| 释义 |
▪ I. wont, n. arch.
(wəʊnt; also (now chiefly U.S.) wʌnt)
Also 6 woont(e, wonte, Sc. wount.
[Early history and origin doubtful; perh. arose from a conflation of two synonymous constructions, it is my wone (wone n.) to.., and I am wont (wont pa. pple.) to.., whence it is my wont to.. (In view of the textual variants in the quot. from ‘Cursor Mundi’, this must be considered a dubious instance.) Johnson marks this word as ‘out of use’.]
Habitual or customary usage, custom, habit. use and wont: see use n. 9 b; of († in) wont, customary, usual.
13..Cursor M. 13693 (Gött.) For þiþer ȝode he ai vmstunt, Þar to prai ofte was his wont [other texts was he wont].
1530Palsgr. 290/1 Wont or custome to an yvell thyng, amorse. 1543Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1880) II. 24 Payand zeirly..the sowm of xxty bollis..with all..vther dew seruice, vse and wont. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 196 b, After our old wont, we came together vpon our othe in the churche of S. Maturyne. 1548Geste Agst. Priv. Masse L iv, It was fyrst in wont that al the togethers assembled persones in y⊇ church did communicat eche day. 1550Latimer Serm. preached at Stamford B ij, They [sc. the Pharisees] wolde be ordred by olde wont, customes, forfathers. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. i. 2 'Tis not his wont to be the hindmost man. 1602― Ham. i. iv. 6 Then it drawes neere the season, Wherein the Spirit held his wont to walke. 1607Beaum. & Fl. Woman Hater iii. iv, She shall come in a white wastcoat, And—..And perhaps torn stockings, she hath left her old wont else. 1667–8Pepys Diary 10 Mar., As merry as that fellow Joyce could make us with his mad talking, after the old wont. 1818Shelley Julian & Maddalo 13 A narrow space of level sand..Where 'twas our wont to ride. 1822Scott Nigel xi, Her lodger..gave her, contrary to his wont, a signal to leave the room. 1848Lowell Fable for Critics liii, His wont Is to say very sharp things and do very blunt. 1850Newman Serm. Var. Occas. xii. (1881) 199 His commemoration is of daily wont in this neighbourhood. a1866Whewell in Life (1881) 563 Can I forget that this for thee too is Christmas, Christmas not as of wont—Christmas not of the earth? 1879Farrar St. Paul I. 385 They were..liable beyond the common wont of mobs to sudden gusts of feeling and impulse. 1903Times 14 July 11/2 Bosnian use and wont and Oriental ideas were taken into full consideration. 1906Athenæum 24 Nov. 665/2 The story is extravagant beyond the author's wont.
transf.1581A. Hall Iliad vi. 118 My heart to alter from his wont it also doth disdaine. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. i. iii. §5 When things naturall in that regard forget their ordinary naturall woont. 1637C. Dow Answ. to H. Burton 128 Envy her selfe..would have lost her wont. a1854H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets ix. (1857) 312 It is the wont of hollow things to echo.
b. in particularized use.
1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 135 b, Diogenes of a customable woonte auouched to bee a thynge muche more daungerous to falle in the handes of flaterers..then to lighte emong crowes. 1556M. Parker Psalter lxxviii. 226 To theyr old wontes they dyd retyre, as sturdy bow in bent. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus iii. 3. 597 He is a foole still, he leaueth not his old wonts. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 1 Whoever..betakes himself to the scanning of bodies,..either as to their kinds of being or wonts of working. 1854S. Dobell Balder xxiii. 103 She [sc. Morn] won of God That ever when she walketh in the world It shall be Eden: and around her come The happy wonts of early Paradise.
▪ II. wont, v. arch.
(wəʊnt; also (now chiefly U.S.) wʌnt)
Forms: 5 wunte, -on, wontyn, 6 wonte, wount, Sc. pa. tense vont, 6–7 woont, 6– wont; pa. tense 6– wonted, wont.
[f. wont pa. pple. or back-formation f. wonted.]
1. trans. To make (a person, etc.) accustomed or used to (occas. with); = accustom 3, use v. 19.
c1440Alphabet of Tales 228 Þat he mott wunte þaim & make þaim perfite in wirkyng of wull. c1440Promp. Parv. 534/2 Wunton, or gretely to ȝeue an other vse and custome (P. wontyn or greatly to vse and custom), assuefacio, usito. 1535Goodly Primer Ps. xxv, Wont me to thy paths. 1544Betham tr. Purlilia's Precepts War ii. xxxii. K v, It shal not be vnprofitable to acquaynten and wount your horses..to suffer the sytter whyche is a gunner. 1600Surflet Countrie Farme vii. xlvii. 882 And so offring her such meat as is most easie, you shall woont her to eate of the said hart. 1606Peacham Art of Drawing 12 Before you..have woonted and made your hand ready in proportions of all sorts. 1656J. Owen Mortif. Sin (1668) 108 Wont thy Heart to thoughts hereof. c1682in Verney Mem. (1907) II. 312 When I have visited her and a little wonted her to the place, I'll come home. 1916Contemp. Rev. June 689 The various defence and relief committees..have wonted people to the notion of organising the community.
b. refl. (rarely intr. for refl.)
1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 1213 He..woonteth himselfe to keepe farre from any unjust and unlawfull taking of money. 1614T. Adams Sinners Passing Bell Wks. (1629) 268 So these, that in youth haue wonted themselues to the load of lesse sinnes. 1652H. L'Estrange Amer. no Jewes 18 To wont and accustome to the waters, they practising very much swimming. 1699R. L'Estrange Erasm. Colloq. (1725) 83 It is the best Course we can take to wont ourselves to that which is good. 1856Emerson Engl. Traits xvi. 275 We walked round the stones..to wont ourselves with their strange aspect.
†2. trans. To use habitually. Obs. rare.
1530Palsgr. 784/1 It is no wysdome to wont a thyng that is nat honest.
3. intr. To be wont or accustomed; to be in the habit of (doing that which is expressed by the inf.). Chiefly in pa. tense = used (use v. 21).
a1547Surrey Poem in Add. MS. 17492 in Anglia XXIX. 337 Helpe to be walle the woffulle casse..off me that wontede to rejoyes the ffortwne offe my pleassante chyes. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 29 Flatteraris..spurit him to grettar tyrannie and oppressioun nor ony man vont to do befoir. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. ii. 14 Talbot is taken, whom we wont to feare. 1592Nashe P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 31 b, He determined..to poyson the streame, where this iolly Forester wonted to drink. 1632Lithgow Trav. Ded. A 4, And how often wont your euer blessed Father, graciously to peruse Lines of mine. 1671Milton Samson 1487 Sons wont to nurse thir Parents in old age, Thou in old age car'st how to nurse thy Son. a1700Sedley Poet. Pieces Wks. 1722 II. 10 To bouze old Wine, mad Pindar wonted. a1703Burkitt On N.T. Luke ii. 45 Had he not wonted to converse formerly with them, he had not now been sought amongst them. 1771Beattie Minstr. i. xxxv, Where Fays of yore their revels wont to keep. 1837Wordsw. Cuckoo at Laverna 60 With beast and bird..He wont to hold companionship so free. a1851Moir Sonn., Scottish Sabbath v, With those he loved..He wont on Sabbath morn to cross the plain!
transf.1599Thynne Animadv. Ded. (1875) 2 Not degeneratinge from youre former curtesye wontinge to accompanye all youre actions. 1640R. Baillie Canterb. Self-convict. Pref. 13 England wont not..to bee so scant of faithfull witnesses. 1726Pope Odyss. xix. 11 His arms deform the roof they wont adorn. 1833Chalmers Const. Man (1835) II. vii. 46 In as far as this wont to consist of potatoes or grain. 1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan 43 He never can Bring back the glory that wont to be. 1885–94R. Bridges Eros & Psyche Sept. 12 The merry pipe, That wont to cheer the harvesting, is mute.
b. absol. (without inf.)
1585Lambarde in Camden's Lett. (1691) 28 Sorrowing that I may not now, as I wonted, dwell in the meditation of the same things. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. xi. 26 The villein turn'd his face, (As wonts the Tartar..When as the Russian him in fight does chace). 1590Shakes. Com. Err. iv. iv. 40, I beare it on my shoulders, as a begger woont her brat. 1593Nashe Christ's T. 28 The Earth left to be so fruitfull as it wont. 1594R. C[arew] Godfrey of Bvlloigne (1881) 109 And with a semblant braue and nobellest, (As lightning wonts) he in his armour shines. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. i. Eden 461 Ile not exact hard fines (as men shall woont). 1836Ruskin Marcolini ii. iii. Wks. 1903 II. 494 Peace, he is here—Lo you, he comes not forward as he wont.
†4. To dwell habitually, have its habitat. Obs.
1692R. L'Estrange Fables i. clxvii. 140 The Kingfisher is a Solitary Bird, that Wonts commonly by the Water-side.
▪ III. wont, pa. pple. and ppl. a.
(wəʊnt; also (now chiefly U.S.) wʌnt)
Forms: α. 1 ᵹewunod, -ad, -ed, 2–3 iwuned, 2–5 iwoned, 3–4 ywoned, 4–5 ywond(e (5 i-, ywonyd); 3 wuned, 4 wonde, 4–5 woned, -yd, 5 woond, 7 won'd, wond, wouned. β. 3 iwunet, iwonet, 4–5 iwont (4 iwonte, ywont, 5 ywonet); 4–6 wunt, wount, wonte, (4 wonnt, wonþ, Sc. vont, 4–5 wnt, 5 won(n)et, w(o)unte, 6 wante), 5–7 woont(e, 4– wont.
[OE. ᵹewunod, pa. pple. of ᵹewunian won v.]
A. pa. pple.
†1. Accustomed, used to, familiar with (a thing, practice, or condition). Obs.
c888ælfred Boeth. i, His mod..to þam woruldsælþum ᵹewunod wæs. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 278 Næs þæt Israhela folc ᵹewunod to hreawum flæsce. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 181 Ac hwanne hit [sc. the child] beð þarto wuned, hit wepeð þe lasse. a1300Cursor M. 28462 Til tauerne huse my-seluen was wont. c1374Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. iv. (1868) 128 Þei han hire eyen so wont to derkenesse of erþely þinges. c1386― Clerk's T. 283 She neuere was to swiche gestes woned. a1400Theophilus xxi. in Engl. Studien XXXII. 8 For I was wont to noble fare Among prynces of londes. c1450Holland Howlat 164 Cardinalis..With red hattis on hed, in haile takynning Off that deir dignite, with worschipe ay wont. c1520Barclay Jugurth lvii. 83 From his youth he was euer wont with hardnesse, hunger, thyrst, and labour.
2. (a) Conjugated with the verb ‘to be’, and const. inf. (with or less freq. without to): Accustomed, used; in the habit of (doing something).
αc1175Lamb. Hom. 143 Vre drihten wile cumen..and wile for-berne alle his fon and heom þet beoð iwunede uuel to done. c1200Ormin 12695 ær wass he wunedd offte To cumenn till þe flumm till himm. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1431 Gwider vr king of þis lond is truage athuld sone Of rome þat is eldore were iwoned [v.rr. ywond, ywonte, wonnte, wonte] to done. 13..Sir Beues (A.) 3776 Whan wer we woned be by-hinde? 1340Ayenb. 106 Al þet me wes ywoned byuore to louie. c1384Chaucer H. Fame iii. 486 His clarioun..With which he wonde is to hiraude Hem that me list preised be. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. vii. 143 Among wyues and wodewes ich am ywoned [v.rr. wonet to, wont to] sitte Yparroked in puwes. c1450Godstow Reg. 106 Iohn Waleys and Alice his wyf..quyteclaymed..ij. d. of yerely rente, the which they were I-wonyd to haue. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 111/1 Lyke as he was woond to telle and reherce. 1489― Faytes of A. iii. xiii. 196 Of suche thynges men are woned to vse.
βa1240Sawles Warde in O.E. Hom. I. 257 Ant al þat hird þat ha wes i wunet to dreaien efter hire. c1290Beket 247 in S. Eng. Leg. 113 With more nobleie he rod i-nouȝ þane he was i-wonet to do. a1300Cursor M. 3922 A godd..Þe quilk þat he was wonnt anure. Ibid. 4452 To comforth þam wel was he wont. Ibid. 28223 My breth it wald be til vnhoue Þat many man was wonto droue. 13..Bonaventura's Medit. 975 Sone, y was wunt þe swetly to wrappe. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 220 That folk, that euir wes fre, And in fredome wount for to be. c1440Alphabet of Tales 292 He forgatt hur,..nor did hur nott wurshup as he was wunte to doo. a1450Myrc Par. Pr. 1353 Art þow I-wont at lychwake Any pleyes for to make? c1470Stonor Papers (Camden) I. 110 Servantes be not so delygent as þei were wonto bee. c1520Skelton Magnyf. 1890 He was wonte to boste, brage, and to brace. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. i. 16 Ay wont in desert darknesse to remaine. 1664Butler Hud. ii. iii. 599 Your Ancient Conjurers were wont To make her from her Sphere dismount. 1741–2Gray Agrip. 108 Legions, wont to stem With stubborn nerves the tide. 1810Scott Lady of L. vi. xxiv, The lark was wont my matins ring. 1814Jane Austen Mansf. Park xli, He might have more good qualities than she had been wont to suppose. 1850Tennyson In Mem. viii, Every pleasant spot In which we two were wont to meet. 1869H. F. Tozer Highl. Turkey II. 350 The poet is wont to ignore the rivers when it suits his convenience to do so.
(b) predicated of things.
a1200Moral Ode 57 Vre swinc and ure tilþe is ofte iwoned [v.rr. iwuned, wuned] to swinden. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 914 And so, grete tempest secede al, Þat on þeyr frutys was wnt to fal. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 85 Parthia..was i-woned to conteyne al þe lond of foure contrees, of Assyria, of Media, of Persida, and of Carmania. c1400Mandeville i. (1919) I. 5 Constantynoble þat was wont to be clept Bezanzon. 1444Rolls of Parlt. V. 114/1 Al manere of Wynes..were woned and used to pass through a vessell. 1566S'hampton Crt. Leet Rec. (1905) I. i. 44 Where the Backe was wante to stonde. 1647in Verney Mem. (1907) I. 359 The longer your letters were the more they were woont to please mee. 1667Milton P.L. v. 123 Those looks That wont to be more chearful and serene. 1794Paley Evid. iii. viii. (1817) 373 The prejudices which are wont to arise in our minds. 1875Whitney Life Lang. vii. 127 Such a distinction is wont to be termed ‘inorganic’.
b. Conjugated with the verb ‘to have’: in had wont, had been accustomed. Now rare.
1594O. B. Quest. Profit. Concern. 15 b, One of his good dames..who had wont to bestow the best roome..in her house on him. 1606G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Ivstine xliv. 137 A narrow path, where cattel had wont to go through. 1655tr. Sorel's Com. Hist. Francion i. 16 My Couch had wont to be upon curious Satin Quilts. 1682Bunyan Holy War 239 The love-feasts that had wont to be between their Prince and them. 1870J. Bruce Life of Gideon vii. 120 He who had wont to come to the patriarchs..had actually come to him.
c. without inf.
c1000ælfric Hom. II. 138 Þes..halᵹa wer wæs ᵹewunod þæt he wolde gan on niht to sæ. a1300Cursor M. 3520 Esau went for till hunt, A day, sum he was oft wunt. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints x. (Mathou) 68 Þai cuth..Ger serpentis strik men ful sare, As befor-tyme wechis vont ware. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 321 Ȝif lif of þise newe ordris be more medeful þen mannes lif was woned. c1470Henry Wallace xi. 349 Inglismen thocht he tuk mar boundandly Than he was wount at ony tym befor. 1535Coverdale Ps. cxviii[i]. 149 Quycken me acordinge as thou art wont. 1656Earl of Monmouth tr. Boccalini's Advts. fr. Parnass. ii. xv. (1674) 164 He found her not to have that Grace and Majesty which she had wont. 1719Young Revenge v. i, He fought as he was wont, and four he slew. 1812Cary Dante, Parad. xvii. 52 The common cry, Will, as 'tis ever wont, affix the blame Unto the party injur'd. 1848Dickens Dombey xli, All is going on as it was wont.
†B. ppl. a. = wonted B. Obs.
1382Wyclif Jer. xlviii. 33 The tredere of the grape the wont myrie song shal not synge. 14..Hoccleve Min. Poems 70/107 Lady! Of thy wont bontee, keepe alway the cours! c1450tr. De Imitatione iii. vii. 73 Þou..turnest anoon ayen to þe wont iapes of þyne herte. 1535Joye Apol. Tindale (Arb.) 17 Aftir his wont disdaynful maner. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. iii. 1 So comes it now to Florimell by tourne,..To tast of ioy, and to wont pleasures to retourne.
b. ought and wont (Sc.): due and customary. (Cf. used and wont s.v. used ppl. a. 2 b.)
c1450Godstow Reg. 258 Yeldyng therof yerely to the chief lordis dewe and woned rentis. 1477in Exch. Rolls Scot. IX. 102 All uthir dew service aucht and wount. 1535Reg. Privy Seal Scot. II. 261/2 With uther service and dewiteis aucht and wonit alanerlie.
▪ IV. wont
see want, ween v. |