| 释义 |
ˌindia-ˈrubber, india rubber
Also 8–9 Indian rubber.
1. The coagulated juice of certain trees and plants of South America, Africa, the East Indies, etc., which forms a highly elastic and flexible substance, used for rubbing out black lead pencil marks, and for many purposes in the arts and manufactures; also called caoutchouc, q.v. for earlier notices. In later use shortened to rubber.
[1788–9Howard New Royal Encycl., Caoutchouc, in natural history..a very elastic resin..Very useful for erasing the strokes of black lead pencils, and is popularly called rubber, and lead-eater.] 1799Hooper Med. Dict. s.v., The substance known by the names Indian rubber, Elastic gum, Cayenne resin, Cautchuc..is prepared from the juice of the Siphonia elastica. 1802Henry in Phil. Trans. XCIII. 31 It is attached to the copper pipe, by a tube of Indian rubber. 1812J. Smyth Pract. of Customs (1821) 113 India Rubber is a substance which oozes out under the form of a vegetable milk, from incisions made in the Syringe Tree of Cayenne. 1817Raffles Java (1830) I. 48 The elastic gum, commonly called Indian-rubber. 1837Dickens Pickw. xv, The unwonted lines..in Mr. Pickwick's clear and open brow, gradually melted away..like the marks of a black⁓lead pencil beneath the softening influence of India rubber. 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 694 Caoutchouc..is very much used in rubbing out the marks made upon paper by a black-lead pencil; and therefore in this country it is often called Indian-rubber. 1861P. B. Du Chaillu Equat. Afr. x. 122 It is a pleasant sight to see a party of natives setting out to gather India-rubber. 1885Tait Properties Matter v. §99 The rapid passage of gases through unglazed pottery, sheet indiarubber, etc., shows the porosity of these bodies.
2. An overshoe made of india-rubber. U.S. colloq. In later use commonly rubber.
1840Longfellow in Life. (1891) I. 357 Feet pinched with India-rubbers. 1852E. Dickinson Lett. (1894) I. 141 I'll take my india-rubbers In case the wind should blow.
3. = rubber n.1 11.
1794Earl Howe Let. to Capt. Sir R. Curtis 20 Feb. (MS. in Henry E. Huntington Library) f. 1v, If India Rubbers means pieces of the elastic Gum for rubbing out pencil lines &c., I have enough of that. 1857M. J. Holmes Meadow-Brook v, Taking my India-rubber, I erased it [sc. the writing]. 1910‘I. Hay’ in Granta 11 June, He concluded by imploring me as a personal favour to purchase an india-rubber and erase the lot. 1939–40Army & Navy Stores Catal. 376/2 Artists' india⁓rubber... Kneaded rubber for Pastel, Chalk and Pencil.
4. a. attrib. Belonging or relating to india-rubber; made of india-rubber, as india-rubber ball, ˌindia-rubber band, ˌindia-rubber bottle, ˌindia-rubber ring, ˌindia-rubber tube, etc.; yielding india-rubber, as india-rubber plant, ˌindia-rubber tree, ˌindia-rubber vine; devoted to the manufacture of india-rubber, as india-rubber works.
1833Longfellow Outre-Mer Prose Wks. 1886 I. 237 The pale invalid may go about without his umbrella, or his India-rubber walk-in-the-waters. 1837Dickens Pickw. xxxv, There was one young gentleman in an India-rubber cloak. Ibid. xxxvi, Mr. Dowler bounced off the bed as abruptly as an India-rubber ball. [1852Mrs. Gaskell Cranford (1853) v. 82 Indian-rubber rings, which are a sort of deification of string.] 1858Cottage Gardener 14 Dec. 170/2 The shoots of a fine India-rubber plant. 1885Tait Properties Matter xi. §224 The pulling out of an india-rubber band is almost entirely due to change of form. 1887C. A. Moloney Forestry W. Afr. 87 The destruction of enormous tracts of india-rubber forest. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 948 His experience was gained in the india-rubber works in Paris. Ibid. III. 563 When the whole of the wall of the stomach is affected, it forms what is known as the india-rubber bottle stomach. 1939–40Army & Navy Stores Catal. 812/3 Indiarubber rings. For use on hockey sticks.
b. transf. Resembling india-rubber; highly elastic and flexible (also fig.).
1894Daily News 1 Aug. 5/2 Mr. Morton coming up quite fresh with his indiarubber amendment applicable to the third in the list of Tramway Bills. 1900Daily News 23 July 3/3 (heading) An indiarubber enemy. 1929E. Wallace (title) The india-rubber men. 1929F. C. Bowen Sea Slang 72 India rubber man, the physical training instructor. 1949‘M. Innes’ Journeying Boy vii. 78 Mr. Wambus..is known as the Great Elasto, the India-rubber Man.
5. Comb., as india-rubber-bodied, india-rubber-like, india-rubber-tyred adjs.
1882Daily News 22 May 2/2 The ‘india-rubber-bodied’ style of entertainment, recently popularised by the Vokes' and the Girards. 1888Pall Mall G. 22 Aug. 1/2 To cultivate a certain indiarubber-like forbearance and a cool temper. 1896Daily News 23 May 6/3 The whole apparatus..is wheeled to the bedside on an indiarubber tyred trolly.
Hence ˌindia-ˈrubbered ppl. a., treated with india-rubber, coated with a solution of india-rubber: ˌindia-ˈrubbery a., resembling or having the consistence of india-rubber.
1890Abney Treat. Photogr. (ed. 6) 176 An image in pigmented gelatine remains on the india-rubbered paper. 1891M. M. Dowie Girl in Karp. iii. 28 Sheep's cheese is..elastic or indiarubbery in texture. 1896Howells Impressions & Exp. 36 The rollers..were of an india-rubbery elasticity and consistency. |