| 释义 |
▪ I. gleam, n.|gliːm|
Forms: 1 glǽm, 3–4 glem, 4–6 gleme, 6–7 gleame, 3, 7– gleam.
[OE. glǽm (:—*glaimi-z) is related by ablaut to OHG. glîmen to glow, shine, OS. glîmo brightness, OHG. glîmo (MHG. glîme) glow-worm, in which sense OHG. had also gleimo (MHG. gleime), agreeing in root-grade with the ME. word. The lowest grade of the root, *glim-, appears in several forms in MHG. and ME.: see glim, glimmer, glimpse.]
1. In early use, a brilliant light (e.g. of the sun). In mod. use, a subdued or transient appearance of light, emitted or reflected.
In ME. both n. and vb. are rare except in alliterative verse.
a1000Guthlac 1278 in Exeter Bk., Þa se æþela glæm setl-gong sohte. a1225St. Marher. 12 Semde as þah ha sehe iþe glistinde glem þe deore rode areachen to þe heouene. c1300Havelok 2122 So stod ut of his mouth a glem Rith al swilk so the sunnebem. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 604 Þat al [the harness] glytered & glent as glem of þe sunne. c1400Destr. Troy 3067 A necke..glissonand as the glemes þat glenttes of þe snaw. c1440York Myst. xxxii. 20 And myne eyne þei glittir like þe gleme in þe glasse. 1508Dunbar Gold. Targe 31 All the lake as lamp did leme of licht, Quhilk schadovit all about wyth twynkling glemis. 1602Marston Ant. & Mel. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 30 Is not yon gleame, the shuddering morne that flakes, With silver tinctur, the east vierge of heaven? 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 30 A gleam of light, so bright that he could easily read by it. 1762Goldsm. Cit. W. cxvii, The dying lamp feebly emits a yellow gleam. 1805Wordsw. Peele Castle iv, If mine had been the Painter's hand, To express what then I saw: and add the gleam, The light that never was, on sea or land. 1838Lytton Leila iv. i, See you not a gleam of spears, yonder, over the mountain? 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxiii. 162 When the staff was dug into the snow and withdrawn, the blue gleam appeared. 186.B. Harte John Burns 99 The gleam of his old white hat from afar.
Comb.1804J. Grahame Sabbath (1808) 39 Forward the gleam-girt castle coastwise glides.
b. fig. A bright or vivid manifestation (of some quality, etc.); in mod. use chiefly with the notion of limitation, a faint, transient, or intermittent appearance.
a1225Ancr. R. 50 Þat te soðe sunne, þat is Jesu Crist, haueð wiðuten..unseauliche imaked ou þurh gleames of his grace. a1547Surrey Prisoned in Windsor in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 13 The palme play, where..With dazed eies oft we by gleames of loue Haue mist the ball. 1576Gascoigne Philomene (Arb.) 96 He..still behelde her gestures all, And all her gleames of grace. a1711Ken Psyche Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 250 When first my Heart, thou Lord, didst melt, And of thy Love one Gleam I felt. 1793Holcroft Lavater's Physiog. xxvi. 127 A gleam of sympathy and resemblance may easily deceive thee. 1840F. D. Bennett Whaling Voy. I. 75 Her smile..casts at once a gleam of beauty over otherwise but ordinary features. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xii. III. 228 On the fifteenth of June a gleam of hope appeared. 1874L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) II. ii. 36 One temporary gleam of good fortune cheered him for a time. 1885Spectator 30 May 716/1 Now and then..we get an occasional gleam of humour.
†c. hot gleam (also gleam simply), a warm ray (of the sun); a bright warm interval between rain-showers. Also, a hot wind (cf. gloom n.1). Obs.
1601Holland Pliny I. 33 The middle of the earth, whereas the Sun hath his way..is euen parched and fried againe with the hot gleames thereof. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 188 If the weather be warm and calm, the Bees delight to rise, but especially in a hot Gleam, after a Showre or Gloomy Cloud hath sent them home. 1697W. Dampier Voy. (1729) I. 530 We felt a brisk Gale..so violent hot, that we thought it came from some burning Mountain..Just such another Gleam I felt one afternoon also.
†2. transf. Brightness, radiance; radiant beauty.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 1017 (Gr.) Heo þe hroðra oftihð, glæmes grene folde. a1000Juliana 167 in Exeter Bk., Min se swetesta sunnan scima, Iuliana, hwæt þu glæm hafast..geoguðhades blæd. c1250Meid Maregrete xxxii, On þe holi meidan he sende litt ant glem. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 218 Þaȝ þe feloun [Lucifer] were so fers for his fayre wedeȝ & his glorious glem þat glent so bryȝt. 1591Spenser Vision Bellay v, Then was the faire Dodonian tree far seene, Upon seaven hills to spred his gladsome gleame. 1683Tryon Way to Health 36 The white clear bright Gleam in every Creature..does arise and proceed from the divine Principle.
b. A bright or joyous look.
1769Sir W. Jones Poems & Ess., Pal. Fort. (1777) 15 O'er his smooth cheeks diffus'd a lively gleam. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. vi, His black visage lighted up with a curious, mischievous gleam.
▪ II. gleam, v.1|gliːm|
Also 4–6 gleme.
[f. prec.]
1. intr. To emit gleams, to shine either with emitted or reflected light; in mod. use chiefly, to shine with a brightness subdued by distance or an intervening medium.
a1225Leg. Kath. 1653 Al þat terin is glistinde & gleaminde, as hit were seoluer oðer gold smeate. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 597 A sadel þat glemed ful gayly with mony golde frenges. c1400Destr. Troy 3943 Faire Ene hade þe freike..Glemyt as þe glasse and gliet a little. 1508Dunbar Tua mariit wemen 20 So glitterit as the gold wer thair glorius gilt tressis, Quhill all the gressis did gleme of the glaid hewis. c1570Satir. Poems Reform. xxxvii. 20 Forcit fyris with gritter gleidis out glemis. 1700Dryden Cymon & Iph. 588 The palace gleams with shining swords. 1792S. Rogers Pleas. Mem. i. 316 When not a distant taper's twinkling ray Gleamed o'er the furze to light him on his way. 1813Scott Rokeby vi. x, Torches and cressets gleam'd around. 1842Lytton Zanoni 28 There gleam the columns of Capua. 1859Kingsley Misc. (1860) II. 247 Keen, honest eyes gleamed out from his brown, scarred weather-beaten face. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 10 What will be the morning glory, when at dusk thus gleams the lake?
fig.1815Hortensia ii. iii, A forc'd smile gleam'd faintly o'er her visage. 1867Trollope Chron. Barset I. xiii. 109 Standing upright..with something of a noble anger gleaming over his poor wan face. 1874Green Short Hist. vii. §2. 358 Even the commonest lives gleamed for a moment into poetry at the stake. 1878C. Stanford Symb. Christ i. 10 Some hints of the reasons for the deep veneration in which he was held gleam in almost every line.
b. quasi-trans., esp. with advs.
1593Shakes. Lucr. 1378 Dying eyes gleem'd forth their ashie lights. 1796M. Robinson Angelina III. 28 Tapers, faintly pale, gleaming blue light upon the altar, then suddenly disappearing! 1818Milman Samor. 52 The northern clouds..Stream in their restless wavings to and fro, While the sea billows gleam them mellower back.
fig.1802H. Martin Helen of Glenross IV. 259 She lies still, except in the movements of convulsions, that recur as often as thought gleams a recollection of her miseries.
†2. To glance, look. Obs. rare.
1340–70Alisaunder 505 Nectanabus..nyed hym tyll And gleming gainelich too þe gome saide. 1508Dunbar Tua mariit wemen 228, I cast on him a crabbit E..And lettis it is a luf-blenk, quhene he about glemys.
▪ III. gleam, v.2 Falconry. ? Obs.
[Later form of gleim v.]
(See quot. 1704.)
1575Turberv. Faulconrie 103 And when shee hath caste, then hoode hir agayne gyving hir nothing to feede on untill she gleame after hir casting. 1704Worlidge Dict. Rust. s.v., When a Hawk casteth, she gleams; that is throws up Filth from her Gorge.
So gleam n. (see quot.).
1891Harting Bibl. Accipitr. 223 Gleam, the substance thrown up after casting gorge. |