| 释义 |
inhibition|ɪnhɪˈbɪʃən|
Also 4–5 -cion(e, 5 ynib-, 5–6 inib-.
[a. OF. inibicion (13–14th c. in Littré Suppl.), later inhib-, ad. rare L. inhibitiōn-em, n. of action f. inhibēre to inhibit.]
1. The action of inhibiting or forbidding; a prohibition (with reference to some act expressed or implied), esp. one formally issued by a person or body possessed of civil or ecclesiastical authority.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Agatha 188 Þane gert he put hire in presone, & ṁad strat Inhibicione, þat na man access suld hafe. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VIII. 289 Robert þe archebisshop hadde purchased an inhibicioun of þe pope þat no clerk schulde reward þe kyng of holy chirche goodes. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 274/2 He sayd that he ought not to be ordeyned the bisshop lyuyng..& wrote for thynibycion of the general counceylle. 1513Douglas æneis x. i. 22 Quhat maner discord be this at we se, Expres agane our inhibitioun? 1558Knox First Blast (Arb.) 48 The natiue king made streit inhibition to all his subiectes, that none shuld adhere to this traitor. 1663J. Spencer Prodigies (1665) 165 How ancient the Usage of Divining by such petty occasions was, may appear from that inhibition..‘Ye shall not use any Divinations’. 1747Carte Hist. Eng. I. 612 Those extreme measures..which he had hitherto been restrained from taking by the Pope's inhibition. 1837Foster in Life & Corr. (1846) II. 313 Medical inhibition to be out in the night-air. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. xxxvii. 43 It [a state legislature] may be restrained by some inhibition either in the federal Constitution, or in the Constitution of its own State.
2. spec.
†a. In Eng. Law, formerly, = prohibition.
b. In Eccles. Law, The order of an ecclesiastical court, stopping proceedings in inferior courts, e.g. the suspension of inferior jurisdictions during the bishop's (or archbishop's) visitation (see inhibit v. 1 b, quot. 1873); also, now esp., the command of a bishop or ecclesiastical judge, that a clergyman shall cease from exercising ministerial duty.
c. In Sc. Law, A writ prohibiting a person from contracting a debt which may become a burden on his heritable property; also, a writ passing the Signet, obtained by a husband, to prohibit the giving of credit to his wife; see also quot. 1861.
1532–3Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 12 §2 Any foreyne inhibitions, appeales..in anye wyse not with standynge. 1543Bale Yet a Course 19 b, The decrees and inhybycyons of my lorde ordynarye of London. 1603Constitutions & Canons §§96– 98. 1621 1st Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. 2 The Assemblie ordaines, that Inhibition shall be made to all and sundry persons, now Serving in the Ministery, who hath not entered into their charges by the order..appointed. 1641Termes de la Ley, Inhibition, is a Writ to inhibite a Judge to proceed further in the cause depending before him... Inhibition is most commonly a Writ issuing forth of a higher Court Christian, to a lower and inferiour, upon an appeale. 1840Act 3 & 4 Vict. c. 86 §14 It shall be lawful for the said bishop at any time to revoke such inhibition. 1846Penny Cycl. Suppl. II. 81/2 The debt on which inhibition may proceed must be founded on some obligatory written document, or established by the decree of a court. 1861W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 446/2 Inhibition against a Wife. Ibid. 447/1 Inhibition of Tithes is a writ..by which the titular of teinds is enabled to interrupt the possession of a tenant of the teinds possessing by tacit relocation. 1873R. Phillimore Eccl. Law II. 1345 We find, in the time of Archbishop Winchelsey, a bishop prosecuted for exercising jurisdiction before the relaxation of the inhibition; and in Archbishop Tillotson's time, a bishop suspended, for acting after the inhibition. 1881Law Rep. 6 Queen's Bench Div. 377 The judge issued an inhibition inhibiting the incumbent from the performance of divine service and the exercise of the cure of souls within the diocese for three months.
3. a. The action of preventing, hindering, or checking. Now esp. in Physiol. (see quot. 1883).
1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. i. ii. vii, This ligation of senses proceeds from an inhibition of spirits, the way being stopped up by which they should come. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 79 ⁋7 It is said that no torture is equal to the inhibition of sleep, long continued. 1883T. L. Brunton in Nature 1 Mar. 419 By inhibition we mean the arrest of the functions of a structure or organ, by the action upon it of another, while its power to execute those functions is still retained, and can be manifested as soon as the restraining power is removed. 1887Fortn. Rev. May 742 Inhibition in one nervous sphere is often accompanied by dynamogeny in another. 1906C. S. Sherrington Integrative Action Nervous Syst. iii. 84 Classical examples of inhibition are those of the vagus nerve on the heart, and of the corda tympani on the blood-vessels of the submaxillary region. 1927G. V. Anrep tr. Pavlov's Conditioned Reflexes iii. 43, I consider it advisable to give a brief description of inhibition of centres as observed in the field of unconditioned reflexes. 1967R. F. Thompson Found. Physiol. Psychol. vii. 168 These more limited hypotheses still imply that inhibition tends to act near the region of the cell body where the spike discharge is initiated.
b. Chem. (See quot. 19022.)
1902S. W. Young in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. XXIV. 299, I will..use the word ‘inhibition’ to cover the phenomena in point. Ibid. 302 Inhibition, i.e. a marked reduction of the reaction rate under the influence of minute quantities of foreign substances. 1923[see inhibitory a. 2]. 1956Nature 3 Mar. 432/2 Anti-competitive (uncompetitive) inhibition, in which the inhibitor combines with the enzyme-substrate complex but not with the enzyme, has been considered theoretically. 1970G. Odian Princ. Polymerization iii. 221 Polymerization is completely stopped by benzoquinone, a typical inhibitor, during an induction or inhibition period.
4. Psychol. A voluntary or involuntary restraint or check that prevents the direct expression of an instinctive impulse; also colloq., in looser use, an inner hindrance to conduct or activity.
1876W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 32 Doubt itself is an active state, one of voluntary inhibition or suspense. 1897J. Adams Herbartian Psychol. 257 It is this work of inhibition that causes the peculiar feeling of effort that marks all voluntary attention as opposed to involuntary. 1916A. A. Brill tr. Freud's Wit & its Relation to Unconscious iv. 206 One cannot possibly consider the amount of the pleasure so great as to believe that it has the power to annul deep-rooted inhibitions and repressions. 1932E. Bowen To North xiv. 141 Blurred by the inhibitions of Pauline, upon which his sister dwelt with such gusto. 1936Discovery Aug. 254/1 To guard against auto-suggestions and personal inhibitions of various kinds. 1965A. L. Fisher tr. Merleau-Ponty's Struct. Behaviour i. 18 That the brain possesses a general power of inhibition would be accepted. 1973W. J. Burley Death in Salubrious Place iii. 56 It was light enough to see the boy's embarrassed shrug. Georgie had no such inhibitions. ‘She had a thing about Vince.’ |