| 释义 |
Viking Hist.|ˈvaɪkɪŋ|
Also vikingr, -er, -ir; wiking, wicking.
[ad. ON. and Icel. víking-r (whence also Norw., Sw., Da. viking, G. wiking), = OE. wícing, OFris. witsing, wising. Cf. also ON. and Icel. víking fem., the practice of marauding or piracy.
The ON. word is commonly regarded as f. vík creek, inlet, bay, + -ingr -ing3, a viking thus being one who came out from, or frequented, inlets of the sea. The name, however, was evidently current in Anglo-Frisian from a date so early as to make its Scandinavian origin doubtful; wícingsceaða is found in Anglo-Saxon glossaries dating from the 8th century, and sǽ-wícingas occurs in the early poem of Exodus, whereas evidence for víkingr in ON. and Icel. is doubtful before the latter part of the 10th cent. It is therefore possible that the word really originated in the Anglo-Frisian area, and was only at a later date accepted by the Scandinavian peoples; in that case it was probably formed from OE. wíc camp, the formation of temporary encampments being a prominent feature of viking raids.]
1. One of those Scandinavian adventurers who practised piracy at sea, and committed depredations on land, in northern and western Europe from the eighth to the eleventh century; sometimes in general use, a warlike pirate or sea-rover.
α1807G. Chalmers Caledonia I. iii. iii. 341 At the age of fourteen, Torfin commenced his career, as a vikingr. c1827W. Motherwell Poet. Wks. (1847) 13 It is a Vikingir Who kisses thy hand. 1838Crichton Scandinavia I. 176 Hákon commanded the intrepid Vikingr to be put to death. 1864[H. W. Wheelwright] Spring & Summer in Lapland i. 8 When the ‘Viking’ or pirate vessel..bore the ‘Vikinger’ or dreaded sea pirate to the opposite shores of Britain.
β1840Longfellow Skeleton in Armour iii, I was a Viking old! 1848Lytton Harold vi. v, A fleet of vikings from Norway ravaged the western coasts. 1877Black Green Past. xxviii, I am already convinced that my ancestors were vikings.
γ1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) I. iv. 165 He [Rolf] is described as having been engaged in the calling of a wiking. 1868Ibid. II. vii. 96 The wikings harried far and wide. 1883Vigfusson & Powell Corpus Poet. Bor. II. 139 The warden of the land had the heads of many Wickings (pirates) cut short with keen weapons. 1904E. Rickert Reaper 53 Beyond that, we were Wickings, back to the time of Odin.
2. attrib., as viking age, Viking expedition, Viking invader, Viking line, Viking ship, Viking vessel.
1847I. A. Blackwell Mallet's Northern Antiq. 86 Halfdan enriched himself by successful Viking expeditions. 1864[see 1 α]. 1866G. Stephens Runic Mon. I. 226 The lower compartment is a noble Wiking-ship. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) I. App. 665 He may have joined the Danes or have done anything else in the wiking line. 1881Daily News 3 Sept. 2/2 This Viking ship, with its sepulchre chamber, in which the Viking had been buried. 1883Vigfusson & Powell Corpus Poet. Bor. I. 259 The Northmen confederates of the Wicking invaders. 1889P. B. Du Chaillu Viking Age I. iii. 26 We must come to the conclusion that the ‘Viking Age’ lasted from about the second century of our era to about the middle of the twelfth.
Hence ˈVikingism, ˈVikingship, the practices or spirit of vikings.
1880Stubbs Lect. Stud. Hist. (1886) 222 The conquest of Palestine was to Robert of Normandy..a sanctified experiment of *vikingism. 1899Somerville & Ross Irish R.M. 239, I prefer their total lack of interest in seafaring matters to the blatant Vikingism of the average male.
1883G. Stephens Bugge's Stud. Northern Mythol. Exam. 15 *Wikingship began to be felt..as an unbearable curse. |