| 释义 |
▪ I. frustrate, pa. pple. and ppl. a. arch.|ˈfrʌstreɪt|
Forms: 5–7 frustrat, (6 frustraite), 5– frustrate.
[ad. L. frustrāt-us, pa. pple. of frustrārī, frustrāre: see next.]
Equivalent to the later frustrated.
†A. pa. pple. In various senses of the vb. Obs.
In recent archaistic use the word is prob. viewed by the writers as adj.; see the examples under B.
1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 100 So the abbot frustrat went home sory. 1471Ripley Comp. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 148 That thy labor therfore be not frustrate. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxxv. 40 Sleipand and walkand wes frustrat my desyr. 1504W. Atkynson tr. De Imitatione iii. iii. 197 They be ofte frustrate of that that they truste vpon. 1528Gardiner in Pocock Rec. Ref. I. l. 103 The said Commission might be..frustrate and letted. 1529More Dyaloge iii. Wks. 236/1 Because the cumming together of the Lordes from Grenewiche..shoulde not bee frustrate. 1540–1Elyot Image Gov. 24 Noble Germanicus, who shoulde have succeded Tiberius in the empyre, if the treason of Fiso hadde not frustrate the truste of the People. 1555Eden Decades 66 Beinge thus frustrate of the increase of theyr seedes. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. v. i. 2 Go to him, Dolla⁓bella, bid him yeeld, Being so frustrate, tell him, He mockes the pawses that he makes. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 270 He who would not be frustrate of his hope to write well hereafter in laudable things, ought him selfe to be a true Poem. a1693Urquhart Rabelais iii. Prol. 13 He was altogether frustrate and disappointed.
B. ppl. a.
1. a. Bereft or deprived of, or of the chance of; destitute of. Obs. exc. arch. Cf. Fr. frustré.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 3 Death..leaveth the body frustrate of feeling. 1587A. Day Daphnis & Chlor., Frustrate was his body of garments. 1602W. Fulbecke 1st Pt. Parall. Introd. 1 Such a profitable thing should [not] be altogether frustrate of attempt, howsoeuer voide of effect. 1616J. Haig in J. Russell Haigs vi. (1881) 140, I am frustrat of money, so that I cannot come to Newmarket myself. 1632Lithgow Trav. iv. 149 Returne againe from whence they came frustrate of power, and robbed of obedience. 1868Browning Ring & Bk. iv. 141 The face Of Pietro frustrate of its ancient cheer. 1878― La Saisiaz 364 At what moment did I so advance Near to knowledge as when frustrate of escape from ignorance.
†b. Balked, disappointed of. Obs.
1563Homilies ii. Sacrament ii. (1859) 439 That the same most mercifull worke might..not be frustrate of his end and purpose. 1675Hobbes Odyssey x. 412 But of that intent I was made frustrate by the Company. 1703A. B. Law Success. Benefices 34 The great Work..becomes frustrate of its End.
2. Failing of effect; ineffectual, fruitless, unavailing, useless. ? Obs.
1529More Dyaloge i. Wks. 144/1 And finally, then wer these wordes frustrate where he said: Lo, I am wt you al y⊇ dayes to y⊇ worldes ende. 1600Maides Metam. iii. i. in Bullen O. Pl. I. 131 We wish you to forbeare this frustrate mone. 1651Stanley Poems 34 And doth relate His frustrate sport. 1715–20Pope Iliad v. 237 Some guardian of the skies, Involved in clouds..turns unseen the frustrate dart away. 1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. x. (1794) 103 The florets..of the ray are imperfect, and therefore abortive or frustrate. 1847R. W. Hamilton Disq. Sabbath i. (1848) 20 Else were creation a frustrate thing.
†b. Of a legal document, enactment, or proceeding: Invalid, null, unavailing. Obs.
1497Bp. Alcock Mons Perfect. C iij, Without they be kept in dewe obedyence ben voyde & frustrate. c1555Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (Camden) 46 Whether all marriages made against that prohibition were void and frustrate it is not very certain. 1590Swinburne Testaments 263 The later testament doth make frustrate the former. 1638Sir R. Cotton Abstr. Rec. Tower 6 Thus the Parliament continued..untill the King was out of debt, making frustrate the grant. 1664Flodden F. i. 6 The league therefore and peace is vain And frustrate.
3. Of a desire, hope, purpose, etc.: Balked, defeated, disappointed, futile.
1588Queen Elizabeth in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. III. 138 That purposse which we doubte not but by godes goodnes, shall prove frustrate. 1647May Hist. Parl. ii. v. 91 Though that expectation were made frustrate by the Earl of Warwick. 1700Dryden Fables, Meleager & Atalanta 164 And multitude makes frustrate the design. 1740Somerville Hobbinol iii. 348 His frustrate Hopes, and unavailing Pains. 1863I. Williams Baptistery ii. xxiv. (1874) 93 Men..in their frustrate longings still again The weary round of earthly things pursue! 1876Farrar Marlb. Serm. xxxix. 395 To all of you pain must come..and many frustrate hopes.
†4. Idle, vain, purposeless. Obs.
1500–20Dunbar Poems ix. 107, I knaw me vicious, Lord, and right culpable..Of frustrat speiking in court, in kirk, and table. 1529More Comf. agst. Trib. i. Wks. 1143/1 So were it vndoutedlye frustrate to laye spirituall causes of coumforte, to hym that hath no faythe. 1535Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 3 Without frustrate or wilful delay.
Hence † ˈfrustrately adv., in vain.
1632Vicars Virgil's æneid xi. 812 Great Tuscane dames, as she their towns past by, Wisht her their daughter in law, but frustrately.
Add:C. n. One who is frustrated or disappointed; an ineffectual person. rare.
1934in Webster. 1955R. Lindner 50-Minute Hour 192 His screams were effective, too; for to his standard of hate and the glorification of the brutal flocked economic and social and psychological frustrates by scores. 1973M. Foot Aneurin Bevan II. viii. 342 Bevan was leading ‘an uneasy coalition of well-meaning emotionalists, rejects, frustrates, crackpots and fellow-travellers’.
▪ II. frustrate, v.|frʌˈstreɪt, ˈfrʌstreɪt|
Pa. pple. 6– frustrated; 5–7, 9 arch. (see frustrate pple.).
[f. L. frustrāt- ppl. stem of frustrārī to disappoint, f. frustrā in vain. Cf. Fr. frustrer.]
1. trans. To balk, disappoint (a person).
1447,1606[see frustrate pa. pple.]. 1663Wood Life (O.H.S.) I. 509 And soe they were frustrated in their designes. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xiii, To improve their good sense, in proportion as they were frustrated in ambition. 1847James Convict iii, He had been seldom frustrated in life. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. iv. xxviii, Gwendolen he would certainly not have been sorry to frustrate a little.
b. Const. of (a desired object). Now rare.
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. vi, They frustrate and defeact themselues of that blessed rewarde, whiche [etc.]. 1571Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 119 Being frustrated of your long desired presence and promises. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. ii. 17 Being frustrated of getting over the River this way, we lookt about for a Tree to fell across the River. 1754Edwards Freed. Will ii. xi. 115 God, after he had made the World, was liable to be wholly frustrated of His End in the Creation of it. 1865Pall Mall G. 30 Dec. 1 Frustrating them [Americans] of what they consider their ‘destiny’.
2. To deprive of effect, render ineffectual; to neutralize, counteract (an effort or effect).
1471[see frustrate pa. pple.]. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 14 To bewray poisons and to frustrate th[e] opperacion therof. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 762 They are heartlesse, if they see defence to frustrate their arrowes. 1671J. Webster Metallogr. vi. 108 Yet they not lying near enough the superficies of the earth, may frustrate its effects. 1703J. Barrett Analecta 50 Is not such a Course likely to frustrate to them all means of Conversion? 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 23 He endeavoured to frustrate the effects of it by imposing many humiliating ceremonies on Bakarra Khán. 1875Scrivener Lect. Text N. Test. 9 The worst effects of the enemy's malice were frustrated.
b. To make null and void; to annul, abrogate (a law, etc.); to do away with (a right). Now somewhat rare.
1528[see frustrate pa. pple.]. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 67 The Ordinances of these diets cannot bee frustrated, but by another diet. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 205 Nor [ought] the Laws and Statutes of this Realm [to be] by him frustrated. a1848R. W. Hamilton Rew. & Punishm. vi. (1853) 239 A moral system is not frustrated, so long as it can enforce its sanctions. 1852Sir W. Hamilton Discuss. 411 The fellows frustrated the common right of graduates to the Office of Tutor.
3. To render vain; to balk, disappoint (a hope, expectation, etc.); to baffle, defeat, foil (a design, purpose, etc.). (The current use.) Also, † to prevent the fulfilment of (a prophecy).
1500–20,1540–1[see frustrate pa. pple.]. 1605Shakes. Lear iv. vi. 64 'Twas yet some comfort When misery could beguile the Tyrants rage And frustrate his proud will. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 116 Julian..sent for worke⁓men from all places, thinking to frustrate Christs prophecie concerning the Temple. 1700S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 17 But our hopes were strangely frustrated: for we quite lost our course. 1732T. Lediard Sethos II. ix. 339 He was..thoughtful of..frustrating Anteus's unjust design. 1769Blackstone Comm. IV. 14 The innocent has a chance to frustrate or avoid the villany. 1809Roland Fencing 67 You have the power frequently to frustrate your adversary's intended motion. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 155 Sastri's enemies..had come from Baroda to frustrate his negotiation. 1858Buckle Civiliz. (1873) II. viii. 548 His plan was frustrated, owing to its premature announcement by his friends in Paris.
Hence frustrating vbl. n. Also † frustrater, one who frustrates.
1640G. Watts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. vi. 298 The frustrating of that vaine conceit makes it seem longer than the truth. 1648Eikon Bas. v. 31 Let thy grace teach Mee wisely to enjoie as well the frustrateings, as the fulfillings of My best hopes. a1665Digby Priv. Mem. (1827) 117 To continue too long in such a school is a frustrating of the intent of it. 1676Packet Adv. Men of Shaftesbury 39 Continual Frustrater of the Parliamentary Constitution. 1681Baxter Answ. Dodwell 149, I would have endeavoured to avoid the common frustraters of Disputes. 1843Lytton Last Bar. iv. i, I shall know how to advise Edward to the frustrating all your schemes. |