| 释义 |
▪ I. † foist, fust, n.1 Obs.
Forms: 5–7 fuste, (6 fuyst), 6–7 foiste, foyst(e, 6–8, 9 Hist. foist, (7 foise).
[a. OF. fuste, ad. It. fusta fem. originally log, piece of timber, f. L. fustis cudgel.]
1. A light galley; a vessel propelled both by sails and oars. Cf. felucca.
1485Caxton Paris & V. 80 By adventure they fonde a fuste. 1558–80Warde tr. Alexis' Secr. i. i. 17 b, Wee were set vpon by fiue foystes of Pirates. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 430 Peeces of great ordinance placed in fusts and gallies. 1777Hoole Comenius' Vis. World (ed. 12) 111 A ship furnished with oars is a barge, or a foyst.
fig.1569Shippe of Safegarde (N.) Nor taking heede his fleshly foyst to guide. a1625Fletcher Woman's Prize ii. vi. This Pinck, this painted Foyst, this Cockle-boat.
2. A barge, a small boat used on the river.
1533Wriothesley Chron. (1875) I. 18 A barge..rytchlie behanged with cloath of golde and a foyste to wayte on her. 1616B. Jonson Epigr. cxxxiii. Voy. 100 That is when it is the Lord Maiors foist.
▪ II. foist, n.2
[a. OF. fust (mod.F. fût) cask, primarily log, tree-trunk:—L. fustem cudgel.]
†1. A cask for wine; in phrase to savour of the foist: to be ‘fusty’, Obs.
a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Q b, Good wyne sometyme sauoureth of the foyst.
2. Hence, Fustiness. [F. fust (Cotgr.).]
1819Rees Cycl., Foist, used to signify a musty sort of smell among hay, straw, grain, and other farm products. 1876Whitby Gloss., Foist, the mildew'd scent of a cellar.
▪ III. foist, n.3 Obs. exc. dial.
[dial. var. of fist n.2]
a. = fist n.2 1.
b. dial. = fist n.2 2.
c. Comb. = fist-ball.
1593Nashe Lett. Confut. Wks. (Grosart) II. 204 A fatall foyst. 1640[see fist n.2 4]. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Foyst..a close strong Stink, without Noise or Report. 1847Halliwell, Foist, a toad-stool, Suffolk.
d. U.S. = fice, fist n.2 3.
1851T. A. Burke Polly Peablossom's Wedding 18 [The sounding of the horn] was sufficient invitation to every hound, foist, and ‘cur of low degree’ to join in the chorus.
▪ IV. † foist, n.4 Obs.
[f. foist v.1]
1. A cheat, a rogue; a pick-pocket.
1591Greene Disc. Coosnage Pref. 3 The Foist, the picke⁓pockets (sir reuerence, I meane). 1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girle v. M.'s Wks. (Bullen) IV. 134 Mol. This braue fellow is no better then a foyst. Omnes. Foyst, what's that? Mol. A..picke-pocket. 1659Lady Alimony v. iii, You shall play no more the sharking foist with me. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Foyst, a Cheat or Rogue.
2. A piece of roguery, trick.
1605B. Jonson Volpone iii. ix, Put not your foist's vpon me, I shall sent 'hem. 1641‘Smectymnuus’ Vind. Answ. vi. 83 Which if you call a foyst, all your owne side are as guilty as our selves. 1654R. Vilvain Theorem. Theol. iii. 115 What fine foists and brazen bolts are thes to bolster a bad caus? 1677in Coles Eng.-Lat. Dict.
3. Something foisted in.
a1734North Exam. iii. vi. §101 (1740) 495 The Author gives the following Speech of May 28, by Way of Foist in the Place of that before of the 23d of May.
▪ V. foist, n.5 rare.
[f. next.]
A fogy.
1820Blackw. Mag. VIII. 105 The reins were continually slipping out of the fingers of the ancient foists [‘the old drivers of the periodical Heavies’].
▪ VI. foist, a. dial.|fɔɪst|
[? f. foist n.2]
Fusty.
1691Ray N.C. Words, Foist, Fusty. 1721–92in Bailey. 1842Johnson Farmer's Encycl., Foist or Foust, a provincial word signifying mouldy or rusty. 1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Foist, foisty.
▪ VII. foist, v.1|fɔɪst|
[prob. ad. Du. dial. vuisten to take in the hand, f. vuist fist; cf. Ger. dial. fäusten.
The Du. word now means to play at a game in which one player holds some coins in his hand, and the others guess at their number (Prof. Gallée).]
†1. trans. (Dicing). To palm (a ‘flat’ or false die) so as to be able to introduce it when required. Also intr. to cheat by this means (in quot. 1545 app. used loosely). to foist in: to introduce (the flat) surreptitiously when palmed. Obs.
1545R. Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 54 If they be trew dise, what shyfte wil they make to set the one of them with slyding, with cogging, with foysting, with coytinge, as they call it. c1550Dice-Play C jb, R. What shift haue they to bring the flat in & out? M. A ioly fine shifte, yt properly is called foysting, & it is..a sleight to cary easely within the hand as often as the foister list. So yt when either he or his partener shall cast y⊇ dice, the flat comes not abrod til he haue made a great hande, and won as much as him list. Ibid. C ij, If..this young scholler haue not so redy..an eye, to deserne the flat at euery time that hee is foysted in. 1565Harding in Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 127 Through Foisting and Cogging their Die, and other false play.
†2. intr. To practise roguery, to cheat. Obs. Cf. cog v.3
1584R. Wilson Three Ladies Lond. i. A iij b, Thou doest nothing but cog, lie, and foist with hypocrisie. 1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girl v. i. M.'s Wks. (Bullen) IV. 134 A pickpocket; all his train study the figging law, that's to say, cutting of purses and foisting.
†b. trans. To cheat (a person) out of. Obs. Cf. cog v.3 3 b.
1622Fletcher Sea Voy. i. iii, If I be foysted and jeer'd out of my goods!
†3. To put forth or allege fraudulently. Obs. Cf. cog v. 6.
a1640W. Fenner Sacrif. Faithf. (1648) 35 Men must take heed that they foyst not the name of Christ: that they foyst not a ticket to say that Christ sent them. 1678Marvell Growth Popery Wks. I. 450 Some..by foisting a counterfeit donation of Constantine..advanced themselves.
b. To introduce surreptitiously or unwarrantably into; also with in adv.
1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1596) 776/2 Unlesse..by some fraudulent misdealing of mine enemies, there be any thing foysted into them. 1570T. Norton tr. Nowel's Catech. (1853) 173 They..desire to shift and foist in the Bishop of Rome to be head of the church in earth, in the stead of Christ. 1641Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 76 A rude..familiarity..with the name of God (foisting it up and down in common communication and oathes). 1676W. Row Contin. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 372 A general and ambiguous clause was foisted into the Oath of Allegiance. 1704Swift T. Tub xi (1709) 127 A passage..(whether foisted in by the Transcriber is not known). 1836Lytton Athens I. 275 The..interpolations..supposed to be foisted into the Odyssey. 1861A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. 73 The zeal of San Carlo Borromeo has foisted in subsidiary altars, to the detriment of the grand simplicity of its first plan. 1889Jessopp Coming of Friars iii. 156 [He] was eventually foisted into the see of Durham.
c. To palm or put off; to fasten or fix stealthily or unwarrantably on or upon; occas. to father (a composition) upon: rarely with off.
1599Marston Sco. Villanie i. iii. 182 When Tegeran Brags that hee foysts his rotten Curtezan Vpon his heire. 1633Massinger Guardian iii. vi, Am I grown So weak..that these gross tricks May be foisted on me? 1641Milton Prel. Episc. (1851) 79 The unskilfull fraud of him that foisted this Epistle upon Ignatius. 1772–84Cook Voy. (1790) VI. 1971 The ignorant assertions foisted on the public by editors. 1841S. Warren Ten Thous. a Year III. i. 18 To attempt to foist himself upon a borough with which he had no connexion. 1849C. Brontë Shirley I. vii. 157 Each lady-contributor takes it in her turn..to foist off its contents on a shrinking male public. 1879Sala Paris herself again (1880) II. iii. 34 You have inferior articles foisted on you while being charged for the best.
†d. To remove surreptitiously out of. Obs.—1
1658Bramhall Consecr. Bps. 163 There is rather some⁓thing foisted out of the former Edition, then foisted in.
†4. To put (a person) off with something inferior.
1602Life T. Cromwell i. iii. 85 Where he had wont to give a thousand crowns Doth he now foist me with a portague?
†5. intr. for refl. To intrude oneself into. With away: To slip off, vanish. Obs.
1603H. Crosse Vertues Commw. (1878) 66 These beg no place, nor foist into office, but if it come, they vnwillingly hold it. 1664Cotton Scarron. i. (1776) 34 But she was gone for when she list, She foist away could in a Mist.
6. intr. slang. (See quot.)
1585Fleetwood in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. II. 303 Note that ffoyste is to cutt a pockett, nyppe is to cutt a purse, lyft is to robbe a shoppe. 1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Foyst, to pick a pocket.
Hence ˈfoisted ppl. a.; ˈfoisting vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1586Newton tr. Daneau's Diceplay vi, As many foysting coseners..use to do. 1587Golding De Mornay xxiv. 364 If it be possible for a booke to bee preserued from falsifying and foisting what booke shal yt be but the Byble? 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xv. §21 This foisted and falsely termed fundamentall law Salique. 1628R. S. Counter Scuffle lviii, Thou cogging Base foysting Lawyer. 1631Celestina ix. 105 You well enough perceive her foystings and her flatteries. 1641Vind. Smectymnuus v. 70 The bold foysting in of a Parenthesis. a1687Cotton Poet. Wks. (1765) 18 Make no more such Foisting here.
▪ VIII. foist, v.2 Obs. exc. dial.|fɔɪst|
See also fust v.
[f. foist n.2]
intr. To smell or grow musty.
1583Golding Calvin on Deut. cxix. 735 And what becomes of the Corne in the meanewhyle? It foysteth and rotteth. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 103 Corne..will foyst with lyinge long in the garner. 1869Lonsdale Gloss., Foist, to smell fusty.
Hence ˈfoisted ppl. a., musty.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 317/1 Musty, Fusty, Foisted, Puft Corn. 1720Strype Stow's Surv. (1754) II. v. xi. 289/2 They brewed foisted Beer and corrupt Beer again. 1876Whitby Gloss., Foisted..musty, as a mouldy cask.
▪ IX. † foist, v.3 Obs.
[var. of fist v.2]
intr. To break wind silently.
1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. 18 If at anie time hee should foyst. 1604Dekker Honest Whore i. ix. Wks. 1873 II. 52 Spurne your hounds when they foiste. 1694Urquhart's Rabelais ii. xv. 102 [ed. 1653 has fist].
Hence ˈfoisting ppl. a., usually in foisting cur, foist hound, etc.; cf. fisting ppl. a.; also ˈfoister, one who foists.
c1611Chapman Iliad Pref. (1857) 65 The barkings of puppies, or foisting hounds. 1656Davenant Siege Rhodes iii. Dram. Wks. 1873 IV. 395 D'ye snarl, ye foisting mongrels? 1674N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. i. (1677) 24. 1677 Miege, Vesseur, a foister, or a fizzler. |