| 释义 |
palatal, a. and n.|ˈpælətəl|
[a. F. palatal (1752 Dict. Trévoux), f. L. palāt-um palate + -al1.]
A. adj.
1. a. Anat., Zool., etc. Pertaining to the palate: = palatine a.2 1.
1828–32Webster, Palatal, pertaining to the palate. 1834R. Mudie Brit. Birds (1841) II. 19 Bill..having the palatal knob very large. 1874Lyell Elem. Geol. xxi. 358 A terrestrial reptile having numerous palatal teeth. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 360 [In Mammalia] The præmaxillary, maxillary and palatine bones possess palatal plates which constitute the hard palate.
b. Conchol. (See quot.)
1854Woodward Mollusca ii. 165 Pupa Uva:..Shell..aperture rounded, often toothed. (Dr. Pfeiffer terms those teeth ‘parietal’ which are situated on the body-whirl; those on the outer lip, ‘palatal’.)
2. Phonetics.
a. Of a consonant or vowel sound: Produced by placing the tongue against the palate, esp. the hard palate. The palatal consonants are formed further forward in the mouth than the velar or gutturals, and are represented by (c, ɟ, ç, and j).
In the Devanāgarī or Sanskrit alphabet the palatal consonants are those of the second row c, ch, j, jh, ñ, with the semivowel y and sibilant ç; the name is also often given to the sounds into which these have passed in modern Indian languages. palatal vowels are our |i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ|, more commonly called front vowels.
1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. T., The T is one of the five Consonants which the Abbot de Dangeau calls Palatal. 1828–32Webster, Palatal,.. uttered by the aid of the palate. 1844Key Alphabet, etc. 25 In the Sanskrit alphabet, the series of guttural, palatal, lingual, dental, and labial consonants, have an n belonging to each class. 1875Whitney Life &c. Lang. iv. 46 A sibilant with following palatal mute. 1876T. Le M. Douse Grimm's L. §60. 146 The palatal semi⁓vowel (y).
b. Of a sound change: occurring in the environment of a palatal consonant or vowel.
1888H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds 124 This c-smoothing is by the Germans called ‘palatal-umlaut’. 1894― Anglo-Saxon Reader (ed. 7) p. xiv, Why then continue..to call the change of weorc into werc ‘palatal mutation’, when the change is not a mutation, and is caused not by front, but invariably by back consonants? 1908J. & E. M. Wright Old Eng. Gram. iv. 28 Umlaut is of two kinds: Palatal and Guttural. Palatal umlaut, generally called i-umlaut, is the modification (palatalization) of an accented vowel through the influence of an ī̆ or j which originally stood in the following syllable. 1914H. C. Wyld Short Hist. Eng., v. 75 ‘Palatal Mutation’. This term was suggested by Bülbring to denote primarily the loss in Anglian of the second element of the diphthong ea (which thus appears merely as e) before the consonant⁓groups ht, hs, hþ, when followed by a front vowel, or when final. 1939Trans. Philol. Soc. 126 By the assumption that ‘Breaking’, ‘Palatal Diphthongization’, and ‘Back-Mutation’ were developments which can be dated within limits, a system of ‘sound-changes’ has been built up, which in some cases may be purely fictitious, in others only part of a long-drawn-out process. 1959A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. v. 70 Sċīp sheep, presumably from *sċīep with palatal diphthongization of nW-S sċēp. 1975Lass & Anderson Old Eng. Phonol. iv. 123 ‘Palatal diphthongization’ of ē̆. As we show..there is no very good evidence for such a process in OE.
B. n.
1. Anat. Short for palatal bone: = palatine n.2 1.
1886in Cassell's Encycl. Dict. 1890Cent. Dict. s.v., In their simplest form the palatals are mere rods or plates extending horizontally from the pterygoids to the maxilliaries.
2. Phonetics. A palatal sound; usually, a palatal consonant. (See A. 2.)
1828–32Webster, Palatal, a letter pronounced by the aid of the palate. 1844Key Alphabet, etc. 23 The other letters..according to their organs: 1st, the guttural and palatals,..2ndly, dentals,..3rdly, labials. 1862Marsh Eng. Lang. 492 The combination gh was originally a guttural or perhaps a palatal.
Hence ˈpalatalism, palaˈtality, palatal quality or character; ˈpalatally adv., towards the palate; by means of the palate.
1864F. Hall in Lauder's Tractate Notes (1869) 32 A device for preserving the palatality of its g. 1876T. Le M. Douse Grimm's L. §64. 171 Different destinies of the combinations kya and kwa, according as the palatalism and gutturalism represented by y and w, attack the consonant or the vowel. 1934Dental Items of Interest LVI. 206 Any extension of the preparation under the gingiva..palatally is to be avoided as being unnecessary. 1940J. Osborne Dental Mech. xiv. 156 The use of black rubber palatally and lingually will give a better appearance to the finished denture. 1963C. R. Cowell et al. Inlays, Crowns, & Bridges iv. 39 The withdrawal path must be inclined palatally. 1970Archivum Linguisticum I. 7 When the following syllable contained an i the medial vowel could be palatally coloured. |