| 释义 |
hexa-|hɛksə|
before a vowel hex-, combining form of Gr. ἕξ six, freely used in Greek, and forming the initial element in various modern technical words, some adopted from Greek, others formed from Greek elements or on Greek analogies. In Chem. it indicates the presence of six atoms of some element, as in hexacarbon, hexacompound (see below), hexabromide, hexachloride, etc. hexabasic |-ˈbeɪsɪk| a. Chem., having six atoms of a base, or of replaceable hydrogen; ˈhexacanth, hexaˈcanthous adjs. Biol. [Gr. ἄκανθα thorn], having six spines, rays, or hooks; hexaˈcapsular a. Bot., having six capsules; hexaˈcarbon a. Chem., containing six atoms of carbon: cf. hexane; ‖ hexace |ˈhɛksəsiː| Cryst. [Gr. ἀκή point], the summit of a polyhedron formed by the concurrence of six faces; hexaceto- Chem., in combination, containing six molecules of acetic acid or acetyl; ˌhexachlor(o)ˈbenzene, C6Cl6, an agricultural fungicide used as a seed-dressing; ˌhexachlor(o)cycloˈhexane = benzene hexachloride; ˌhexachlor(o)ˈethane |-klɔərəʊˈiːθeɪn, -klɔərˈiːθeɪn|, a toxic crystalline compound, Cl3C·CCl3, having uses as an insecticide and anthelmintic and as an ingredient in smoke-producing mixtures; hexaˈchlorophane, -phene, a diphenylmethane derivative, CH2(C6HCl3OH)2, a white crystalline powder used as a disinfectant, esp. for the skin; hexachætous |hɛksəˈkiːtəs| a. Entom. [Gr. χαίτη long loose flowing hair], pertaining to the Hexachætæ, a division of the brachycerous Diptera, containing those two-winged flies which have a proboscis composed of six pieces; heˈxachronous a. Pros. [Gr. χρόνος time], consisting of six moræ; hexasemic; hexaˈcolic a. Pros. [Gr. κῶλον colon2], consisting of six cola; hexa-compound, a chemical compound of the hexacarbon series: see hexane; hexacoˈrallan, -ˈcoralline Zool. a. [coral], pertaining to the Hexacoralla, a chief division of the Coralligena or corals in which the fundamental number of intermesenteric chambers of the body cavity and of the tentacles is six; n., one of these corals; ˈhexact a. and n. = hexactine; heˈxactinal, -acˈtinal a. = hexactine adj.; heˈxactine a. Zool. [Gr. ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν-ος ray], having six rays, as a sponge-spicule; also as n., a sponge-spicule having six rays; hexactiˈnellidan a. Zool. = hexactinellid a.; hexacˈtinian a. Zool. [as prec.], pertaining to the Hexactiniæ, a group of Actiniaria having septa in pairs, in number six or a multiple of six; hexaˈcyclic a. Bot. [Gr. κύκλος circle], applied to flowers having six divisions of the floral cycle; hexadacˈtylic a., hexaˈdactylous a. Anat. [Gr. δάκτυλ-ος finger, toe], having six fingers or six toes; so hexaˈdactylism, hexadactylous condition; hexaˈdecanol = cetyl alcohol; ˌhexadeceˈnoic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, C16H30O2, occurring naturally in several isomeric forms one of which is widespread in many animal and vegetable fats and oils; it has also been known as palmitoleic, physetoleic, and zoomaric acid; ˈhexadrachm Numism. [drachm], a coin of the value of six drachmas; hexaˈethyl tetraˈphosphate |hɛksəˈɛθɪl|, a viscous brownish liquid capable of irreversibly inhibiting mammalian cholinesterase; orig. used to designate an insecticide later found to be a mixture of organic phosphates containing tetraethyl pyrophosphate as the chief active ingredient; ˈhexafoil [foil n.1], a pattern having six leaf-like divisions or lobes; ˈhexaglot a. [Gr. γλῶττα tongue], written or composed in six languages; hexaˈhydrate, a hydrate that contains six molecules of water; so hexahyˈdrated a.; hexaˈhydric a., containing six hydroxyl groups in a molecule; hexa-ˈicosane Chem., one of the higher paraffins, C26H54; heˈxaldehyde Chem. = caproic or hexyl aldehyde, C6H12O; heˈxalogy [see -logy], a treatise on six subjects; ˈhexamer Chem. [-mer], a polymeric unit or molecule made up of six monomers; hexaˈmeric a. Chem., consisting of a hexamer; heˈxamerous a. Biol. [Gr. µέρος part], having members in groups of six, or multiples of six; hence heˈxamerism; ˌhexametaˈphosphate, a phosphate regarded as being a salt of hexametaphosphoric acid, (HPO3)6; used loosely to designate a glassy, water-soluble sodium salt (also known as Graham's salt) having an approximate empirical formula Na2O·P2O5 and used industrially to soften water; hexameˈthonium, a quaternary ammonium ion, [(CH3)3N(CH2)6N(CH3)3]++; also, any of the salts of this ion, some of which have been used as ganglionic blocking drugs in the treatment of severe hypertension; hexaˈmethylene, cyclohexane; hexamethylenediamine |-daɪˈæmiːn|, a white crystalline solid, H2N(CH2)6NH2, used in the manufacture of nylon; hexaˌmethyleneˈtetramine, a colourless crystalline compound, (CH2)6N4, having various industrial uses, esp. in the manufacture of phenol-formaldehyde resins and in many antiseptic preparations; ˈhexamine = hexamethylenetetramine; hexaˈnemous a. Zool. [Gr. νῆµα thread], having six threads (see quot.); hexaˈpartite a. [L. partītus divided], divided into six parts; hexaˈpetaloid a. Bot. [see petal n. and -oid], having six divisions which have the appearance of petals; so hexapetaˈloideous a. (see quots.); hexaˈpetalous a. Bot. [petal], having six petals; hexaˈphyllous a. Bot. [Gr. ϕύλλον leaf], applied to a calyx having six sepals or to a leaf consisting of six leaflets; hexaˈprostyle a. Arch. [prostyle], having a portico of six columns in front: cf. hexastyle; heˈxapterous a. [Gr. πτερόν wing], provided with six wings or wing-like appendages; ˈhexaptote [Gr. πτωτός, from πτῶσις case], ‘a noun declined with six cases’ (Phillips 1658); ˈhexarch a. Bot., having six rays, formed from six points of origin, as in some vascular bundles; ˈhexarchy [Gr. -αρχία rule], a group of six states; hexasemic |-ˈsiːmɪk| a. Pros. [Gr. ἑξάσηµος], containing six units of time or moræ; hexaˈsepalous a. Bot. [sepal], having six sepals; ˈhexasome Biol., a set of six homologous chromosomes; so hexaˈsomic a., having six of one or more chromosomes in a nucleus that is not hexaploid; hexaˈspermous a. Bot. [Gr. σπέρµα seed], six-seeded (Mayne Expos. Lex. 1854); hexaˈstemonous a. Bot. [Gr. στήµων stamen], having six stamens (Mayne); hexaster |-ˈæstə(r)| Zool. [Gr. ἀστήρ star], in sponges, a star or stellate spicule with six (usually equal) rays; hexasterophorous |-æstəˈrɒfərəs| a. Zool. [Gr. -ϕορος bearing], provided with hexasters, as the tribe Hexasterophora of silicious sponges; heˈxastichous a. Bot. [cf. hexastich], arranged in six rows (Mayne 1854); hexastigm [Gr. στίγµα prick, mark], a figure determined by six points: cf. hexagram; hexasyˈllabic a. [Gr. ἑξασύλλαβος: see syllabic], consisting of six syllables; hexatetraˈhedron = hexakistetrahedron.
1878Kingzett Anim. Chem. 101 Stadeler..constructed upon them the theory of bilirubin as a *hexabasic acid.
1880W. A. Miller's Elem. Chem. iii. i. (ed. 6) 300 The *hexabromide C6H6Br6 can readily be obtained.
1870Rolleston Anim. Life 251 The..*hexacanth embryo..has become greatly distended. 1897Allbutt Syst. Med. II. 1008 The embryo of the cestodes is provided with six hooklets (hence the term ‘hexacanth’).
1854Mayne Expos. Lex., Hexacanthus..having six rays..six-rayed: *hexa⁓canthous.
1775Ash, *Hexacapsular, having six seed vessels.
1866Odling Anim. Chem. 109 *Hexacarbon compounds such as amido-caproic acid or leucine.
1886Syd. Soc. Lex., *Hexacetodextrin, a substance obtained when starch is heated to 160° C. with acetic anhydride.
1885I. Remsen Introd. Org. Chem. 253 As the final products, *hexa-chlor-benzene, C6Cl6, and hexa-brom-benzene C6Br6 are obtained. 1961Lancet 22 July 176/2 Recently, several thousand cases of human porphyria have been seen in Turkey after the consumption of wheat containing 0·1–0·2% of hexachlorobenzene.
1908Chem. Abstr. II. 793 *Hexachlorcyclohexanes.—On continuing the action of chlorine in the sunlight, a viscous liquid is obtained. 1945R. E. Slade Gamma Isomer of Hexachlorocyclohexane (‘Gammexane’) 11 The hexachlorocyclohexanes possess considerable chemical stability.
1898Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXIV. i. 626 When a current of chlorine is passed into a mixture of pentachlorethane and aluminium chloride heated at 100°, *hexachlorethane is obtained. 1936Discovery Aug. 255/2 A new way of killing mosquitoes..involves the use of hexachloroethane. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 16 Feb. 109 (Advt.), In the Nicholas Liver Fluke Drench, hexachloroethane particles are suspended in a free-flowing liquid and this ensures accurate dosing. Result: greater fluke kill than ever before!
1880E. Cleminshaw Wurtz' Atom. The. 233 The *hexachloride of ruthenium is unknown.
1960Which? Feb. 32/2 One can attempt to prevent the sweat from decomposing by using an antiseptic, such as *hexachlorophane.
1948Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 14 Feb. 471/2 The Council [on Pharmacy and Chemistry] considered the proposal of a pharmaceutical manufacturer for the use of the term *hexachlorophene as a generic designation for bis(2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trichlorophenyl) methane... The Council voted to recognize hexachlorophene as the generic, or common, designation. 1953Jrnl. Parasitol. XXXIX. 79 Hexachlorophene..is effective in removing Raillietina cesticillus from chickens.
1866Odling Anim. Chem. 66 *Hexa⁓compounds, including caproic acid, leucine, and grape sugar.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. 165 Another tabulate coral, Pocillopora, is a true *Hexacorallan.
1886R. von Lendenfeld in Proc. Zool. Soc. 590 The Recent Families of Sponges... With *hexact spicules and thimble-shaped chambers. 1887tr. F. E. Schulze in Challenger Rep., Zool. XXI. 29 Regular Hexacts are all spicules in which the rays lie at right angles to one another, and are of equal length and similar form. 1940L. H. Hyman Invertebrates I. vi. 327 They [sc. triacts] may show their origin from a hexact by the presence near the middle of knobs or branches of the axial fibre.
1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 417 Modifications of the triaxon *hexactine type. 1900E. A. Minchin in E. R. Lankester Treat. Zool. II. iii. 117 One or more rays of the *hexactine..may become modified in various ways. 1940L. H. Hyman Invertebrates I. vi. 327 The basic regular hexactine consists of three axes crossing at right angles, forming six rays of approximately equal length.
1887tr. F. E. Schulze in Challenger Rep., Zool. XXI. 37 Certain *Hexactinellidan families have typical and regular Uncinata, while in others they are absent.
1877Athenæum 1 Dec. 703/1 Of *hexactinian corals.
1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 554 Polycarpæ. Flowers pentacyclic or *hexacyclic.
1880Proctor Rough Ways 213 The descendants of four grandparents of whom one only was *hexadactylic.
1828Webster, *Hexadactylous, having six toes.
1914Jrnl. Chem. Soc. CV. ii. 2251 Acetate of l-γ-*Hexadecanol, C2H5·CH(O·CO·CH3)·C13H27. 1964Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. II. 177 The higher aliphatic alcohols of the wax esters [found in fish lipids] usually contain hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol) and octadec-9-enol (oleyl alcohol) as main components.
1901Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXX. i. 252 The product was found to yield a *hexadecenoic acid, C16H30O2, melting at 36°, when fused with potassium hydroxide. 1948A. W. Ralston Fatty Acids ii. 98 The fats of fresh water fish contain somewhat less 9-hexadecenoic acid than those of marine origin.
1807Robinson Archæol. Græca v. xxvi. 548 Pentadrachms and *hexadrachms.
1946Jrnl. Econ. Ent. XXXIX. 812/1 *Hexaethyl tetraphosphate merits considerable attention as a commercial control for numerous insects causing serious damage to agricultural and garden crops. 1951A. W. Johnson et al. in E. H. Rodd Chem. Carbon Compounds Ia. iv. 342 A mixture of phosphates, known commercially as ‘hexaethyl tetraphosphate’, is formed when POCl3 reacts with triethyl orthophosphate or with ethanol. 1965A. & E. F. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics (ed. 6) xxxi. 823 Hexaethyltetraphosphate..is highly toxic, exerting a potent anticholinesterase action.
1862S. Kens. Spec. Exhib. vi. 58 A vertical central stem rising from a wide *hexafoil⁓shaped base. 1895Athenæum 13 Apr. 480/3 A small mediæval paten..sunk in hexafoil.
1882–3Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 2299 The *hexaglot edition of the Psalter published at Rostock, 1643.
1867W. A. Miller Chem. (ed. 4) III. 325 *Hexaglyceric bromhydrin.
1908H. C. Cooper tr. Holleman's Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 487 Two *hexahydrates of chromic chloride, CrCl3·6H2O, are known. 1951C. Palache et al. Dana's Syst. Min. (ed. 7) II. 493 [Pentahydrite is] obtained in crystals together with the hexahydrate and tetrahydrate by evaporation..of a solution of magnesium sulfate.
1880G. Lunge Sulphuric Acid II. iii. i. 277 (heading) *Hexahydrated salt has been obtained by Mitscherlich from a solution of Na2S in the air. 1951C. Palache et al. Dana's Syst. Min. (ed. 7) II. 493 The minerals of this group..are isostructural with the monoclinic artificial hexahydrated sulfates and selenates of Mg, Co, Ni, and Zn.
1885Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XLVIII. ii. 1046 (heading) Reduction in *hexahydric alcohols. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xvi. 315 The product, sorbitol, is a hexahydric alcohol (one of the ‘sugar alcohols’), which occurs naturally in many fruits.
1889Watts' Dict. Chem., *Hexa-Icosane..a soft waxy substance found among the products of the distillation of cerotic acid.
1880Miller's Elem. Chem. III. 751 Normal primary *hexaldehyde..obtained by the distillation of a mixture of calcic normal hexylate and calcic formate.
1881Athenæum 22 Jan. 134/3 Mr Scott's *hexalogy closes with what we may call a satiric chapter on cubic determinants.
1953R. G. R. Bacon in E. H. Rodd Chem. Carbon Compounds IIa. xi. 403 A mixture of polymers..was separated, by means of a molecular still, into fractions ranging from trimers to *hexamers. 1969Nature 1 Nov. 493/2 The insulin hexamer..is a compact, oblate spheroid, formed by the coordination of three insulin dimers around the two zinc ions.
1940Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 1169 The trimeric, tetrameric, and pentameric portions of the polymeride have been separated from one another by molecular distillation, leaving as residue a highly viscous liquid of mainly *hexameric complexity.
1903Science 17 July 80/2 In some species [of corals] the *hexamerism becomes much obscured in later stages, while in others it is more or less distinctly preserved.
1877T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebr. Animals iii. 159 The finally *hexamerous Anthozoon passes through a tetramerous and an octomerous stage. 1905I. B. Balfour tr. Goebel's Organogr. Plants II. 538 The first flowers of some Caryophylleae are hexamerous. 1940L. H. Hyman Invertebrates I. vii. 579 In typical hexamerous anemones, the number of pairs of septa in the various cycles is then: 6 (primaries), 6, 12, 24, 48, etc.
1891W. Ramsay Syst. Inorg. Chem. xxiii. 370 *Hexametaphosphates.—These are the salts prepared by the usual methods from ordinary metaphosphoric acid. 1892Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXII. ii. 1050 The uncrystallisable hexametaphosphates, Na6(PO3)6 and Ag6(PO3)6, are obtained from Graham's soluble sodium metaphosphate.., which is a mixture of the foregoing sodium salt with several other hexametaphosphates. 1963A. J. Hall Textile Sci. vi. 292 Important sequestering agents..include sodium pyrophosphate Na4P2O7, and especially hexametaphosphate (NaPO3)6.
1949Jrnl. Pharmacy & Pharmacol. I. 603 An antidote exists for decamethonium iodide in *hexamethonium iodide..and..this substance has been suggested for use in hypertension and vascular diseases. 1964S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xxi. 300 The operation is most conveniently done under basal anæsthesia, and the systemic administration of sympatholytic drugs such as hexamethonium may be of value in relieving congestion by lowering the general blood pressure.
1887Abstr. Proc. Chem. Soc. III. 96 Hitherto all attempts to synthesise *hexamethylene-derivatives have been unsuccessful. 1909C. A. Keane Mod. Org. Chem. v. 64 The six carbon atom analogue of these alicyclic compounds is hexamethylene, C6H12.
1894Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXVI. i. 410 *Hexamethylenediamine nitrite. 1896Ibid. LXX. i. 464 Hexamethylenediamine, C6H12(NH2)2, melts at 40° and boils at 192–195°. 1962J. K. Stille Introd. Polymer Chem. vi. 93 Nylon 66 is formed from the reaction of adipic acid (a six-carbon dibasic acid) and hexamethylenediamine (a six-carbon diamine).
1888Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LIV. 1268 A well-cooled solution of *hexamethylenetetramine. 1940Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) IV. 27/2 The inodorous solid product, hexamethylenetetramine, C6H12N4 (hexamine, urotropine), is a serviceable antiseptic in cystic affections, and is administered to typhoid ‘carriers’ to destroy the bacilli of the disease in the urine. 1961Encycl. Brit. IX. 524/1 Nitration of hexamethylenetetramine gives the explosive, RDX.
1914Brit. Pharmacopœia 171 *Hexamine may be obtained by the interaction of ammonia with formic aldehyde. 1956Ld. Amulree in A. Pryce-Jones New Outl. Mod. Knowl. 222 Others have used hexamine with glucose and vitamin B1 but this treatment, again, does not seem to be generally applicable [in cases of senile dementia].
1854Mayne Expos. Lex., Hexanemus ..Having six threads..six-armed: *hexanemous.
1819Pantologia, *Hexapetaloid corol, in botany, divided so near to the base as to have the appearance of a six-petalled corol, but in reality one-petalled, as in agapanthus. 1845Lindley Sch. Bot. viii. (1858) 129 Flowers hexapetaloid, irregular.
1830― Nat. Syst. Bot. 252 Some of them have both the calyx and corolla equally formed, and coloured so as to be undistinguishable, unless by the manner in which those parts originate: these constitute the *hexapetaloideous form.
1707H. Sloane Voy. Jamaica I (Pref.), I have followed mostly the Method of Mr. Ray in his History of Plants, joining his Genera or Tribes together by the Method of Rivinus, or Number of the Petala or Leaves of the Flowers; As those which are Monopetalous first, those Dipetalous next, then the Tripetalous, Tetrapetalous, Pentapetalous, *Hexapetalous, and such as have no exact Numbers of Coloured Leaves in their Flowers. 1727Bailey vol. II, Hexa⁓petalous, composed of 6 leaves, as the Filix, Pulsatilla, etc. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp s.v. Hemerocallis, The flower is hexapetalous. 1900B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms 123/2 Hexarch.
1775Ash, *Hexaphyllous.
1875Encycl. Brit. II. 411 The propylæum..as applied to the Acropolis..consists of a Doric *hexaprostyle portico internally.
1854Mayne Expos. Lex., Hexapterus (Bot.), provided with six wings, as the capsule of the Fritillaria imperialis. (Entomol.), applied to the Phalæna hexaptera, because the male seems to have a third pair of small wings..six-winged: *hexapterous.
1914M. Drummond tr. Haberlandt's Physiol. Plant Anat. vii. 352 It is customary to discriminate between diarch, tetrarch, pentarch, *hexarch and polyarch bundles. 1965Bell & Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. i. iv. 170 Pentarch..and hexarch roots also occur.
1799–1805S. Turner Anglo-Sax. (1836) I. iii. vii. 206 [Ethelfrith] converted the Saxon States in England into an *hexarchy. 1888F. H. Hill G. Canning xxiii. 217 The Concert of Europe..a despotic hexarchy of States.
1870Bentley Bot. 216 A poly⁓sepalous calyx may consist of two or more parts..*hexa⁓sepalous of six.
1921A. F. Blakeslee in Amer. Naturalist LV. 259 The following terms are suggested to designate sets with numbers of chromosomes from 1 to 12: monosome, disome, trisome, tetrasome, pentasome, *hexasome, heptasome, oktasome, enneasome, dekasome, hendekasome, dodekasome.
1922Genetics VII. 527 If..the chromosomes of a tetrasomic or *hexasomic set assort at random in an F1 hybrid a 35:1 or 399:1 ratio will be found in the F2. 1930Jrnl. Genetics XXII. 146 Doubly and trebly hexasomic tetraploids are more likely to come from the derivatives of a tetraploid-hexaploid cross. 1955J. B. & R. D. Hill Genetics & Human Heredity xviii. 363 Hexasomic tetraploid Globe: 4x + 21·22 + 21·22.
1863*Hexastigm [see hexagram 2].
1896Academy 28 Mar. 261/3 To render the Alcaic metre..by two decasyllabic, one *hexasyllabic, and one octosyllabic line.
Add: ˌhexaˈdecapole Physics, a multipole of order l = 4; freq. attrib. or as adj.
1969Nuclear Physics A CXXIX. 445 Recently, *hexadecapole equilibrium deformations have also been indicated empirically from the analysis of inelastic α-scattering data. 1970[see octupole n.]. 1973Nature 13 Apr. 438/1 Current interest is in the measurement of static quadrupole and transition hexadecapole moments which are tell-tale signs of the nuclear charge distribution. 1978Ibid. 19 Jan. 212/2 The multipolarities of the resonances were found by making calculations of the angular distributions assuming that the states are monopole, isovector dipole, quadrupole and hexadecapole, corresponding to L = 0, 1, 2 and 4 respectively. |