| 释义 |
fining, vbl. n.|ˈfaɪnɪŋ|
[f. fine v.3 + -ing1.]
The action of the vb. fine.
1. The operation or process of refining (metals); esp. that of converting cast iron into wrought iron by heating it in contact with charcoal and so removing the carbon.
1502Priv. Purse Exp. Eliz. of York (1830) 38 Certain personnes..that wrought in fynyng of iron. 1585Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 366 The fining of gold in the furnace. 1864Percy Iron & Steel 579 It seems somewhat absurd to designate the process of incomplete decarburization as refining, and that of..complete decarburization as only fining. Ibid., I..apply the word fining to the operation of converting cast into malleable iron..in a hearth or open fire urged by a blast of air with charcoal as the fuel.
2. The operation or process of clarifying (a liquid; esp. beer, wine, etc.). Also the process by which a liquid becomes fine or clear.
1607Dekker Wh. Babylon Wks. 1873 II. 215 No Vines could please our taste, But of her fining. 1683Lond. Gaz. No 1862/8 New Experiments, for Fyning and Improving of Syder. 1707Mortimer Husb. xvi. 339 It [Beech] is good also for Fuel..not to omit the Shavings of it for the fining of Wine. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. I. 137 The operation of fining will be unnecessary to such beer. 1864Reader 9 Jan. 53 To investigate the cause of this fining of the blood.
b. concr. Anything used for this purpose. Usu. pl.
1772Jackson in Phil. Trans. LXIII. 5 One ounce and a half of good isinglass..was converted into good fining. 1822J. Imison Sc. & Art II. 160 A preparation of isinglass and sour beer, called finings, is put into it. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 184 The coffee is made of a dark colour by means of what are called ‘finings’ which consist of burnt sugar. 1885Act 48 –9 Vict. c. 50 §8 Finings for the purpose of clarification [of beer].
3. Comb.: fining-forge (see quot.); fining-pot, a crucible in which metals are refined; fining-roller (see quot.).
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 848/2 *Fining-forge..an open hearth with a blast by which iron is freed of impurities or foreign matters.
1611Bible Prov. xvii. 3 The *fining pot is for siluer, and the furnace for gold. 1879Sir G. G. Scott Lect. Archit. I. 134 Let us throw them boldly into the fining-pot.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 848/2 *Fining-roller (Paper-making), a cylindrical wire-cloth sieve in the paper-making machine, which allows the finely ground stuff to pass, but restrains the coarse fibers and knots. |