| 释义 |
▪ I. gouge, n.1|gaʊdʒ, guːdʒ|
Also 5 goodg, gow(d)ge, (gourge), 7 goudge.
[a. F. gouge fem., = Sp. gúbia, Pg. goiva, It. gubbia, gorbia:—late L. gubia, gulbia (Isidore).
Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. OIrish gulban (‘aculeum’), gulba (‘rostrum’), OWelsh gilbin (‘acumine’), mod.Welsh gylf beak, Cornish gilb boring tool (‘foratorium’).]
1. A chisel with a concave blade for cutting rounded grooves or holes in wood. In Surgery, a similarly-shaped tool used for removing portions of bone, etc.
1495–8Naval Acc. (1896) 240 An yron Goodg with a bolte of yron belongyng to the same. 15..Debate Carpenter's Tools 179 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 85 The gowge seyd: The devyles dyrte Fore anything that thou canne wyrke. 1576Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 261, ij playnes, towe gourges, ij chesells, and ij embowing playnes. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 283 Take a round strong iron toole, half a yard long, and made at the one end in all points like unto the Carpenters gouge. 1676Worlidge Cyder (1691) 58 With your quill in form of a goudge. 1678Moxon Mech. Exerc. I. 74 The Gouge..is a Chissel having a round edge, for the cutting such wood as is to be Rounded or Hollowed. 1807–26S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 318 If with this instrument he could not remove bone enough, he scrupled not to effect his design by means of a gouge and mallet. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 327 To answer the purpose of the common turning gouge. 1885G. Allen Babylon ix, Colin..took up a gouge as if to continue carving the panel.
†b. trenching gouge: a spade with a concave blade. Obs.
1649W. Blithe Eng. Improv. Impr. (1653) 69 The Trenching gouge to be vsed as the Spade.
c. A stamping tool for cutting out forms in leather, paper, etc.
1875in Knight Dict. Mech.
d. Bookbinding. (See quot. 1895.)
1885Crane Bookbinding for Amateurs 159 Fig. 135 represents a set of gouges. 1895J. W. Zaehnsdorf Hist. Bookbinding 24 Gouge, a curved line or segment of a circle impressed upon the leather. Also the instrument with which it is impressed.
e. Comb. gouge-bit, a bit shaped at the end like a gouge.
1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 151 Gouge bit, a bit smaller than a centre-bit, with a hollow edge at its end like a gouge. 1812–16J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 115 The gouge-bit is best adapted for boring small holes in soft wood. 1882Rep. to Ho. Repr. Prec. Met. U.S. 581 A double-gouge bit is used with this machine.
2. Mining. (See quot. 1881.)
1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 107 It is incased in well-defined walls of metamorphic slate, with a few inches of gouge between the walls and quartz. 1881― Mining Gloss., Gouge, a layer of soft material along the wall of a vein, favoring the miner, by enabling him after ‘gouging’ it out with a pick, to attack the solid vein from the side.
3. U.S. colloq.
a. The action of the vb. gouge; a scooping out.
b. A cheat, swindle (cf. gouge v. 4). ‘Also, an impostor’ (Cent. Dict.).
1845N.Y. Tribune 10 Dec. (Bartlett), This is a clean, plain gouge of this sum out of the people's strong box. 1887American XIV. 344 Another ‘gouge’ was to charge the women a nominally cost price..while, as a matter of fact, it was got..for considerably less.
▪ II. † gouge, n.2 Obs.
[a. OF. gouge.]
A wench.
1828Scott F.M. Perth xii, The gouge knows her trade.
▪ III. gouge, v.|gaʊdʒ, guːdʒ|
Also 6–7 googe, 9 dial. gowge.
[f. gouge n.1]
1. a. trans. To cut or make holes in, with or as with a gouge.
1570Abp. Parker Let. to Sir W. Cecil 1 Apr., Corr. (1853) 364 Quidam filii Beliall did gouge my poor barge in divers places in the bottom. 1599M[oufet] Silkwormes 14 As water doth, when pipes of lead or wood are goog'd with punch. 1864Daily Tel. 11 Aug., Great sheets of solid metal..are gouged and drilled into ragged holes. 1876T. B. Curling Dis. Rectum 107 Unless the surgeon can reach the diseased bone, and, if necessary, gouge it.
b. intr. To work with a gouge at (something).
1860All Year Round No. 46. 459 An engraver working a little lathe with a sort of fiddlestick, while he gouged delicately at the cornelian signet.
2. trans. To cut out (a cork), to hollow or scoop out (a channel or groove) with or as with a gouge. Also, to hollow into (a certain form).
1616B. Jonson Devil an Ass ii. i, I will save in cork..by googing of them out Just to the size of my bottles, and not slicing. 1750G. Hughes Barbadoes 197 These are succeeded by pods which are lengthways neatly gouged into seven regular channels. 1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 154 The scores..are gouged out along the outsides. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 106 It..is gouged hollow. 1873J. Geikie Gt. Ice Age xxiv. 315 Under the influence of rain..rills and brooklets are gouging out deep trenches in the subsoils and solid rocks.
3. a. To cut or force out with or as with a gouge; to push out (a person's eye) with the thumb. Chiefly with out adv. Const. out of.
1800Addison Amer. Law Rep. 29 M'Birnie..gouged his eye. 1829Marryat F. Mildmay xxi, He had gouged the eye out of a third. 1853W. Irving Life & Lett. (1864) IV. 129 A pursar of the navy had gouged the bolt out of the wall. 1871R. Ellis tr. Catullus cviii. 5 Gouged be the carrion eyes some crow's black maw to replenish. 1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 379 As much as possible of the deep portion was gouged out.
fig.1815Southey Lett. (1856) II. 393 If there be a felicitous phrase, he is sure to gouge the sentence. 1845N.Y. Tribune 26 Nov. (Farmer), Very well gentlemen! gouge Mr. C. out of the seat, if you think it wholesome to do it.
b. To force out the eye of (a person). Also absol.
1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Gouge, to squeeze out a man's eye with the thumb, a cruel practice used by the Bostonians in America. 1796T. Twining Trav. Amer. (1894) 91 In their common affrays they gouge and commit other barbarities. 1812Coleridge Lit. Rem. I. 286 Do they act on the principle that it is prudent to secure the result of the contest by gouging the adversary? 1827Blackw. Mag. Oct. 453/1 When they had gotten him on his back, one gouged him like a Yankee. 1861Dickens Gt. Expect. xviii, Joe scooped his eyes..as if he were bent on gouging himself.
4. U.S. To cheat, impose upon. Also absol.
1875Howells Foregone Concl. iii. (1882) 69 The man's a perfect Jew—or a perfect Christian, one ought to say in Venice; we true believers do gouge so much more infamously here. 1885B. Harte Ship of '49 i, He's regularly gouged me in that ere horsehair spekilation.
5. Mining. (See quots. 1964, 1971.) Also more generally, to dig for opal (cf. gouging vbl. n.).
1931M. S. Buchanan Prospecting for Opal in Australia 8 Gouge your drive, viz., push a cut under the roof searching after the seam of potch. 1936A. Russell Gone Nomad i. 7 In chasing my rainbow I have..delved for gold; ‘gouged’ for opal; fossicked for diamonds. 1958M. D. Berrington Stones of Fire 27 We'll gouge..to start with; and when we strike something we can drive properly. 1964A. Nelson Dict. Mining 202 Gouging, working only the rich pockets of ore and leaving the low-grade or marginal ore unmined. 1971J. S. Gunn Opal Terminol. 21 Gouge, to cut carefully under the roof searching for a seam of potch [i.e. worthless opaliferous material] so that full-scale cutting of the drive can begin. |