| 释义 |
▪ I. glean, n.1 Obs. exc. dial.|gliːn|
Also 5 glene.
[a. OF. glene, glane = med.L. glena, glana, n. related to OF. glener, late L. glenāre to glean.]
Something gleaned or gathered.
1. (See quots.)
c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 98 A braunche of vynes..hym thought he dide se, And therwithe al a gracious gleene [printed gleeve] of whete. c1490Promp. Parv. 199/i (MS. K) Glene, spicatum. 1602Withals' Dict. 87 A gleane or heape of Corne, commonly gathered and bound by handfuls together, spicilegium. a1728Kennett Gloss. in Lansdowne MS. 1033 (Promp. Parv. 199 note) A glean, a handfull of corne gleaned and tied up by the gleaner or reaper. Kent. 1887in Kent Gloss. s.v.
transf. and fig.1654Fuller Comm. Ruth ii. 153 Abraham gleaned a great gleane of Faith. 1697Dryden Virg., Georg. iv. 267 The Gleans of yellow Thime distend his Thighs.
2. A sheaf of hemp; a bundle of teasels (see quots.).
1664Instr. Jury-men on Comm. Sewers 41 in N.W. Linc. Gloss., Glean, a sheaf of hemp. 1794Griggs Agric. Essex 19 These heads [of teasel] are..bound up in small bunches, or gleans, of five and twenty heads each. 1799A. Young Agric. Linc. 157 For which purpose they tie it in gleans single. 1849Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. X. i. 177 The price of pulling 100 gleans [of hemp] (as they were termed) was 1s... Set it up in stooks of five or six gleans.
▪ II. † glean, n.2 Obs.
[A variant of clean (? f. clean v.), which has the same sense in some mod. dialects; also called cleaning and cleansing.]
The placenta or after-birth, esp. of a cow.
1601Holland Pliny II. 327 The gleane of a Cow hauing newly calued..is good for any vlcers of the visage. Ibid. 341 The pellicle or glean wherein a kid was infolded within the dams wombe. 1750W. Ellis Mod. Husbandm. IV. i. 150 To bring away her [a cow's] glean.
Hence † glean v., to cast the placenta.
1750W. Ellis Mod. Husbandm. III. i. 107 To make a Cow glean well, and keep her in Health.
▪ III. glean, v.|gliːn|
Forms: 4–5 glene, 6–7 gleane, (5–6 gleyne, 6 glayne, gleme, gleame, gleime), 7– glean.
[a. OF. glener, glainer (F. glaner) to glean = Prov. glenar, grenar, late L. (6th c.) glenare, of unknown origin. The commonly assumed connexion with med.L. gelima, OE. ᵹielm, sheaf, is inadmissible; the forms with m are prob. due to association with gleam.]
1. intr. To gather or pick up ears of corn which have been left by the reapers.
In the southern and western counties the popular word is lease (cf. quot. 1393).
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 75 Ye han her beforne Of makynge ropen and lad awey the Corne; And I come after, glening here and there. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. ix. 67 Alle þat helpen me to erye other elles to weden, Shal haue leue..to go and glene after [B. to lese here in heruest]. 1483Cath. Angl. 158/2 To Glene, aristare. 1530Palsgr. 568/1 Put nat your horses in to the corne felde yet, for my folkes have nat gleaned there yet. a1541Wyatt Of mean Estate in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 85 In haruest tyme while she might go and gleane. 1611Bible Ruth ii. 7, I pray you, let mee gleane and gather after the reapers amongst the sheaues. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 212 The poor are allowed to enter and glean upon another's ground after the harvest, without being guilty of trespass. 1796H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 424 They reap, and I glean. I carry then to the common heap a few ears picked behind their steps [etc.]. 1898Contemp. Rev. Sept. 397 Mary was gleaning in a field of corn.
2. trans. To gather or pick up (ears of corn or other produce) after the reapers, etc.
1387–8T. Usk Test. Love i. Prol. (Skeat) l. 112 Yet also haue I leue..to come after..these great workmen, and glene my handfuls of the shedynge after their handes. 1552Huloet, Gleme corne, spicilegium facere. 1570Levins Manip. 208/20 To Gleame corne, spiciligere. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. v. 102, I shall thinke it a most plenteous crop To gleane the broken eares after the man That the maine haruest reapes. 1611Bible Ruth ii. 2 Let me now goe to the field, and gleane eares of corne. 1832H. Martineau Ireland ii. 31 They might glean potatoes enough among the ridges, after the digging, to keep them for a few days. 1862Burton Bk. Hunter (1863) 402 How much has yet to be gleaned off this stony field. 1870Morris Earthly Par. I. 536 After his harvesting, the men must glean What he had left.
b. To strip (a field, vineyard, etc.) of the produce left by the regular gatherers.
a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. xvi. (1566) M v b, Other gathered the grapes & thou gleynedest the vyne. 1611Bible Lev. xix. 10 Thou shalt not gleane thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather euery grape of thy vineyard. 1730–46Thomson Autumn 217 She went To glean Palemon's fields. [‘Very common in Suffolk’ (F. Hall).]
fig.1581Mulcaster Positions xxxix. (1887) 206 The pillage of the poore people? which are to sore gleaned: by the needie and neuer contented professours? 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 73 God..will not, as it were, glean Ephraim, going over it again, as man doth, in order to leave nothing over.
3. transf. and fig. To gather or pick up in small quantities; to scrape together. Now chiefly with immaterial object, esp. to glean information, glean experience, etc.
13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 954 In þat oþer [Jerusalem] is noȝt bot pes to glene. c1350Wynnere & Wastoure 231 in Gollancz Parl. 3 Ages, Alle þat I wynn thurgh witt he wastes thurgh pryde; I geder, I glene, and hee lattys goo sone. a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 495 For alle the good that men may rippe and glene Wasted is in outrageous aray. c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 362 In flood, or lene Cley lond, or nigh the see, grauel let glene. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 151 He gleaneth whatsoever is good or ought woorth through his whole kingdome. 1604E. G. D'Acosta's Hist. W. Indies To Sir R. Cecill A 3, The advantage I have gleaned from idle hours..is commended to your Honors Patronage. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 224 A hundred others haue since that gleaned severall additions of Titles and new names their distributed. 1673Ld. F. Aungier in Essex Papers (Camden) I. 60 Calling upon Sr Arthur Forbes, I have glean'd from him what I am now to tell yr Excye. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. I. i. 4 From them [he] gleaned materials which he formed into a regular history. 1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. lxx, For many a joy he could from Night's soft presence glean. 1869Lecky Europ. Mor. II. i. 56 A few examples have been gleaned from mediæval Chronicles.
†b. To gather or collect into (one receptacle, one mass). Obs.
1540Hen. VIII in State P. (1834) III. 228 Where the sayde Sir Anthony shall fynde the Kynges Majestes landes be otherwise surveyed, or otherwise glayned in to oon hande. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, iii. ii. 284 Yes, that goodnesse Of gleaning all the Lands wealth into one, Into your owne hands (Card'nall) by Extortion. 1646J. Hall Horæ Vac. 154 Oppressed factions when they seeme utterly extinct, gleaning themselves into a head [etc.].
c. With advs.; esp. to glean up, to gather up, collect. † Also to glean away, to carry off; to glean out, to ascertain by investigation of details. Obs.
1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. 131 The plague..which gleaned away many thousand people. 1613–18Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 105 His stay in England was..spent in gleaning out what possible this kingdome could yeeld. 1659D. Pell Impr. Sea 501 By which means you have been enabled..to glean up your præinformations how the sands have lain. 1697Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. ii. 105 They Glean up Custom from their Neighbours; and so what one gets, the other loses. 1704Addison Italy 375 The several little Springs and Rills, that break out of the Sides of the Mountain, are glean'd up, and conveyed..into the main Hollow of the Aqueduct. 1730Fielding Author's Farce iii. Wks. 1882 VIII. 234 He does not only glean up all the bad words of other authors, but makes new bad words of his own. 1844Lowell Pres. Crisis Poet. Wks. (1890) I. 183 While the hooting mob of yesterday in silent awe return To glean up the scattered ashes into History's golden urn.
†d. To cut off (a remnant or stragglers) in warfare. Also to glean up. Obs.
1611Bible Judges xx. 45 And they gleaned of them in the high wayes fiue thousand men. c1665Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1848) 217 Those horse that were in the garrison following their rear gleaned up two lieutenants and two or three other officers. a1711Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 306 Bowmen..on the Danish camp discharge a Show'r To glean the Danes the Wolves should not devour. 1726Cavallier Mem. i. 77 When we perceived the general rout, we..pursu'd them as Hounds do Stags, gleaning now and then some of them.
Hence gleaned, ˈgleaning ppl. adjs.; ˈgleanable a., that may be gleaned.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, i. ii. 151 The Scot..Came pouring like the Tyde..Galling the gleaned Land with hot Assayes. 1611Florio, Spicardino ingegno, a..loose gadding, skipping or gleaning wit. 1693G. Stepny in Dryden's Juvenal viii. (1697) 201 Your Cruel Guilt will little Booty find, Since gleaning Marius has already seiz'd All that from Sun-burnt Africk can be squees'd. 1830Tennyson Ode to Memory iii, Showering thy gleaned wealth into my open breast. 1851Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XII. ii. 410 Few families make their own bread, except from the flour of their ‘gleant corn’. 1876G. Macdonald T. Wingfold xx. 175 Fields..gleanable for generations.
▪ IV. glean
var. gleen, Obs. |