| 释义 |
vengeance, n., adv., and a.|ˈvɛndʒəns|
Forms: α. 4 veniance, -iaunce, -y(e)aunce, 4–5 venieaunce, 5 veniauns, -iawnce, weniaunce; 4 veniounse, 5 venions. β. 4 vengaunse, 4–6 -aunce, 4–5 -ance, -ans; 4 vengiaunce, 5 -anse, 6 -ans; 4 vengeans, 4–6 -aunce, 4– vengeance (7 veng'ance), 6 vengence; 4 wengans, -anz, -aunce, -eans, -eance, 4, 6 Sc., wengance, 6 Sc. wengence.
[a. AF. veniaunce, -ance, veng(e)aunce, -ance, = OF. and F. vengeance (It. vengianza, Sp. venganza, Pg. vinganza), f. venger venge v.]
1. The act of avenging oneself or another; retributive infliction of injury or punishment; hurt or harm done from vindictive motives.
a1300Cursor M. 827 Son bigan wenganz to kiþe. Ibid. 13184 But þis ded was sald ful dere,..Wit a greithful soth vengeance. c1315Shoreham iii. 248 He þat spilleþ mannes lyf, Veniounse hyt schel acwyte. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 149 Þis is noo good praier, but more axinge of Goddis venjaunce. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 37 She tolde..that it was the uengeaunce of God that fell on her, the whiche she had welle deserued. 1474Caxton Chesse ii. iv. (1883) 53 For hit is the most hyest and fayr vengeance that a man may doo. 1535Coverdale Ps. xciii. 1 Thou God to whom vengeaunce belongeth, shewe thy self. 1592Kyd Murther I. Brewen Wks. (1901) 287 The blood of the iust Abel cried..for vengeance and reuenge on the murderer. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 156 Diuine mercie..remoued the Christians to Pella out of the danger, that without any impediment the floud-gates of vengeance might bee set wide open for Desolations black-guard to enter. 1667Milton P.L. i. 170 But see the angry Victor hath recall'd His Ministers of vengeance and pursuit Back to the Gates of Heav'n. 1757Gray Bard 96 Stamp we our vengeance deep, and ratify his doom. 1769Junius Lett. xv. (1788) 92 The injuries you have done..demand not only redress, but vengeance. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville III. 67 Alarm signals, to arouse the country and collect the scattered bands for vengeance. 1891Farrar Darkn. & Dawn xxv, That in some way she regarded Britannicus..as the ultimate resource of her vengeance and despair.
b. In the phrase to take (also † nim) vengeance.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6859 Þe king..suor he nolde abide, Þat he nolde uerst nyme vengaunce in is side. a1300Cursor M. 6094 Þair goddes i me on wil wrake, O þam mi wengeance sal i take. c1386Chaucer Melib. ⁋ 49 Savinge your grace, I can nat seen that it mighte greetly harme me though I toke vengeaunce. c1400Rom. Rose 5780 God can wel vengeaunce therof take. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xii. 51 In taken of þe vengeaunce þat Godd tuke on þa fyue citeez. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. (Rolls) 106 He receyved him with grete worchip, took veniauns on his enimes. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ii. 59 Vengance we sholde take therof. 1526Tindale Rom. xiii. 4 To take vengeaunce on them that do evyll. 1611Shakes. Cymb. v. i. 8 Gods, if you Should haue 'tane vengeance on my faults, I neuer Had liu'd to put on this. 1727Bailey (vol. II), Avenger, one who takes Vengeance on an Offender. 1808Scott Marm. ii. xxxi, Full soon such vengeance will he take, That [etc.]. 1847S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. 17 The strong city of Pavia, on which cruel vengeance was taken for the resistance it had made.
c. Personified or otherwise regarded as an entity.
1602Shakes. Ham. ii. ii. 510 Arowsed Vengeance sets him new a-worke. 1642D. Rogers Naaman 39 Left to conflict nakedly with hell and vengeance, till it carry them away quicke. 1721Young Revenge ii. i, Vengeance is still alive; from her dark covert..She stalks in view. 1799Campbell Pleas. Hope i. 395 Where was thine arm, O Vengeance! a1839Praed Red Fisherman, Look how the fearful felon gazes On the scaffold his country's vengeance raises. 1891Marie A. Brown tr. Runeberg's Nadeschda 67 Then saw I vengeance beckon, it lit my path In years of woe.
2. With a and pl. An act or instance of retributive or vindictive punishment. (Also as in 1 c.)
a1300Cursor M. 1592 For-þi in forme of iugement He thoght a neu wengaunce to sent. c1400Sowdone Bab. 14 For the offences to God i-doon Many vengeaunces haue be⁓falle. c1440Jacob's Well 41 Foure vengaunces comyn to man here in erthe for fals tythyng. c1480Henryson Fables, Wolf & Lamb xxi, It cryis ane vengeance vnto the heuinnis hie. 1659Hammond On Ps. cix. 6–10 Sad executions, judgments, and vengeances. a1704T. Brown Sat. agst. Woman Wks. 1730 I. 56 He falls a willing pris'ner to her arms, There meets a veng'ance of ne'er-ending harms. 1718Pope Iliad xiii. 832 With his full strength he bent his angry bow, And wing'd the feather'd vengeance at the foe. 1728P. Walker Life Peden (1901) I. 155 Hasty marriages are sudden vengeances. 1791Burke App. Whigs Wks. VI. 220 Taking..a cruel vengeance on these deluded wretches. 1838Thirlwall Greece xxxi. IV. 201 Thrasybulus..animated his men by..the prospect of a just vengeance. 1873R. Broughton Nancy I. 45, I am planning five distinct and lengthy vengeances against Bobby.
b. In imprecations, usually with on. Also rarely without article. Obs. or arch.
a1500Chester Pl. xiii. 164 Must we afore the pharisies appeare? A vengeance on them, far and neere! 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 178 A vengeance on that lame iade. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. ii. iii. 21 A veng'ance on't, there 'tis. 1604[? Chettle] Wit of Woman G 4 b, A vengeance pepper such braines, as cannot beare one draught of Ipocras. 1814Scott Wav. xxx, D'ye think the lads..will care for..yer stool o' repentance? Vengeance on the black face o't!
c. A person of a violent temper.
1711–2Swift Jrnl. to Stella 21 Mar., The D― he is! married to that vengeance!.. Who would have her?
3. Used to strengthen interrogations. ? Obs.
1598R. Bernard tr. Terence (1607) 167 Thr. Where are the other? San. What other in a vengeance. 1607Shakes. Cor. iii. i. 262, I would they were in Tyber. What the vengeance, could he not speake 'em faire? 1620Frier Rush 28 His wife..said vnto him: what a vengance needest thou to take a seruant? 1663Butler Hud. i. iii. 213 But what a-vengeance makes thee fly From me too, as thine Enemy? a1779D. Graham Writings (1883) II. 40 What the vengeance uncle, sudna fouks die when they're auld? 1828Scott F.M. Perth vi, Art thou beside thyself, boy? or what a vengeance takes thee from the city, like the wing of the whirlwind?
4. with a vengeance:
†a. With a curse or malediction. Obs.
1525W. Smith Merry Iests Widow Edyth (1573) D j b, In she goth,..And came out agayne, saying wt a vengeaunce: They must go by water. 1581Hanmer Jesuites Banner E 2 b, Let such then goe with a vengeaunce, and leaue those toyes for Poets to prate of and let them preach better stuffe vnto the people. 1598R. Bernard tr. Terence, Andria ii. i, Abi hinc in malam crucem. Away with a vengeance: get thee hence with a mischiefe: goe hence with sorrow enough. 1635R. N. tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. iv. 493 The Queene..waxing impatient gave him [Essex] a cuffe on the eare and bade him be gone with a vengeance. 1673Vinegar & Mustard (Hindley) III. 8 You are land-sick now, and not sea-sick, with a vengeance to you for me. 1836Carlyle in Froude Life in London I. 70 Why not quit literature—with a vengeance to it—and turn, were it even to sheep herding?
b. As an intensive: With great force or violence; in an extreme degree; to an unusual extent.
1568V. Skinner tr. Montanus' Inquisition 24 b, He shall come downe with a vengeaunce. 1594Greene & Lodge Looking Gl. i. ii. 236 A plaister..that mends him with a verie vengeance. 1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girle M j, Are you too well, too happy? Alex. With a vengeance. 1654H. L'Estrange Chas. I (1655) 88 The furious multitude..struck him down, and malled him with a vengeance. 1673[R. Leigh] Transp. Reh. 63 Accordingly he lays it on with a vengeance. 1711‘J. Distaff’ Char. Don Sacheverellio 6 This..is proving the..Existence of Gyants..with a Vengeance. 1761Foote Liar ii. Wks. 1799 I. 293 His friends..gloss over his foible, by calling him an agreeable novelist: and so he is, with a vengeance. 1834L. Ritchie Wand. by Seine 94 Some readers will think that we are drawing our traveller's bow with a vengeance. 1867M. Arnold Celtic Lit. 29 Here, at any rate, are materials enough with a vengeance.
†c. So with the vengeance. Obs.—1
1693Humours Town 29 This is following the Dictates of Reason with the vengeance.
†5. As adv.
a. Extremely, intensely. Obs.
1548[L. Shepherd] John Bon & Mast person (1808) 5 Is not here a mischeuous thynge? The Messe is vengaunce holye for all ther sayeinge. 1566Pasquine in Traunce 41, I remember that disputation. It is vengeaunce subtile. Ibid. 44 They were also vengeance angry against the Pope. 1607Shakes. Cor. ii. ii. 6 That's a braue fellow: but hee's vengeance prowd. a1616Beaum. & Fl. Little Fr. Lawyer ii. i, How it grumbles! This Sword is vengeance angry. 1710–11Swift Jrnl. to Stella 21 Jan., It has snowed terribly all night, and is vengeance cold.
†b. Not at all, never. Obs.
1556J. Heywood Spider & Fly xxxix. 7 Vengeance the whit I am for their woordes the nere.
†6. As adj. Very great or large. Obs.—1
1602W. Fulbecke 2nd Pt. Parall. Introd. 4, I bought the booke..because it was in English: yet there is a vengeance deale of Latin in it.
7. attrib. and Comb., as vengeance-cryer, vengeance-crying, vengeance-oath, vengeance-scathed, vengeance-sword, vengeance-taking.
c1386Chaucer Melib. ⁋65 For al-be-it so that alle tarying be anoyful, algates it is nat to repreve in yevinge of Iugement, ne in vengeance-taking, whan it is suffisant and resonable. c1515Cocke Lorell's B. 11 Cursers, chyders, and grete vengeaunce cryers. 1608Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. Schisme 1061 Lord, sheath again thy vengeance-sword a space. 1617A. Newman Pleas. Vis. 15 Haples wretches, with the memory Tortur'd of woe, and vengeance-crying Sins. 1838S. Bellamy Betrayal 43 When o'erthrown In first rebellion, vengeance-scathed he fled. 1844Mrs. Browning Duchess May xxviii, Thou and I have parted troth,—yet I keep my vengeance-oath.
Hence † ˈvengeancely adv.; † ˈvengeancer.
c1440Promp. Parv. 508/2 Veniawncere,..vendicator, ultor, vindex. c1622Fletcher Prophetess i. iii, Yet I could poyson him in a Pot of Perry, He loves that veng'ancely. |