| 释义 |
▪ I. dredge, n.1|drɛdʒ|
Forms: 5–6 dreg, 7 dridge, 8 drudge, 7– dredge.
[Of this, and the associated verb, the Sc. form dreg is found c 1500, and in comb. in dreg-boat 1471; the Eng. form dredge appears (in the vb.) in 1576. (Cf. Sc. seg = sedge, etc.). The n. corresponds to mod.Du. dreg, in 16th c. dregghe, dregge ‘harpago; verriculum, euerriculum, Angl. dragge’ Kilian, LG. dregge a dredge, F. dreige, drège (for oysters), 1584 in Hatz.-Darm. These continental words are perh. from English; and our word a derivative of the stem of drag v. The forms dreg, dredge, suggest an OE. type *dręcg or *dręcge from *dragjo-, -jôn. The variants dradge, drudge, dridge appear to be perversions under the influence of other words.]
An instrument for collecting and bringing up objects from the bed of a river, the sea, etc., by dragging along the bottom; usually consisting of an iron frame with a net, bag, bucket, or other receptacle attached. a. orig. A drag-net for taking oysters, used also in pearl-fishing, etc. b. More recently, An apparatus for collecting marine objects for scientific investigation. c. A dredger for clearing the beds of rivers and navigable waters.
1471implied in dredge-boat, sense d below. [ 1561Eden Arte of Navig. Pref. ⁋iv b, Fyshermen that go a trawlyng for fyshe in Catches or mongers, and dradgies for Oysters about the sandes.] 1602Carew Cornwall 30 b, The oysters..haue a peculiar dredge, which is a thick strong net, fastned to three spils of iron, and drawne at the boates sterne. 1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 30 To the boate or skiffe belongs..a dridge. 1709Lond. Gaz. No. 4510/7 The Hoy Burthen 9 or 10 Tun..two Drudges in her with Ropes to them. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 464 Mr. Culver..has constructed a Dock Drudge, which is a boat for clearing docks and removing bars in rivers. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 172 Sponges brought up by the dredge. 1861Geikie E. Forbes xv. 537 Cruising..with the dredge—an instrument which he first methodized as an implement of zoological research.
fig.1888A. S. Wilson Lyric of Hopeless Love cxxvi. 360 Fancy casts her dredge in vain, To glean the secrets of the main.
d. attrib. and Comb., as dredge-boat, dredge-man, dredge-net, dredge-rope, dredge-sump, dredge-wood. Also dredgeful, as much as a dredge will hold.
1471Burgh Rec. Edin. 16 Nov. (Rec. Soc.) (Jam Supp.), Of ilk *dreg-boat and hand-lyne bot cummand in with fisch. 1815Scott Guy M. liv, I daresay the lugger's taken..a dredge-boat might have taken her.
1883Norman Presid. Addr. Tyneside Field Club 27 A *dredgeful of ‘Globigerina Ooze’ from 2,435 fathoms.
1776G. Semple Building in Water 46 At low Water I set all the *Drudge and Water⁓men to that Corner. 1892E. Reeves Homewd. Bound 160 Most of the signal-house keepers and dredge men along the canal seem French.
1875W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 110 Persons skilled in *dredge-nets.
1773Hist. Brit. Dom. N. Amer. ii. xi. §12. 217 [Whale-fishing] To the further end of this stick is fastened a tow-rope, called the *drudge-rope, of about fifteen fathom.
1851Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh. 24 *Dredge Sump, a reservoir through which a current of water is sometimes made to flow before passing to a pump, in order that any small stones or sludge may be retained.
▪ II. dredge, n.2
Forms: 4–7 drage, 5 drag(g)eye, dragie, -gy, dragge, dregge, 5–6 drege, 5– dradge, 6– dredge, (7 drag). β. 5 dragett.
[Late ME. dragie, dragé, also dragett, a. OF. dragie, dragee, mod.F. dragée, in Pr. and Sp. dragea, Sp., Pg. gragea, It. treggéa (masc.), med.L. drageia, drageya, dragía, dragētum, and dragāta: all supposed to derive in some way from L. tragēmata, a. Gr. τραγήµατα spices, condiments. In Eng. the final vowel became at length mute; the form dragett directly represents med.L. dragētum.]
†1. A sweetmeat; a comfit containing a seed or grain of spice; a preparation made of a mixture of spices; cf. dragée. Obs.
c1350Med. MS. in Archæol. XXX. 390 Y⊇ sed is good fastende to ete, And ek in drage after mete. [1377–86see drug n.1] 1401–2Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 208 Et in j lib. dragge empt., 5d. [1402–3 dragy]. 14..Noble Bk. Cookry (Napier) 27 Cast on a dridge mad with hard yolks of eggs. c1440Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 454 Make thenne a dragee of the yolkes of harde eyren broken. c1440Promp. Parv. 130/1 Dragge (v.rr. dragy, dradge), dragetum. 1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 367 Item..payed for a box of drege xx. d. 1530Palsgr. 215/1 Dradge, spyce, dragee. 1544T. Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1560) I vj b, By eatyng of a litle dredge, made of anyse seede and coriander. 1601Holland Pliny II. 108 A drage or pouder of it [thyme] with salt, brings the appetite againe. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country F. 48 Take fasting a Dredge made of Annise, Fennell, Caraway, and Coriander seed.
β1470–71Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III., Dragett.
2. A mixture of various kinds of grain, esp. of oats and barley, sown together. Now dial.[In Fr. dragée is a mixture of pease, vetches, beans, lentils, sown as a forage crop.] [1309in Registr. Monast. de Winchelcumba (1892) 304 Quatuor quarteria frumenti, et quatuor quarteria boni drageti.] 14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 596 Mixtilio, Draggeye. 14..Metrical Voc. Ibid. 625 Dragetum, draggé, mixtilioque, medylde corne. c1440Promp. Parv. 130/1 Dragge, menglyd corne (drage, or mestlyon, P.). 1533in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 55, ij quarters of barley and ij of drege. 1573Tusser Husb. xvi. (1878) 39 Sowe barlie and dredge, with a plentifull hand. 1601Holland Pliny I. 534 As touching the drage called Ocymum..it is a kind of forage or prouender for horses. 1611Bible Job xxiv. 6 margin, Mingled corn or dredge. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 324 Dredge, Oats and Barley mixed. 1888Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Dredge, mixed corn of several kinds, as oats, wheat, and barley sown together; done very commonly for game feed.
fig.1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 108 (R.) Choler is a miscellane seed (as it were).. and a dredge, made of all the passions of the mind.
3. Mining. Ore of a mixed quality intermediate between the rich and the worthless.
1875Ure's Dict. Arts II. 80 Detaching from each piece the inferior portions, and thus forming either prill or best dradge ore. 1875J. H. Collins Metal Mining 111 A quantity of material of a mixed nature, called ‘dredge’, or ‘roughs’, or ‘rows’, is often separated, on the one hand from the rich ore, on the other from the worthless waste.
4. Comb., as dredge-box, † (a) a box for holding dredges or comfits, etc., a drageoir; (b) = dredging-box: see dredge v.2; dredge corn (see quot.); dredge-malt, malt made of oats and barley; † dredge-powder, a powder of mixed spices, sugar, etc.
1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. clvii. [cliii]. 434 Two *dredge boxes of golde. 1812Chalmers Let. in Life (1851) I. 293 Eloquent upon her favourite subject of napery inventories and dredge-boxes.
1917Stat. Rules & Orders 1182 2 in Parl. Papers XXVI. 402 For the purposes of this Order, ‘*Dredge Corn’ shall mean a mixture of cereals, whether or not grown together, containing more than one cereal as a main constituent.
1496–7in Rogers Agric. & Prices III. 78/3 *Dregg malt. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 379 Mault of Oats, which mixt with that of barley, is call'd Dredg-mault.
1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 363 A *dredge powder: take fine powder of Licoras and Anniseeds, of each one pound, suger candy to pound, pepper and ginger, of each two ounces: mixe them and vse it for most inward griefes.
▪ III. dredge, v.1
Also 6–7 dreg, dregge, 7–8 drudge, 8 druge.
[Goes with dredge n.1]
1. trans. To collect and bring up (oysters, etc.) by means of a dredge; to bring up, fish up, or clear away or out (any object) from the bottom of a river, etc. Also fig.
1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 379 Thou sailit to get a dowcare, for to dreg it, It lyis closit in a clout on Seland cost. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 234 South Yenlet, notorious also for great Oisters, that be dredged thereaboutes. 1659E. Leigh Eng. Descr. 105 The salt savoury Oisters there dregged. a1705Ray Sel. Rem. 272 (L.) They dredge up from the bottom of the sea..white coral. 1776G. Semple Building in Water 34 We drudged all we could come at away. 1851Taylor Improvem. Tyne 77 Dredging out silt. 1863Kingsley Water Bab. vii. 265 You and I perhaps shall..dredge strange creatures such as man never saw before. 1878Huxley Physiogr. xvii. 286 A stone celt which was dredged up from the Thames.
2. intr. To make use of a dredge; to fish for (oysters, etc.), or to remove silt, etc. from the bottom of a river, etc., by means of a dredge.
1681S. Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 44 Some getting oyster-boats to dreg, Some making satires for to beg. 1711Act 9 Anne c. 26 Such persons as shall use to fish or druge within the limits of the said Fishery as common Fishermen or Drugermen. 1764Platt in Phil. Trans. LIV. 52 To use drag⁓nets as they do in drudging for oisters. 1863Lyell Antiq. Man 18 Mud..obtained by dredging in the adjoining shallow water.
3. trans. To clean out the bed or bottom of (a river, channel, harbour, etc.) by removing silt with a dredging apparatus.
1844Hull Dock Act 98 Repairing, altering, dredging, or improving the said docks. 1875J. H. Bennet Winter Medit. i. viii. (ed. 2) 242 The government has dredged the magnificent old port, which had been allowed to fill up.
Hence dredged ppl. a.
1867A. Barry Sir C. Barry vi. 158 The dredged bed of the river. 1894Daily News 26 Nov. 5/3 Built in a dredged-out berth or dock.
▪ IV. dredge, v.2
Also 7 dreg, 7–9 drudge.
[app. f. dredge n.2]
1. trans. To sprinkle (anything) with powder, esp. flour; orig. to sprinkle with some powdered mixture of sugar, spices, etc. Also fig.
1596Nashe Saffron Walden 48 A continuat Tropologicall speach..all to bee-spiced and dredged with sentences and allegories. 1611Beaum. & Fl. Scornful Lady ii. iii, Burnt figs, dreg'd with meal and powdered sugar. a1616― Bloody Brother ii. i. ad fin., My spice-box, gentlemen..Dredge you a dish of plovers, there's the art on't. 1750E. Smith Compl. Housew. 19 Drudge it with a little flour. 1851D. Jerrold St. Giles iv. 26 His..hair was dredged with grey.
2. To sprinkle (any powdered substance) over anything. Also transf.
1648Herrick Hesper., Pray & Prosper, The spangling dew dreg'd o're the grasse. 1741Compl. Fam. Piece i. ii. 98 Dredge grated Bread over it. 1853A. Soyer Pantroph. 288 Serve, having..dredged over them a little poppy-seed.
Hence ˈdredging vbl. n.; attrib. as dredging-box.
1611Cotgr., Rosti sanglant, a dredging with the powder of Hares bloud. 1709W. King Art of Cookery Let. v, Basting-ladles, dripping-pans, and drudging-boxes. 1751Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) IV. lxxxviii. 47 This all the flour in his drudging-box had not been able to whiten. 1851Beck's Florist Sept. 203 Sulphur is a well-known remedy, dusted on the leaves, while wet, from a dredging-box.
▪ V. dredge, -s
obs. form of dreg, -s, n. |