| 释义 |
▪ I. dree, v. Now Sc. and north. dial. or arch.|driː|
Forms: 1 dréoᵹan, 2 dreoȝen, 2–5 dreȝe(n, 3 drehe(n, dreȝhenn (Orm.), 3–4 driȝe(n, 3–6 drei(e, 3–9 drie, 4 drey(e, dryȝ(e, 4–5 dregh(e, 4–6 drighe, dry(e, dre (5 dryee), 4– dree. pa. tense 1 dreáᵹ, dreáh, pl. druᵹon, 2–3 dreȝ, pl. druhen, drehen, 3 dreih, 4 dreiȝh, dreȝh, dreyȝ, drey, (drogh, drow, drie). β. 3 drehde, 4 dried, 5 dreghit, (6 Sc. dreit), 5– dreed. pa. pple. 1–3 droȝen, 2 idreȝen, 4 drowen, (droun). β. 5– dreed.
[OE. dréoᵹan (3rd sing. dríehþ, drýhð); a strong vb. of 2nd ablaut series, (OTeut. type *dreug-, draug-, drug-), elsewhere represented only by Gothic driugan to do military service (gadrauhts a soldier), and the ON. derivative vb. drýgja to perform, perpetrate, lengthen, f. drjúg- enduring, lasting, etc. In the 13th c., a weak pa. tense is found, and the strong inflexions do not occur after 1400. The verb has lived on in Sc. and north Eng. dialects, and has been revived as a literary archaism by Sir Walter Scott and his imitators.
In ME. there was some tendency to confuse dree and draw, arising prob. from form-association of drōȝ, drōgh, drōw, pa. tense of draw, with druȝen, pl. of pa. tense, and droȝen, drowen pa. pple., of dree. Hence drogh, drow occur for dreȝ, dreigh; see also draw v.
c1340Cursor M. 9398 (Trin.) Þerynne he dreyȝe aftir bale [Laud MS. drie, Gött. drow, Cott. drogh.] ]
†1. trans. To do, perform (service, duty, any one's will); to commit (sin). Obs.
c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) liv. 8 Druᵹon þæt on burᵹum, dæᵹes and nihtes. c1000Guthlac 386 Se þe in þrowingum þeodnes willan dæᵹhwam dreoᵹeð. c1175Lamb. Hom. 23 Þa sun⁓fulle monne þe dreȝeð a heore uuele werkes. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 37 Þe wapmen and wimmen þe hordom drien. Ibid. 191 Neddre doð þre þing lichamliche..þe þe deuel driȝeð gostliche.
2. To endure, undergo, suffer, bear (something burdensome, grievous, or painful).
a1000Cædmon's Exod. 2978 Seo menᵹeo fæsten dreah fela missera. a1200Moral Ode 288 Al þat man mai here dreoȝen [v.r. drie]. a1225Ancr. R. 136 Uor þe luue of him þet dreih more uor þe. Ibid. 356 Wouh of scheome þet mon drihð. c1230Hali Meid. 37 Hare weanen þat ure alre modres drehden on us seluen. a1300Cursor M. 23225 (Cott.) Þe thrid pine es hard to drei [v. rr. drie, dreȝe, dreye]. c1320Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2660 He telde hire the sorewe that he dregh. c1400Rom. Rose 3115 For peynes gret, disese and thought, Fro day to day he doth me drye. c1400Melayne 1055 Pity the dole we dree for thee. 1513Douglas æneis iv. x. heading, Quhat sorow dreis queyne Dido all the nycht. a1774Fergusson Election Poems (1845) 40 His buik has dree'd a sair, sair fa'. 1848Mrs. Gaskell Mary Barton xxv, To dree all the cruel slander they'll put upon him. 1855Browning Old Pictures in Florence xxv, While their pictures dree Such doom.
†b. with inf. or subord. clause. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 1300 (Gött.) Langer to liue may he noght drei. c1330King of Tars 235, I nul no lengor drye That Cristene men schul for me dye. 1460Lybeaus Disc. 950 (R.) Never they ne seygh Man that myghte dreygh To justy wyth Gyffroun.
c. to dree (one's) weird: to endure one's fate, suffer or submit to one's destiny. arch.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1224 In dongoun be don to dreȝe þer his wyrdes. c1485Prophecy of Waldhaue in Whole Prophecie of Scotland (1603) C j b, Heere in wildernes I dwell, my weird for to dree. 1816Scott Antiq. xxxii, ‘Ohon! we're dreeing a sair weird; we hae had a heavy dispensation.’ 1886Mrs. E. Lynn Linton Paston Carew xxxv, French must dree his weird as a brave man should.
†d. intr. To suffer. Obs.
a1605Montgomerie Misc. Poems xvi. 5 Of duill and dolour so I dry.
3. trans. To do, perform, suffer (penance, shrift). arch.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 51 Er he hefde idreȝen þet scrift. a1300Cursor M. 496 (Cott.) Þai drei ful harde schrift. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16613 He schulde go to Rome..penaunce to drye. c1420Anturs of Arth. xi, God hase grauntut me grace, To dre my penawunse in this place. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. ix. 210 The slaers..sulde be banist to ffrance and drie thair pennance thair. 1810Scott Lett. 30 Mar. (1894) I. 174, I was dreeing penance for some undiscovered sin at a family party. 1866Newman Gerontius v. 39 He dreed his penance age by age.
4. intr. To endure, last, hold out, continue. Now Sc. and north. dial.
a1225Juliana 26 Six men beateð hire hwil ha mahten drehen. c1350Will. Palerne 1772 Fled as fast homward as fet miȝt drie. 1375Barbour Bruce xviii. 53 Sall na man say, quhill I may dre, That strynth of men sall ger me fle. c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 156 [Symeon] Welle is me that I shalle dre Tylle I have sene hym with myn ee. 1570Levins Manip. 46/26 To Dree, last, durare. 1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Dree, to endure, to last. 1871Waddell Ps. lxxxviii. 15, I..kenna nae langer how till dree.
5. trans. To last through (time); to pass, spend, live (one's life, days); esp. with the notion of endurance. Also with forth, out. Obs. or arch.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 2404 An hundred ȝer..Haue ic her droȝen in werlde wo. 1340–70Alisaunder 242 With doole dried hee so his dayes. c1380Sir Ferumb. 5842 God lyf schalt þou drye. 1585Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 44 To drie Her voyage out. a1605Montgomerie Misc. Poems vii. 1 Drie furth the inch as thou hes done the span. 1805Scott Last Minstr. ii. v, Would'st thou thy every future year In ceaseless prayer and penance drie.
6. To ‘spin out’, protract. dial.
1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., ‘He dreed a lang drone’, delivered a tiresome dissertation.
Hence ˈdreeing vbl. n.
c1350Will. Palerne 919 For dreȝing of þis duel.
▪ II. dree, n. Sc.
[f. dree v.]
The action of the verb dree; suffering, grief, trouble. (Mostly a modern archaism.)
[c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 45 The first yere wedlokk is called pleye, The second dreye, and the thrid yere deye.] 1871Waddell Ps. xxvii. 5, I' the day o' dule an' dree. 1890R. Bridges Shorter Poems iv. 4 The half-moon..Shrinketh her face of dree.
▪ III. dree, dreigh, a. Now Sc. and north. dial. or arch.|driː, driːx|
Forms: 3 dreiȝ, drih, 3–5 dreȝ, 4 drye, dryȝ, 4–5 drey, 5 dregh, drie, 5– dreich, 6– dreigh, 7– dree, (8 dreech, dreegh, 8–9 driegh, 9 driche, driech).
[ME. dreȝ, dregh:—OE. type *dréoᵹ, corresp. to ON. drjúgr enduring, lasting, substantial, ample, rich (Sw. dryg heavy, long, large, rich, etc., Da. dröi lasting, durable, great); from stem of dree v.]
†1. Enduring, patient, long-suffering. Obs.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 49 Lomb is drih þing and milde. c1250Hymn Virg. 34 Ibid. App. 256 Maide dreiȝ & wel itaucht.
†2. Heavy, mighty, great; doughty, fierce. Obs.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 342 In dryȝ dred and daunger. c1400Rowland & O. 696 His dynttys were full dreghe. c1400Destr. Troy 5322 Dreghist in armys, And the strongest in stoure. Ibid. 11890 Þe key..the durres to vndo of the dregh horse. a1400–50Alexander 5568 Þe dreȝest deele of þaim died of his dukis handis.
3. a. Long; slow, tedious, wearisome; persistent; difficult to surmount or get over, ‘stiff’, severe. b. Dreary, cheerless, doleful.
c1400Destr. Troy 1622 The draghtes, the dyse, and oþer dregh gaumes. Ibid. 3320 Elan..driet the dropis of hir dregh teris. a1400–50Alexander 4441 Ȝoure surfete of drinkis..gers ȝow die or ȝoure day many dreȝe wyntir. c1430Hymns Virg. (1867) 22 Þerof us þenkiþ þe wey to drie. 14..MS. Harl. 2252, fo. 118 (Halliwell) A ryver brode and dreghe. 1597Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 357 The craige was vgly, stay and dreich. 1674Ray N.C. Words 15 Dree: Long, seeming tedious beyond expectation, spoken of a way. A hard bargainer, spoken of a person. a1774Fergusson Leith Races Poems (1845) 35 There's lang and dreech contestin. 1794Burns ‘There was a lass’ i, The moor was driegh, and Meg was skiegh. 1807J. Stagg Poems 19 Six dree years had Susan languish'd. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxix, ‘Our minny here's rather driech in the upgang.’ 1857E. Waugh Lanc. Life 207 The rains are heavy and dree upon Ashworth moors. 1886Stevenson Kidnapped xxiii, ‘My life is a bit driegh..I see little company’.
†4. At a tedious distance, far off. Obs. rare.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12205 Þe lasse hil was nought so drey ffro þe more, but euene ney.
▪ IV. dree, dreigh, adv. Obs. or dial.
[ME. dreȝe:—OE. type *dréoᵹe.]
†1. Heavily, severely, mightily, vehemently. Obs.
c1320Sir Tristr. 3035 Þou louest tristrem dreiȝe. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 2663 Hade hit [weapon] dryuen adoun, as dreȝ as he atled, Þer hade ben ded of his dynt. c1420Anturs of Arth. (Irel.) xl, Querto draues thou so dreȝghe?
2. Persistently, ‘doggedly’. dial.
1844S. Bamford Life of Radical 110 The rain having set in dree. 1865E. Waugh Lanc. Songs 7 Th' rain's comin' deawn very dree. |