Du. wen, WFlem. wan, app. related to MLG. wene (1403), LG. wehne, wähne tumour, wart; the ultimate etym. is obscure.]
1.
†a. A lump or protuberance on the body, a knot, bunch, wart. Obs.
b. Path. A sebaceous cystic tumour under the skin, occurring chiefly on the head.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 34 Wiþ wenne on eaᵹon ᵹenim þa holan cersan [etc.]. Ibid. III. 46 Ᵹif men synd wænnas ᵹewunod on þæt heafod foran oððe on ða eaᵹan. c1050Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 422/2 Impetigo, eaᵹan wenn. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 8 In doynge awey þat is to myche skyn: as wertis or wennys. c1440Promp. Parv. 522/1 Wenne, verucca,..gibbus. c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 791/7 Hic gibbus, a wenne. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 57 As he that wolde haue slaine Prometheus, wounded his wenne with his swoorde, whereby he was healed of that disease. 1597Gerarde Herbal i. li. 72 The seede of Darnell..consumeth wens, hard lumps, and such like excrescence in any part of the body. 1626Bacon Sylva §997 It would be tried, with Cornes and Wenns, and such other Excrescences. 1672Wiseman Treat. Wounds ii. ii. 10, I saw the Bullet lye like a small Wen or Scrophul, thrusting out under the Skin. 1711Addison Spect. No. 59 ⁋4 Cicero, who was so called from the Founder of his Family, that was marked on the Nose with a little Wen like a Vetch. 1794R. J. Sulivan View Nat. I. 290 Others..exposed to fewer exhalations..will merely be deformed with wens and swellings about the joints. 1819Keats Otho ii. ii, Erminia has my shame fixed upon her, sure as a wen. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xi, A tall, meagre man, with a nose like a wen. 1884T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 4) I. iii. 188 The acquired sebaceous cysts..are more common on the head and face than elsewhere..: when on the scalp they are known as ‘wens’.
Comb.1861Wynter Soc. Bees 120 That cabinet of wen⁓like tumours.
c. Applied to the swelling on the throat characteristic of goitre. Also Comb.
1530Palsgr. 287/2 Wenne in the throte, gouoystre, gouistre. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 67 The men and women have great wens upon their throats, with drinking the waters that passe the Mines. a1700Evelyn Diary ? Apr. 1646 (Alps), People having monstrous gullets or wenns of fleshe growing to their throats. 1832R. & J. Lander Exped. Niger I. v. 204 Others who have unseemly wens on the throat, as large as cocoa-nuts. 1852Meanderings of Mem. I. 111 The wen-necked women.
d. An excrescence or tumour on the body of a horse.
1559in Richmond Wills (Surtees) 133 One grey nagge with a wen in his side. 1600Surflet Country Farm i. xxviii. 188 For the wen [Fr. louppe], open it when you shal perceiue it to be full of matter. 1649J. Taylor (Water P.) Wand. Wonders West 19, I hired a Horse.., she had two wens as big as clusters of Grapes hung over both her eyes. 1677Lond. Gaz. No. 1240/4 A black Coach Horse.., a wen upon the far foot behind. 1845W. C. Spooner Veterinary Art 77 Wens are oval or round bodies, found floating loosely under the skin.
†e. An excrescence on a tree. Obs.
1538Elyot Dict., Molluscum, the wenne of a tree. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. 108 With this wood [Maple] tables are couered..and other fine workes made, specially of the knobbes or wennes that growe out of it. 1707Mortimer Husb. 330, I think those of eight or ten Inches circumference to grow better than smaller ones, provided the Bark be smooth, tender and void of Wens. 1725T. Taylor in Portland Papers (Hist. MSS. Comm.) VI. 88 One old oak..had a kind of excrescence or wen upon it,..its semi⁓circle was thirty-two feet. 1791Cowper Yardley Oak 66 And sides emboss'd With prominent wens globose.
f. transf. and fig.
Sometimes applied spec. to London: cf. quots. 1783, 1821.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. ii. 115 Prince. I do allow this Wen [Falstaff] to bee as familiar with me, as my dogge. 1640Bastwick Lord Bps. iv. D 1 b, They are not the Body it selfe of the Church, but wennes, or swellings grown up, and..incorporated into the Body. 1649J. Taylor (Water P.) Wand. Wonders West 12 Saint Michaels Mount..is a barren stony little wen or wart. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. Pref. **1 b, This Digression of ours..is no Wen, or Excrescency, in the Body of this Book; but a Natural and Necessary Member thereof. 1765in Eliz. Carter's Lett. 3 Sept. (1809) III. 118 This hot weather makes me languid... In Stoic language, I feel myself to be a wen. 1783Tucker Four Lett. Nat. Subj. iii. 45 If..the Increase of Building [in London]..was looked upon to be no better than a Wen, or Excrescence, in the Body Politic. 1821Cobbett Rural Rides (1885) I. 52 But what is to be the fate of the great wen of all? The monster, called..‘the metropolis of the empire’? 1854H. Rogers Ess. (1874) II. 6 Locke at once applies the knife to those huge wens of ‘ontology’..which had so long impoverished..philosophy. 1871Kingsley At Last iii, Port of Spain would be such another wen upon the face of God's earth as..the city of Havanna.
†2. A spot, blemish, stain. lit. and fig. Obs. (Confused with wem n.)
1340Ayenb. 262 Þis boc is y-mad..Ham uor to berȝe uram alle manyere zen þet ine hare inwytte ne bleue no uoul wen. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. clxxviii. (1495) 720 The rote [of the wylde vyne] sod in reyne water and medlyd wyth wyne dooth awaye wennes [L. maculas]. 1535Coverdale Lev. xxii. 22 Yf it be blynde, or broken, or wounded, or haue a wen..they shal offre none soch vnto the Lorde. 1552Huloet, Wenne or fleshe spotte, neuus. a1593Marlowe Ovid's Elegies i. v. 18 Not one wen in her body could I spie.
3. Comb.: wen-man nonce-wd., a city-dweller.
1937Auden Lett. from Iceland viii. 102 The mountain⁓snob is a Wordsworthian fruit... He calls all those who live in cities wen-men.
▪ II. wen2
Formerly the usual form of wyn, wynn2.
▪ III. wen
repr. a pronunc. of when adv. (conj., n.) in dialect or in uneducated speech.
1893H. A. Shands Some Peculiarities of Speech in Mississippi 67 Wen, sometimes used by illiterate whites and negroes for when. 1901M. Franklin My Brilliant Career iii. 16 It puts me in mind ev the time wen the black fellers made the gins do all the work. 1952[see queen n. 5 e]. 1979Amer. Speech LIV. 67 W'en you see the fire come from the brimstone..this earth ain' gon' be burnin'.
▪ IV. wen
see ween n. and v., when, whenne. |