| 释义 |
gono-|ˈgɒnəʊ|
prefix, before a vowel gon-, repr. Gr. γονο-, comb. form of γόνος, γονή generation, offspring, semen, etc. Used in a few compounds in Greek (of which only gonorrhœa has passed into English), and now employed in various technical terms of modern Biology, Zoology, etc. ˈgonoblast Biol. [see -blast], a cell which takes part in reproduction; hence ˌgonoˈblastic a. ‖ ˌgonoblaˈstidium Zool. (pl. -idia). [f. gonoblast + Gr. -ίδιον dim. suffix] = blastostyle; hence ˌgonoblaˈstidial a. ‖ ˈgonocalyx Zool. [see calyx 2], the bell-shaped disk forming the swimming organ of a medusiform gonophore; hence gonoˈcalycine a. gonocheme |ˈgɒnəʊkiːm| Zool. [Gr. ὄχηµα vehicle] (see quot.). gonoˈchoric, ˌgonochoˈristic adjs.; gonoˈchorism Biol. [ad. G. gonochorismus (E. Haeckel Gen. Morphol. (1866) II. i. 60)], = diœcism; hence gonoˈchorist, a diœcious organism. ˈgonocœl, -cœle |-siːl| Zool. [Gr. κοῖλον cavity], a body cavity that contains or gives rise to gonads. gonoˈcoccal a., of, pertaining to, or caused by gonococci. gonoˈcoccus Path. [see coccus], the micrococcus found in the discharge of gonorrhœa. ˈgonocyte Biol. [-cyte], any cell which may potentially undergo meiosis and produce gametes; also, any of the gametes so produced. ˈgonoduct Zool. [cf. gonaduct], in some invertebrates, a duct from a gonad to the exterior through which gametes are discharged. ˈgonomere Biol. [a. G. gonomer (V. Häcker 1902, in Jenaische Zeitschr. f. Naturwiss. XXXVII. ii. 312): see -mere], any nucleus which, after plasmogamy, coexists with and does not fuse with another nucleus in the same cell; hence gonoˈmeric a. goˈnomery, a condition characterized by the presence of gonomeres. ˈgonoplasm Mycology [see plasm], in some genera of the fungal order Peronosporales, that portion of the contents of the antheridium which passes down the fertilization tube. ˈgonopore Zool., a genital pore. ˈgonosome Zool. [Gr. σῶµα body], Allman's name for the collective body of reproductive zooids of a hydrozoan; hence ˌgonoˈsomal a. ˈgonosphere Bot. [sphere], the irregular globule formed by the condensation of the protoplasm of the oogonium in certain fungi; also ‖ gonoˈsphærium (pl. -sphæria). ‖ gonoˈtheca Zool. [Gr. θήκη a case] = gonangium; hence gonoˈthecal a. ˈgonotome Zool. [ad. G. gonotom (J. W. van Wijhe 1889, in Arch. f. mikrosk. Anat. XXXIII. 466): see -tome.], a block of tissue within a somite destined to form a gonad; also, any somite that contains a gonad. gonoˈzooid Zool. [zooid], one of the sexual zooids enclosed in certain of the gonophores of the Hydrozoa; also attrib.
1884A. Hyatt in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. (1885) XXIII. i. 61 An apparently strong objection to the *gono⁓blastic theory founded on the cover-cell.
1861J. R. Greene Man. Anim. Kingd., Cœlent. 46 In general, *gonoblastidia arise from the sides of the cœnosarc. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. iii. 143 The groups of male and female gono⁓phores are borne upon separate branches of the gonoblastidium.
1870Nicholson Man. Zool. 74 This system of tubes constitutes what is known as the system of the ‘*gonocalycine canals’.
Ibid. 73 The gonophore is now found to be composed of a bell-shaped disc, termed the ‘*gonocalyx’.
1871Allman Gymnoblastic Hydroids p. xv, *Gonocheme..a medusiform planoblast which gives origin directly to the generative elements. Ibid. 76 The medusa, whether gonocheme or blastocheme, shows [etc.].
1876E. R. Lankester tr. Haeckel's Hist. Creation I. viii. 175 (heading) Distinction of sexes, or *gonochorism. [Ibid., Every organic individual, as a non-hermaphrodite (Gonochoristus), produces within itself only one of two generative substances.] 1904J. McCabe tr. Haeckel's Wonders of Life 255 When the ovum and the sperm-cell..are formed in two different individuals (male and female), we call them monosexual, or gonochorists. Ibid. 258 The oyster is usually gonochoristic, but sometimes hermaphroditic. Ibid. 259 Such structures..have clearly been developed from gonochoristic structures in lower forms. 1950Biol. Abstr. XXIV. 2706/1 Spp. with present haploid hermaphroditism might have been derived from gonoch[o]ric ancestors. 1951Ibid. XXV. 3378/2 L[ysmata] seticaudata is a protandric hermaphrodite whose sexual periodicity places it physiologically among the gonochoric conditions found in most malacostraceous Crustacea. 1963E. Mayr Animal Species & Evol. xi. 316 In many marine invertebrates certain geographic races are gonochoristic, while others are hermaphrodite. 1965G. Bacci Sex Determination i. 21 Unisexuality, dioecism or gonochorism indicate that male and female sex organs occur in different individuals, plants or animals. The three terms are almost perfectly equivalent although the last one is mostly used by zoologists. Ibid. iv. 64 Significant genetical work on sex in hermaphrodites and in labile gonochorists is still very scarce. Ibid. vii. 156 Labile gonochoric individuals of the Bonellia type.
1900J. O. Symes Bacteriol. Every-day Pract. 39 Now and then the *gonococcal infection may run an extremely mild course, showing only a slight muco-purulent discharge. 1923Daily Mail 15 June 9 Severe forms of streptococcal, staphylococcal, and gonococcal infections. 1970Nature 25 July 383/1 A few gonococcal isolates have proved resistant to rabbit antiserum.
1889J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Women xxii. (ed. 4) 181 The *gono-coccus or microbe believed to be peculiar to venereal gonorrhœa, to be indeed its exclusive cause. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 71 Many observers have sought for the gonococcus in the synovial fluid from the affected joints.
1893Funk's Stand. Dict. I, *Gonocœle. 1900E. A. Minchin in E. R. Lankester Treat. Zool. II. ii. 35 Each protocœlom is in its nature a gonocœl (Goodrich), that is to say a cœlomic pouch, the epithelial walls of which produce ova or sperm or both. 1940Parker & Haswell Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 6) I. ix. 631 The cœlome consists of the pericardium and the gonocœle. 1967P. A. Meglitsch Invert. Zool. ix. 310 The gonocoel theory visualizes the coelom as arising from the lumen of the gonads.
1900E. A. Minchin in E. R. Lankester Treat. Zool. II. iii. 60 In sponges generally two classes of tokocytes can be distinguished: first, sexual cells or *gonocytes, the mother cells of ova and spermatozoa of the normal type. 1904J. McCabe tr. Haeckel's Wonders of Life 254 The two copulating sexual cells (gonocyta). 1956Nature 21 Jan. 142/1 The conditions which determine the differentiation of indifferent gonocytes in hermaphrodite glands..constitute a major problem in the biology of sexuality.
1893Funk's Stand. Dict. I, *Gonoduct. 1900E. A. Minchin in E. R. Lankester Treat. Zool. II. ii. 36 The cœlomoducts belonging to gonocœls may be called ‘gonoducts’ (Lankester). 1951L. H. Hyman Invertebrates II. ix. 50 Coelomate animals may..lack gonoducts and use the nephridia for the discharge of sex cells.
1903Bot. Gaz. June 443 The nuclear stages in which the idiomeres (partial nuclei) and *gonomeres (double nuclei) appear are closely related. 1920W. E. Agar Cytol. 78 In the germ-track..evidences of gonomery can be found at a much later stage of development than in the somatic cells. 1925E. B. Wilson Cell (ed. 3) 433 Gonomeric grouping. 1969Brown & Bertke Textbk. Cytol. xxii. 531 This condition of gonomery approaches the dikaryotic phase in Basidiomycetes.
1887H. E. F. Garnsey tr. De Bary's Fungi 495/2 *Gonoplasm, in Peronosporeae: portion of protoplasm of antheridium which passes through the fertilisation⁓tube and coalesces with the oosphere. 1952F. L. Wynd tr. Gäumann's Fungi 66 Later the sexually functional cytoplasm accumulates in the central portion, forming the gonoplasm.
1897Parker & Haswell Textbk. Zool. I. vi. 276 In the female [round-worm] the reproductive aperture or *gonopore is separate from the anus, and is situated on the ventral surface. 1951L. H. Hyman Invertebrates II. ix. 50 Male and female gonopores in hermaphroditic species may be separate,..or there may be a common gonopore.
1870Nicholson Man. Zool. I. 26 Another series of reproductive zoöids, collectively called the ‘*gonosome’. 1871Allman Gymnoblastic Hydroids 29 The zooids which compose the gonosome may [etc.].
1865Cooke Rust, Smut, etc. 130 The large granules which are contained in the oogonium accumulate at its centre, and form an irregular, somewhat spherical mass, which is called by De Bary a *gonosphere.
1873Mrs. Hooker tr. Le Maout & Decaisne's Bot. 951 *Gonospheria only differ from oogonia in the condensation of the protoplasm at the centre of the cell. 1878Napier in Buckland 17th Rep. Salmon Fish 13 The surface of the gonospheria.
1861J. R. Greene Man. Anim. Kingd., Cœlent. 47 The lower portion of each gonoblastidium forms a sort of peduncle, above which the cuticular investment of its ectoderm becomes separated as an urn-shaped capsule, the ‘*gonotheca’.
1900J. S. Kingsley Text. Bk. Vert. Zool. i. 103 Whether we have metamerically repeated *gonotomes, is as yet a disputed question. 1912― Compar. Anat. Vert. 319 At one time it was thought that the anlage of the gonad was segmental in character and ‘gonotomes’, comparable to nephrotomes and myotomes, were described. 1969A. J. Grove et al. Anim. Biol. (ed. 8) xvi. 382 [Amphioxus.] For a time each gonotome remains connected to its own somite by a short stalk, but eventually the stalk is severed and in this way a series of young gonads is formed.
1841–71T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 97 The *gonozooid, though permanently attached, is furnished with a swimming-bell. 1870Rolleston Anim. Life 254 Such fixed gonozooid forms as the sea fir. |