| 释义 |
▪ I. inside, n., a., adv., and prep.|ˌɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnsaɪd|
[f. in adj. (adv. used attrib.) + side. The opposite of outside in all senses.
The two parts appear to have naturally even stress, as in east side, right side, top side, back side, with a tendency to a stronger on the n. part. But when used attrib., or when contrasted explicitly or implicitly with outside, and often when followed by of and a n., the main stress is on in.]
A. n.
1. a. The inner side or surface; that side of anything which is within, or nearer to the centre, or farther from the outer edge or surface; in a foot-path, the side next to the wall, or away from the road.
1504in Eng. Gilds 327 A tabell yn the syde of the halle..a bynch yn the yn-syde of the tabell. 1535Coverdale 1 Kings vi. 15 Salomon..buylded the walles on the insyde with Ceder tymber. 1583Hollyband Campo di Fior 333 Rubbing it [my pen] against the inside of my cote. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, iii. ii. 78 Look'd he o' th' inside of the Paper? 1662Gerbier Princ. (1665) 30 There is a necessary Magnificence to be exprest on the Front and inside of Princely Buildings, answerable to their greatnesse. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 113 Over the third Gate, in the in-side..is this Inscription. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 193 The two insides of the Joynt-Rule Carpenters use. 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 600 A very thin coating of the acid is deposited equably upon the inside of the vessel. 1894Yellow Bk. I. 193 They might pass me by now, not even give me the inside of the pavement.
b. Fencing. (See quot. 1863.)
1692Sir W. Hope Fencing-Master 22 When you put-by the thrust, you put it by upon the inside of your Sword. 1863Archery, Fencing, & Broadsword (Rtldg.) 46 It is customary for adversaries, on coming to the Guard, to Engage, or to join blades, on what is called the inside, that is, the right side; although there are occasions on which it is advisable to engage on the outside, or on the left; otherwise called the Quarte or Tierce sides.
2. a. The inner part, or the space within something; the interior.
c1550Cheke Matt. xxiii. 25 Ie clense y⊇ outward part of y⊇ cup and y⊇ disch, but y insijd is ful of robri and vnstaidnes. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 833 Shew the in-side of your Purse to the out-side of his hand, and no more adoe. 1671Milton P.R. iv.58 So well I have disposed My aery microscope—thou mayest behold, Outside and inside both, pillars and roofs. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 104 The insides of their dwellings exhibit a complete picture of filth and indolence. 1808Jane Austen Let. 20 Nov. (1952) 233 We mean..to go one night to the play. Martha ought to see the inside of the Theatre once while she lives in Southampton. 1819R. Woodhouse Let. 20 Sept. in Keats Lett. (1958) II. 165 He parted with me at the Coach door—I had the inside all to myself. 1870L'Estrange Miss Mitford I. ii. 37 The company in the inside [of the coach]..being tolerably quiet. 1891C. Roberts Adrift Amer. 6, I had a very varied time and learnt something of the inside of a country. 1969Times 12 Nov. 10/7 It took one war to get a foothold in the treaty ports. That still left the ‘inside’.
b. spec. |ˌɪnˈsaɪd|. The interior of the body; the internal organs, esp. the stomach and bowels; the entrails. (Also in pl. in same sense.) colloq. and dial.
[1581Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 21 In the body of his work, though the inside and strength were Philosophy, the skinne as it were and beautie, depended most of Poetrie.] 1741–3Wesley Jrnl. (1749) 91 It was as if their heart, as if all their inside, as if their whole body was tearing all to pieces. 1840Marryat Poor Jack xxx, My insides are out of order. 1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! iii, So now away home; my inside cries cupboard. 1893F. C. Selous Trav. S.E. Africa 143 There was a lot of blood about..and some odd portions of a man's inside.
c. fig. Inward nature, mind, thought, or meaning. (Sometimes with humorous suggestion of sense b.)
1599Massinger, etc. Old Law i. i. Wks. (Rtldg.) 416/1 Come, come, here's none but friends here, we may speak Our insides freely. a1618Sylvester Hymn St. Lewis 133 Rebellious Peers, Who..measuring his in-side by his age, Troubled his State with storms of Civill Rage. 1676Phil. Trans. XI. 554 Sueton. hath drawn to life both the Portraictures and Insides of the xii Cæsars. 1749Chesterfield Lett. (1792) II. 183 In order to judge of the inside of others, study your own. 1833Lamb Elia Ser. ii. Barrenn. Imag. Fac. Mod. Art, Conscious of the heroic inside of the noble Quixote.
d. The middle or main portion of a period of time, exclusive of the beginning and end. (In quot. 1890, in the inside of = ‘inside of’, within: see C.3.) colloq.
1890Clark Russell Ocean Trag. 74 (Farmer) Tain't to be done in the inside of a month. 1891T. Hardy Tess (1892) 204 The Reverend Felix..home for the inside of a fortnight. 1894Spectator 10 Feb. 189 Bishops..in order to come to London for the inside of a week..have to alter a number of arrangements.
e. The inner history, the real facts; also, a person in possession of such information. Phr. to be on the inside, to have knowledge that is not generally available.
1904W. H. Smith Promoters v. 101 I'll give it to you straight, for I happen to know the inside. 1926Flynn's 16 Jan. 637/1 Also he spills th' info as to how many insides they is; that is, how many bargain counters has one of our gang behind it. 1932Daily Express 28 Jan. 15/5, I have chatted with men who are believed to be on the inside, and they have informed me that there will certainly be changes at forward and in the three-quarter line. 1959Economist 18 Apr. 252/3 This desire to be ‘on the inside’ is no doubt personal as well as nationalist.
3. (ellipt. use of the adj. or adv.) An inside passenger or place in a coach or other vehicle. colloq.
1798Canning, etc. Loves Triangles 179 in Anti-Jacobin, So down thy hill, romantic Ashbourn, glides The Derby dilly, carrying Three Insides. 1837Dickens Pickw. xxviii, The old gentleman inside..informs the other inside that they're going to change directly; on which the other inside wakes himself up. 1838Southey Lett. (1856) IV. 550 The four insides of a Dover coach are taken for to-morrow morning. 1890Boldrewood Col. Reformer (1891) 128, I picked myself up and went to help out the insides.
4. In advb. phr. inside out |ˌɪnsaɪd ˈaʊt|, formerly also inside outwards (usually with the verb turn): So that the inner side becomes the outer; so as to expose the inside or interior. Also fig., esp. to know (something) inside out: to know (it) extremely well.
a1600Tarlton's Jests (Halliw.) Introd. 22 Could you turne him inside out, You would presentlie see, Squeaking [etc.]. 1681–6J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 265 [He] turned them inside-outwards, and revealed their hidden Sense to the World. 1692Washington tr. Milton's Def. Pop. i. (1851) 32 Though one should turn you topsie-turvy, and in-side out, [you] are but a Grammarian. 1772H. Walpole Last Jrnls. (1859) I. 7 Turned their coats inside outwards for luck. 1836Penny Cycl. V. 245/2 The polypes..are so simple in their structure that they may be turned inside out like a glove. 1887Jessopp Arcady vii. 214. 1921 A. Huxley Let. 24 Aug. (1969) 201 Maria and I have just come back from..Rome... What a place! It inspires one at once with a kind of passion to know it utterly and inside out. 1967N. Freeling Strike Out 31 A restaurant—that's a simpler affair, and Marguerite knows it inside out.
5. In various games, a position on the field; a player in that position.
1886W. Arnott in B. James England v Scotland (1969) ii. 39 The Corinthians..have perfected the tactics of the three insides. 1901W. H. Pickering Hockey for Ladies ix. 33 Left inside should be able to shoot for she gets as many chances as any other forward. 1905E. E. White How to play Hockey vii. 47 Touch line tactics make it imperative that the two insides should get out of position. 1935Encycl. Sports 289/1 (Association Football) The game is begun by one of the centre-forwards, who usually taps the ball gently to either of his insides. Ibid. 517/2 (Rugby) One common fault with three-quarters..is running on a slant; it is a pathetic sight to see a fine wing man so bottled by his own ‘insides’ that he is forced into touch almost as soon as he has the ball. 1967J. Potter Foul Play vi. 79 George and Boozy moved up on the German insides like a pair of avenging demons.
6. (See quot. 1927.) U.S.
1899B. Tarkington Gentleman from Indiana i. 11 Presently the ‘Herald’ announced a news connection with Rouen, and with that, and the aid of ‘patent insides’, began an era of three issues a week. Ibid. xiv. 249 We must buy ‘plate matter’ instead of ‘patent insides’. 1927Amer. Speech II. 242/1 Only in small country papers does one find ‘patent insides’. The country editor frequently buys four pages of his paper already printed, filled with ‘features’, fiction, and advertising. He has only to fill the four remaining pages with local news and advertising.
B. adj.
a. |ˈɪnsaɪd|. Situated on or in the inside; of, belonging to, or used for the inside (lit. and fig.); interior, internal.
Often used technically; esp. in reference to locomotive engines having the driving-gear within the main frame, as inside cylinder, inside framing, inside gear. Also, inside callipers, inside tool, etc. i.e. used for the interior of cylindrical or hollow work.
1611Shakes. Wint. T. i. ii. 286 Is whispering nothing? Is leaning Cheeke to Cheeke?..Kissing with in-side Lip? 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 244 Outside and inside Lathing for Plastring. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §189 An excellent mortar for under-drawing, and inside work. 1824E. Weeton Let. 31 May–2 June in Jrnl. of Governess (1969) II. 276 No consideration could have induced me to travel inside the coach; the guard offered me an inside seat in the night, but I declined it. 1849Thackeray Pendennis I. xxii. 206 He would not take an inside place in the coach, but sate up behind with his friend the Guard. 1855D. K. Clark Railway Machinery I. 93/1, 5/8 inch lap in Sharp's inside-cylinder engines exhausts as well as the 11/4 and 1½ inch of lap, which Mr. Sinclair has found necessary in his outside-cylinder engines on the Caledonian Railway. 1857Mrs. Gaskell Let. 13 Sept. (1966) 471 We..found to our dismay that there was no inside places. However we got tilted up to the top of the coach behind. 1859Engineer VII. 211/1 The outside cylinder express engines running to Southampton are as steady, under every rate of speed, as any inside cylinder engines in use. Ibid. 225/1 The cylinders being bolted to the outside of the inside framing. 1862in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 177 The inside fittings of the rooms. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 151 An efficient mechanism by which outside variability is used for the maintenance of inside constancy. 1907F. H. Burnett Shuttle xxiii. 226 We didn't come over on one of the big liners... Took a cheap one, inside cabin, second class. 1959B. J. Farmer Murder Next Year ii. 7 A modern bathroom and an inside w.c. 1963Guardian 7 Mar. 7/2 There are 1,045 berths on this ship, and 16 of them will be available at {pstlg}35—in four-berth ‘inside’ cabins on C deck. ‘Outside’ four-berth cabins cost {pstlg}55 a berth. 1971Ibid. 1 Dec. 12/5 Some 200,000 families with severely disabled people need improved accommodation because they lack an inside lavatory.
b. Of a person: Employed within a house or building; working indoors. Also fig., and of a person travelling inside a coach (cf. n. 3).
1807Southey Lett. from Eng. II. xxxvii. 125 These coaches..carry four inside passengers, two outside. 1841E. Hall Diary 17 Dec. in O.A. Sherrard Two Victorian Girls (1966) iv. 48, I did feel very lonely and miserable as the coach drove off with the solitary inside passenger. 1886W. D. Howells Minister's Charge xxv. 368 Look at the Blue-book,..it's the apotheosis of farm-boys, mechanics, insidemen, and I don't know what. 1894Daily News 8 Oct. 6/7 Counting the number of hours worked, the outside men are given an equal amount of employment with the inside men. a1900Mod. U. S. Newspaper Advt., Situation wanted as inside man in private family. 1946K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) viii. 119 The ‘inside men’, who fished the lakes..also appropriated any convenient grassy slope. 1948‘N. Shute’ No Highway vi. 165 He's an inside man... He's deeply interested in research, and he doesn't concern himself very much with user problems.
c. inside edge (Skating): see edge 7 b. inside track: in Racing, the inner side of a curved track (which is shorter than the outer); hence fig. a position of advantage.
1857Richmond (Virginia) Whig 5 Sept. 2/1 In a word, ‘Gizzard-Foot’ has the inside track for the Senatorship. 1867O. W. Holmes Guard. Angel xviii. (1891) 197 It gave him the inside track, as the sporting men say, with reference to any rivals for the good-will of either of these. 1882W. James Let. 23 Apr. in R. B. Perry Tht. & Char. W. James (1935) I. 794 Whoever does it gets the inside track for promotion here on Bowen's withdrawal. 1931L. Steffens Autobiogr. iv. xvii. 782 We cannot any more govern them or exploit or have the inside track in them. 1967Times Rev. Industry Mar. 90/3 The real strength of the Labour Party does not lie in Transport House but on the inside track possessed by trade union officials, shop stewards and others,..all particularly important in influencing the male vote. 1972Accountant 21 Sept. 359/1 At this stage in the contest, President Richard M. Nixon, as the incumbent, clearly enjoys the advantages of the inside track.
d. fig. Coming from ‘the inside’; inner; not generally available.
1888Daily Inter-Ocean 20 Feb. (Farmer), A secret service officer..claims to have inside information as to the facts in the case. 1896S. Leavitt Our Money Wars ii. 11 Sometimes a few lines of inside history are worth whole books of that usually printed. 1912C. Mathewson Pitching in a Pinch ix. 184 Behind this game is some ‘inside’ history that has never been written. c1919H. C. Witwer Smile a Minute i. 32 He wanted some inside dope for his paper. 1923D. L. Sayers Whose Body? xiii, ‘Peruvian Oil..hasn't paid a dividend for umpteen years.’ ‘No..but it's going to. I've got inside information.’ 1924H. Croy R.F.D. No. 3 157, I knew a fellow on the inside and we used to pal around together and I got a lot of inside dope. 1932H. Walpole Fortress iii. 447 John..had been most entertaining. If not of Parliament he was near it enough to have plenty of inside information. 1936Discovery Apr. 129/2 His biography..gives the inside story of Coué in his years of fame. 1938Wodehouse Code of Woosters vi. 139, I would be able to get together with Gussie..and learn the inside dope. 1950D. Riesman et al. Lonely Crowd ix. 199 Some inside-dopesters actually crave to be on the inside, to join an inner circle or invent one; others aim no higher than to know the inside. 1959Encounter Dec. 16/1 The influence of the..gossip-columnists and ‘inside dopesters’ has steadily risen. 1970Daily Tel. 20 Apr. 17 The newest ‘inside’ book on the monarchy. 1972‘H. Carmichael’ Naked to Grave v. 59, I can get all the credit for an inside story... The way you described it to me is just tailor-made for my column. 1972P. D. James Unsuitable Job iii. 90 If you want the inside dope on Garforth House, you should ask him. 1973D. Lees Rape of Quiet Town i. 10 As soon as they hear I'm from the Pictorial they'll fall over themselves to give me the inside gen.
e. Special collocations: inside centre Rugby Football, the centre playing immediately outside the half-backs; inside clinch (see quot.) and cf. clinch n.1); inside country Austral. (see quot. 1959); inside forward, in association football and hockey, either of the two players, called the inside left or right (see below), of the forward line; the position of such a player; inside half = scrum-half; inside job slang, a crime committed in a house, etc., by, or with the help of, a resident or servant, etc., in the building; inside left, right, in association football and hockey, a player playing between the outside left or right and the centre forward; the position of such a player; inside lining slang (see quots.); inside man U.S. slang, one involved in any of various special roles in a confidence trick or robbery; inside right (see inside left, above); inside squatter Austral., one who lives within the margin of the settlements; inside stand slang (see quot. 1935).
1936H. B. T. Wakelam Rugby Football ix. 171 Returning again to outside lines-up, Now and again..we come across a side which, really imitating the five-eighth game, plays two outside-halves, or even an ‘inside’ and an ‘outside’ centre. 1960E. S. & W. J. Higham High Speed Rugby ix. 111 When the inside centre receives the ball, he proceeds..to straighten his run. 1969Sun-Herald (Sydney) 13 July 45/5 Barry Honan's play at inside centre was rich encouragement for the side.
1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 591/2 Inside Clinch. The end [of a rope] is bent close round the standing part till it forms a circle, when it is securely seized..thus making a running eye.
1911C. E. W. Bean ‘Dreadnought’ of Darling xxxv. 317 But, be the ‘inside’ country never so tame..there will always be a huge stretch of country ‘outside’ which cannot by any known means be closely settled. 1959Baker Drum 119 Inside country, well-populated country near or in coastal areas, specifically in contrast to inland or out⁓back.
1897Windsor Mag. Dec. 25/2 Each of the two inside-forward positions. 1897Encycl. Sport I. 418/1 Try to feed the centre and inside forwards when in your opponent's territory. 1965Men's Hockey (Know the Game) (rev. ed.) 30/1 If the inside forwards are close to the centre, the opposing centre half can cover all three.
1921E. H. D. Sewell Rugby Football iii. 69 In our view all backs should look at the inside half when the ball is being put in the scrum. 1949Rugby League Football (‘Know the Game’ Series) 8 Scrum half back or inside half. 1969Programme (Llanelli v. Swansea 1 Apr.) 6 Jim Lamb. Mewnwr. Inside-half. 1973Sunday Tel. 18 Mar. 38/2 Smith, for England, was forceful at inside half.
1908‘O. Henry’ Gentle Grafter xi. 142 The police are calling it an inside job. 1924G. S. Dougherty Criminal as Human Being 187 One of my assistants..made an investigation that convinced him an ‘inside job’ had been committed by the servants. 1925A. Christie Secret of Chimneys xii. 121 How long have you had the idea that it might be an inside job? 1926J. Black You can't Win xxi. 334 It was an inside job..done by the storekeeper to beat his creditors. 1933D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise xv. 249 You seem convinced that the murder of Victor Dean was an inside job. 1972‘M. Innes’ Open House ii. x. 94 Wasn't there something factitious about the whole affair? Didn't it match the hoary old formula of the inside job disguised as an outside job?
1897Encycl. Sport I. 517/1 This is a comparatively easy task for inside right, but by no means so for inside left, who cannot reach out to hit the ball as it is rolled in. 1969B. James England v Scotland ii. 51 Scottish inside-left J. Macpherson..collapsed in a heap.
1851H. Mayhew London Labour I. 20/1 He was ‘going to get an inside-lining’ (dinner).
1935A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 61/2 Inside lining, an exceptionally good meal. 1935Amer. Speech X. 21/1 (s.v. Steerer), Steerer, an inside man or tipster who locates prospects for robbers or safeblowers. 1937N.Y. Times 22 Dec. 22 Inside man, a spy placed in a plant as an employé. 1938F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad xxviii. 288 The ‘mug finder’ books a room and spots a likely name in the register... When the ‘mug's’ name is announced in the restaurant by the page, he is followed to the telephone by the ‘inside man’ and identified. 1940Amer. Speech XV. 119/1 Inside-men are highly specialized workers; they must have a superb knowledge of psychology to keep the mark under perfect control during the days or weeks while he is being fleeced.
1906Westm. Gaz. 16 Mar. 5/1 Bloomer developed into a forward of exceptional skill in the inside-right position. 1969B. James England v Scotland iii. 64 Chadwick provided an opening for inside⁓right Goodall to score England's second goal.
1881A. C. Grant Bush-Life in Queensland II. xxxii. 171 Stations were formed for nearly a hundred and fifty miles outside John's run, and he began to regard himself as quite an inside squatter. 1959Baker Drum 119 Inside squatter, a farmer or large land-owner in a fairly well-populated district.
1932Wodehouse Hot Water xiii. 227 Oily's got himself into the house, and he's planning to let Soup in when he's good and ready... It's what's known as the inside stand. 1935Punch 4 Dec. 637/3 The ‘inside stand’, as the business of insinuating a member of a gang into the doomed house is called. 1960Wodehouse Jeeves in Offing v. 54 The butler turned out to be one of a gang of crooks, planted in the house to make it easy for them to break in. The inside stand, it's called.
C. adv. |ˌɪnˈsaɪd|. On or in the inside.
1. a. On the inner side.
1803Nelson 4 June in Nicolas Disp. (1845) V. 79 This Island is bold, too, inside or out. 1806A. Duncan Nelson 71 The Goliath..had the honor to lead inside.
b. fig. In a position to have private information. rare.
1870Congress. Globe 3 Feb. 1022/1, I ask the gentleman from Ohio to name the ships which he says have been sold for a song. The gentleman is inside on all these matters.
c. slang. In prison.
1888Referee 14 Oct. 1/4 There dashes past a once member of the dangerous classes, who has been ‘inside’ many a time and oft, but who, having run into a bit of ready, will now go straight. 1925E. Wallace King by Night xxvi. 116 You've been ‘inside’, and you're going in again unless you can explain..what you're doing here. 1958Listener 6 Nov. 743/2 Only a very insensitive reader could reach the end of the book without feeling that he had shared the author's daily, even hourly, existence ‘inside’—..the effect comprising a powerful, and frequently nauseating, picture of what life in prison, and in a Borstal, is like. 1959‘L. Bruce’ Our Jubilee is Death xvi. 149 She was afraid of me going inside again. 1972C. Drummond Death at Bar ii. 54 Over the years she had been convicted three times, spending in all four years ‘inside’.
2. In or into the inner part; within; internally.
1824E. Weeton Jrnl. 21 July (1969) II. 309 The Liverpool fares..were all 4{pstlg} inside and 2{pstlg} out. 1847Punch XII. 14 Has he [sc. the bus conductor] directions to say..‘Full inside’? 1851‘Nimrod’ Road 17 Full, inside, sir. 1866Latham s.v., Itinerant Showman, Now then, ladies and gentlemen, walk inside, walk inside! 1875T. W. Higginson Hist. U.S. xi. 93 The houses were kept very clean inside and out. 190519th Cent. 817 To adopt an elusive bush idiom, the railways bring the country ‘inside’. 1930L. Munday Mounty's Wife xvii. 209 After twenty years, almost all of which we had spent ‘inside’, as the North is always called. 1945Baker Austral. Lang. 59 When a man from the far interior comes to the city he says he is coming inside. 1957Arctic Spotter (Edmonton, Alberta) Oct. 9 Not once did I meet anyone who was sorry to be ‘inside’. 1970‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Cookie Bird v. 66 You didn't know Daddy like I did. He was an awful old softie inside.
3. inside of (in reference to time): Within the space of; in less than the whole of (a period); before the end of. U.S., Austral., etc. colloq.
1839Spirit of Times 27 July 246/1 There are dozens of horses..that can trot their mile in harness inside of three minutes. 1887Hartford Courant 13 Jan. (Farmer), Both animals had been killed inside of five minutes. 1889Boldrewood Robbery under Arms xi, He knocked the seven senses out of him inside of three rounds. Ibid. xxi, I've been pretty quick coming: thirty mile inside of three hours.
D. prep. Inside of; on the inner side, or in the inner part, of; within. Now esp. in titles and headlines to indicate special or intimate knowledge.
1791J. Lackington Mem. (1792) 212 The coachman put me inside the carriage. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxxv. 133 The captain stood well to the westward, to run inside the Bermudas. 1855Browning Ch. Roland xxix, As when a trap shuts—you're inside the den! 1882W. Larden Sch. Course Heat 79 We must get rid of the air inside the tube. 1924A. J. Small Frozen Gold i. 39, I hear all about it inside twenty-four hours. 1936J. Gunther (title) Inside Europe. 1942R. Benchley (title) Inside Benchley. 1972Everson & Fitzgerald (title) Inside the city.
Hence † ˈinˌsidely adv. Obs., inwardly.
1803W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. I. 457 You say something outsidely rude and insidely civil about its being my choice to edit.
▪ II. † inˈside, v. Obs. rare—1.
[ad. L. insidēre to sit on: see insident.]
intr. To be seated or situated on something.
1657Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 353 On whose summities three..grateful leafs do inside. |