| 释义 |
projectile, a. and n.|prəʊˈdʒɛktɪl, -aɪl|
Also 7–8 -il.
[ad. mod.L. projectil-is, f. ppl. stem of prōjicĕre to project. So in F. (Dict. Acad. 1762).]
A. adj.
1. Of motion or velocity: Caused by impulse or projection. Now rare or Obs.
1696Whiston The. Earth i. Lemmata 8 From the Uniform Projectile Motion of Bodies in straight lines. 1715Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. i. (1716) 156 To have destroy'd the projectil Motion. 1717J. Keill Anim. Oecon. (1738) 157 The projectile Velocity of the Planets. 1828Hutton Course Math. II. 208 In case of great projectile velocities.
2. Of force, etc.: Impelling or driving forward or onward; projecting.
1715tr. Gregory's Astron. (1726) I. 99 The augmentation of the projectile Force. 1801Fuseli in Lect. Paint. iii. (1848) 408 The laws of attraction, the projectile and centrifuge qualities of the system. 1858Greener Gunnery 20 Its use then was more for fireworks, than as an artillerist projectile force. 1861Lytton Str. Story xxxi. In this trance there is an extraordinary cerebral activity—a projectile force given to the mind—distinct from the soul.
3. Capable of being projected by force, esp. of being thrown or used as a missile.
projectile anchor, in life-saving apparatus, an anchor adapted to be shot out of a tube towards the place where it is intended to grapple.
1865Morn. Star 11 June, Everything that was projectile was brought into requisition. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 42 Model Carts, Mortars, Projectile Anchors,..Signal Gun and Rocket Signals.
4. Zool. Capable of being thrust forward or protruded, as the jaws of a fish; protrusile.
1864Cope in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 226 Tongue papillose; terminal portion projectile on glosso-hyoideum.
5. Literary Criticism. (See quots.)
1929I. A. Richards Pract. Criticism 357 Aesthetic or ‘projectile’ adjectives..raise several extraordinarily interesting questions... In so far as they register the projection of a feeling into an object they carry a double function. 1949Brooks & Warren Fund. Good Writing x. 351 What I. A. Richards calls ‘projectile’ adjectives: that is, adjectives which function, not so much to give an objective description, as to express the writer's or speaker's feelings... The ‘miserable wretch’ may actually be smiling happily. The woman who has just been called ‘a great little wife’ may be large or small.
B. n.
a. A projectile object; a body impelled through the air or through space; spec. a missile adapted to be discharged from a cannon by the force of some explosive.
[1665A. Kircher Mundus Subterraneus i. v. I. 30 De motu projectilium parabolico, et miris ejus effectibus.] 1665Phil. Trans. I. 109 Of the Motion of heavy Bodies, of Pendulems, of Projectils. 1729G. Shelvocke Artillery v. 312 Under the head of Missiles, by which is meant Projectiles, we will range Fire-Darts, Arrows and Javelins, Fire-Pots and Flasks. 1775J. Banks Epit. Lect. 87 Every projectile is acted upon by two forces, the impetus or projectile force, and the power of gravity. 1837Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) II. 44 The parabolic motion of Projectiles. 1890Century Dict. s.v., Projectiles used in smooth⁓bore guns are..sometimes oblong..as in the Manby, Parrott, and Lyle life-saving projectiles.
fig.1826Sheridaniana 253 The projectiles of wit.
b. attrib. and Comb., as projectile-maker, projectile-trade, etc.; projectile-throwing adj.; projectile theory, (a) that branch of mechanics which treats of the motion of projectiles, as affected by gravity and the resistance of the air; (b) = the emission theory of light: see emission 7.
1854Pereira's Polar. Light 6 The Newtonian hypothesis, or the projectile or emission theory, was started when our knowledge of the facts was but in its infancy. 1899Daily News 15 May 5/4 A welcome stimulus to the projectile trade. 1907Payne-Gallwey (title) A Summary of the History, Construction and Effects in Warfare of the Projectile-Throwing Engines of the Ancients.
Hence proˈjectilist, one who studies or experiments with projectiles.
1852P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 338 With gunmakers, projectilists, general officers, Ordnance authorities. |