| 释义 |
▪ I. toilet, n.|ˈtɔɪlɪt|
Forms: 6 Sc. tulat, tolat, 7–8 toylet, 8 toylett, 7–9 toilette (now usu. twɑːˈlɛt), (8 toillette), 7– toilet; also 7 twil(l)et, (7–9 twilight). (Cf. twily in Eng. Dial. Dict., var. toily.)
[c gray][a. F. toilette (twalɛt[/c]), dim. of toile cloth: see toil n.2 Cf. tillet1.
Most, if not all, of the English senses are to be found in Fr. (see Littré), esp. in 17th cent. use.]
†1.
a. A piece of stuff used as a wrapper for clothes. Obs.
Also, in dictionaries, from Cotgrave, a night-dress bag; app. an error and never in Eng. use.
1540in Pitcairn Crim. Trials (1830) I. 302 For pointis to þe Cote and brekis, and ane Tulat to þe Cote..iij s. 1541Ibid. 318 For ix elnis blak freis, to lyne þe Cote... Item, for pointis and ane tolat to turs it to Sanct Johnestoune. 1611Cotgr., Toilette, a Toylet; the stuffe which Drapers lap about their clothes; also, a bag to put night-clothes, and buckeram, or other stuffe to wrap any other clothes, in. [1656Blount Glossogr., Toylet (Fr. toylette), a bag or cloth to put night clothes in. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Toilet, a bag or case for night-clothes.] †b. A towel or cloth thrown over the shoulders during hair-dressing; also, a shawl. Obs. rare.
1684J. Phillips in tr. Plutarch's Morals (1874) IV. 238 Pleasant..was the answer of Archelaus to the barber, who, after he had cast the linen toilet about his shoulders, put this question to him, How shall I trim your majesty? In silence, quoth the king. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. iii. 37 When they go abroad, they wear a Chal which is a kind of toilet of very fine Wool made at Cachmir.
2. A cloth cover for a dressing-table (formerly often of rich material and workmanship); now usually called a toilet-cover.
1682Lond. Gaz. No. 1739/4 A gold-coloured Tabby Twilet and Pincushion with Silver Lace. 1683Ibid. No. 1811/4 Stolen the 20th Instant, a Toilet of blew Velvet, with a Gold and Silver Fringe. 1696Phillips (ed. 5), Toilet, a kind of Table-cloth, or Carpet of Silk, Sattins, Velvet or Tissue, spread upon a Table in a Bed-chamber. 1703Countrey Farmer's Catech. (N. s.v. Knit-knot), Not to spend their time in knit-knots, patch-work, fine twilights. 1767Mrs. Delany Life & Corr. Ser. ii. (1862) I. 104 Your fancy about taking a gimp round the flowers on the toilet would be pretty, but too much work. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Toilet,..a cotton cover for a dressing-table.
3. collective. The articles required or used in dressing; the furniture of the toilet-table; toilet-service; also, † a case containing these (obs.).
1662Evelyn Diary 9 June, The greate looking-glasse and toilet of beaten and massive gold was given by the Queene Mother. 1718Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess of Mar 10 Mar., In her bedchamber, her toilet was displayed consisting of two looking-glasses [etc.]. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Toilet,..the dressing-box, wherein are kept the paints, pomatums, essences, patches, &c.; the pin-cushion, powder⁓box, brushes, &c. are esteemed parts of the equipage of a lady's toilet. 1815Chron. in Ann. Reg. 53/2 A superb toilet of plate. Ibid. 55/1 His toilet is of silver. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. iii. (1856) 26 To one long string was fastened..my entire toilet, a tooth-brush, a comb, and a hair-brush.
4. The table on which these articles are placed; a toilet-table.
c1695Prior Ode, ‘The merchant’, etc. 6 My darling lyre, Upon Euphelia's toilet lay. 1709― Hans Carvel 60 An untouch'd Bible grac'd her toilet: No fear that thumb of hers should spoil it. 1789Gibbon Autobiog. (1854) 100 My book was on every table, and almost on every toilette. 1803M. Charlton Wife & Mistress I. 118, I have made up a twilight in her room, and put my white taffety pin⁓cushion upon it. 1818Scott Br. Lamm. xxvi, On the toilette beside, stood an old-fashioned mirror, in a fillagree frame. 1838W. Wallace Mackintosh's Hist. Eng. VIII. v. 188 The letter of the princess Anne, said to have been left by her on her toilet, was not delivered.
5. a. The action or process of dressing, or, more recently, of washing and grooming.
Transf. from the table (sense 4) to the process there performed, app. through the phr. ‘at her toilet’.
1681tr. Combes' Versailles, etc. (1684) 32 She was given to understand, being at her Toilette, of the death of her Husband. 1712–14Pope Rape Lock iii. 24 The long labours of the Toilet cease. 1713Swift Cadenus & Vanessa 50 Ev'ry trifle that employs The out or inside of their heads Between their toylets and their beds. 1777F. Burney Early Diary (1889) II. 194 We were down before Mrs. Wall, whose toilette is an affair of moment. 1811B. Wynne Diary 18 Sept. in Wynne Diaries (1940) III. x. 340 We began our toilette which refreshed us much after the fatigue of having sat up the whole night. 1822W. Irving Braceb. Hall (1849) 51 She actually spent an hour longer at her toilette, and made her appearance with her hair uncommonly frizzed and powdered. 1826in Sheridaniana 309 One morning, when finishing his toilet. 1858Lytton What will he do ii. iv, Lionel's toilet was soon hurried over. 1890G. Gissing Emancipated I. i. iii. 83 But when at length he appeared at the dinner-table, once more fresh from his toilet, then did a gleam of animation transform his countenance. 1939T. S. Eliot Old Possum's Bk. Pract. Cats 20 They make their toilette and take their repose.
b. The reception of visitors by a lady during the concluding stages of her toilet: very fashionable in the 18th c. Now Hist. (Cf. toilet-call in 9.)
1703Steele Tend. Husb. i. i, You shall introduce him to Mrs. Clerimont's Toilet. 1765Chesterfield Let. to A. C. Stanhope 21 Mar., I carried him a little time ago to a lady's toilette, who was delighted with him. 1786F. Burney Diary 19 Aug., I am forced to deny all admission to my toilette, as it has never taken place without making me too late.
6. Manner or style of dressing; dress, costume, ‘get-up’; also, a dress or costume, a gown.
1752A. Hervey Let. 27 Nov. in 11th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. iv. 380 in Parl. Papers 1887 (C. 5060–111) XLVII. 309 'Tis so long (tell Lady Caroline) since I have seen so spruce a Toylet as hers. 1821Scott Kenilw. iii, His toilette had apparently cost him some labour, for his clothes..were of the newest fashion, and put on with great attention. 1821Sporting Mag. IX. 32 The lady was beautiful, her tourneure distinguished, her toilette elegant. 1849Thackeray Pendennis xxiv, Madame noted every article of toilette which the ladies wore. 1867Latham Black & White 128 We observed some show of evening toilet. 1883Truth 31 May 745/2 Lady Dudley's black toilette was much admired. 1889Gunter That Frenchman x, This toilet is a mass of fleecy muslin.
7. A dressing-room; in U.S. esp. a dressing-room furnished with bathing facilities. Hence, a bath-room, a lavatory; (contextually), a lavatory bowl or pedestal; a room or cubicle containing a lavatory.
1819Byron Juan i. cliii, There is the closet, there the toilet. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Toilette (French), a dressing-table; an ante-room for dressing. 1895in Funk's Stand. Dict. 1909in Cent. Dict. Supp. 1917C. R. Wadhams Simple Directions for Chambermaid 50 The toilet should be kept absolutely clean. Hot water with washing soda or cleanser is often needed to clean it thoroughly, using the chamber-cloth or toilet brush for that purpose. 1930F. J. Eble tr. Grisar's Martin Luther v. 108 In the second story of this tower there was a so-called hypocaust, i.e., a furnace-room, and beneath it the toilet (cloaca) of the monks. 1955A. Huxley Genius & Goddess 109 She..poured the perfume into the toilet and pulled the plug. 1957J. Braine Room at Top xxiv. 196 You could watch me on the toilet. 1959S. Gibbons Pink Front Door xviii. 222 Such a gentleman..always pretended not to see you if he met you coming out of the toilet. 1968B. Hines Kestrel for Knave 193 He struck a match. A moment while it flared, then two urinals, a toilet in a doorless cubicle, and the sink without a tap. 1979L. & J. Brown Our Miracle called Louise i. 16 A harsh voice beat against the door of a toilet at the home. I had bolted myself inside.
8. transf. from 5.
a. Surgery. The cleansing of a part after an operation.
b. The cleaning up of a street, a ship, etc.
c. Preparation for execution (in Fr. form toilette: see Littré s.v. Toilette 10 a).
a.1879Brit. Med. Jrnl. 24 May 790 Spencer Wells, by his careful toilette of the peritoneum. 1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., Toilet of the peritoneum, cleansing the abdominal cavity after abdominal section.
b.1901Daily Tel. 9 Mar. 9/6 The toilet of London—to use the picturesque phrase of an authority consulted yesterday—cannot be satisfactory unless the streets are flushed with water every night. 1907C. Urban Cinematograph 21 The performance of the toilet of an ocean greyhound.
c.1885Du Cane Punishm. & Prev. Crime ii. 23 The hangman was not allowed to enter the gaol even to receive his wage, but was paid over the gates, the ‘toilette’ or pinioning being performed by the ‘yeomen of the halter’. 1903Ld. R. Gower Rec. & Remin. 281 The ghastly ceremony of his toilette [for the guillotine], as they call the pinioning and cutting off the hair at the back of his head.
9. attrib. and Comb.
a. Of or pertaining to the toilet (mainly sense 7): as toilet article, toilet bucket, toilet-call (see 5 b), toilet-can, toilet-chamber, toilet jug, toilet kit, toilet-pail, toilet-quilt, toilet-service, toilet-set, toilet-soap, toilet-stand, toilet-tidy, toilet ware, etc.; toilet block, toilet bowl, toilet lid, toilet seat, toilet stall, toilet tank.
1848Thackeray Van. Fair vii, [She] examined the dreary pictures and toilette appointments.
1868Mich. Agric. Rep. VII. 351 Perfumery toilet articles. 1981‘J. Ross’ Dark Blue & Dangerous iv. 23 He checked the essentially male shaver and toilet articles.
1976Star (Sheffield) 26 Nov. 26/5 A two-classroom mobile unit and toilet block.
1947E. Hodgins Mr. Blandings builds his Dream House ii. xii. 164 One bathroom seemed all but finished... A toilet bowl was in place. 1983Out of Town Dec. 16/3 We could at least instal the odd alligator in the toilet-bowl.
1957H. Roosenburg Walls came tumbling Down 11 A guard would..open one cell, and allow two prisoners to come out, one with the toilet bucket, the other with the water jug.
1827Carlyle Germ. Rom. I. 26 Toilette calls were not in fashion.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Toilet-can, a tin can for water for a dressing-room...
1853James Agnes Sorel (1860) I. 87 When they had entered his toilet-chamber, the Duke cast himself into a chair.
1873J. H. Ewing Flat Iron for Farthing iv. 37, I fancied that I heard the familiar sound of Rubens lapping water from the toilette jug in my room at home. 1913C. Mackenzie Sinister Street I. ii. iv. 198 After trying to soak a shadowy tomcat down below with water from the toilet-jug Michael and Alan would undress.
1922S. Lewis Babbitt xiii. 163 The leather seat piled with dingy toilet-kits, and the air nauseating with the smell of soap and toothpaste. 1982D. Bagley Windfall xxii. 221 Stafford took his toilet kit and went into the bathroom.
1848Thackeray Van. Fair xxxi, He would make a present of the silver essence-bottles and toilet knicknacks to a young lady.
1971J. D. MacDonald Seven (1974) vi. 143 Turned toilet lid down. Sat on it.
1721Cibber Refusal ii. i, Vanity is the only fruit of toilette lucubrations.
1909E. Banks Myst. Frances Farrington xiv. 162 Toilet odds and ends, such as hair-pins, safety-pins,..thread and needles.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Toilet-pail, a tin pail for holding slops in a bedroom.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Toilet-quilt, a bed-cover or cover for the dressing-table.
1941N. Last Diary 4 Aug. in Nella Last's War (1983) 165, I remember washing the floor and toilet seat. 1982J. Aiken Whisper in Night 114 A small round lavatory, with a mahogany Victorian toilet seat.
1855Geo. Eliot in Fraser's Mag. June 706/1 A decanter and a sugar-basin or pie-dish, are an ample toilette service for them.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Toilet-set, Toilet-service, earthenware and glass utensils for a dressing-room. 1890O. Wilde Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) viii. 138 A chased silver Louis-Quinze toilet-set. 1977G. Marton Alarum 6 The New Yorkers on top of Claire's toilet set.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1147 Ordinary soft toilet soap... The fat generally preferred is good hog's lard.
1978R. Ludlum Holcroft Covenant xxiii. 265 If they let the weapon through, he was to reassemble it immediately, in the toilet stall of a men's room.
1766Gentl. Mag. Dec. 558/1 A beautiful alabaster..intended for..her toilet-stand.
1974R. B. Parker Godwulf Manuscript xvi. 126 There was nothing in the toilet tank.
1912N.E.D. s.v. tidy sb. c, Toilet-tidy. 1921D. H. Lawrence Let. 10 Nov. (1962) 674, I haven't heard from him, so I can't send him..a set of toilet-tidies until I do. 1928A. M. Davies Bk. with Seven Seals xvii. 380 Mary Anne was not inspired with any admiration for the antimacassars and toilet-tidies that she made.
1864Hist. North-Western Soldiers' Fair (Chicago) 168, 1 set fancy toilet ware. 1977Western Morning News 30 Aug. 2/3 Woolland, Son & Manico have received instructions from private vendors to sell by auction..toilet ware.
b. Special Comb.: toilet-basket, a wicker dressing-case; toilet box, a box containing toilet articles; toilet brush, (a) a brush used in washing and grooming; (b) a lavatory brush; † toilet-cap, a cap formerly worn by men of fashion while dressing; toilet-case, a dressing-case; toilet-cloth, a cloth for the toilet-table; toilet club (see quot. 1966); toilet-cover, toilet-cloth; toilet-cup, a cup, vase, or the like used as a receptacle for small articles of the toilet; toilet-glass, a looking-glass for dressing, a toilet-table mirror; toilet humour = lavatory humour s.v. lavatory n. 8; toilet paper, soft paper prepared: † (a) for shaving, hair-curling, etc.; (b) for use in lavatories; also attrib.; toilet powder, a form of dusting powder employed in the toilet, talcum powder; toilet roll, a roll of toilet paper (b); also attrib.; toilet-room, a dressing-room; in U.S. spec. a lavatory or bath-room (Funk's Stand. Dict. 1895); toilet-sponge, a sponge of fine texture for washing; toilet-table, a dressing-table furnished with the utensils and materials of the toilet; toilet tent, a tent serving as a lavatory; toilet tissue, tissue for use as toilet paper (b); toilet-training vbl. n., the training of a child to adopt acceptable habits of urination and defecation; hence toilet-train v. trans., toilet-trained ppl. a.; toilet-vase: see toilet-cup; toilet-vinegar, aromatic vinegar used as an emollient; toilet-water, perfumed liquid for the toilet.
1908Westm. Gaz. 23 Jan. 4/2 The new automobile *toilet basket is just the thing to carry when touring... It contains..everything necessary for the toilet.
1774J. Wedgwood Let. 2 Mar. (1965) 158 We shall send you some *Toilet boxes. 1869Lady C. Schreiber Jrnl. (1950) I. 10 A fan-shaped toilet box made of Chelsea china. 1936Burlington Mag. July 26/1 The tall rectangular toilet-box bears the old standard hall-marks of 1723–24.
1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 33/2 Rubber *Toilet Brush. For the nails and hands. 1917Toilet brush [see sense 7 above]. 1976Sunday Mail (Glasgow) 26 Dec. 5/7 We went into a bar and found a toilet brush in the gents which still had a price label on it.
1660Pepys Diary 3 Sept., To get [my Lord]..a *toilet cap, and comb case of silk, to make use of in Holland.
1879S. F. P. Stepping Westward 8 My *toilet case for my brush and comb. 1889H. F. Wood Englishman Rue Caïn xi, One of our governesses had a toilette-case sent her as a present.
1884W. S. Gilbert Princess Ida ii. 69 He grew moustachios, and he took his tub, And he paid a gui-nea to a *toi-let club—And he paid a gui-nea to a toi-let club. 1966J. S. Cox Illustr. Dict. Hairdressing & Wigmaking 150/2 Toilet club, a barber's shop which, in the 19th cent., offered reduced charges to clients who paid a regular quarterly or yearly subscription.
1838C. Gilman Recoll. Southern Matron xxix. 207 The bride's chamber..neatly set off with white curtains and *toilet cover. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Toilet-cover. 1904E. Nesbit Phœnix & Carpet xii. 226 He's pulled the toilet-cover off the dressing-table with all the brushes and pots and things.
1818M. Edgeworth Let. 29 Oct. (1971) 132 Long rolling *toilette glass and every piece of furniture belonging to better times. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair lviii, The dreary little toilet-glass on the dressing-table.
1956Auden & Kallman Magic Flute (1957) 60 Indulged in *toilet-humour with his cousin.
1884Stationers' & Booksellers' Jrnl. 31 Mar. 3/1 An attractively put-up packet of *toilet paper. 1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 340/1 Automatic toilet paper rack... Only one sheet of paper can be drawn at a time. 1956[see lavatory paper s.v. lavatory n. 8]. 1976M. H. Kingston Woman Warrior (1977) 181 Her sister went into one of the stalls and got handfuls of toilet paper and wiped her off.
1840Picayune (New Orleans) 28 July 4/1 [Merchandise includes]..perfumed *toilet and pearl powders. 1898W. J. Locke Idols viii. 107 A delicate odour of toilette-washes and powder hung on the warmth of the room.
1934A. P. Herbert Holy Deadlock 172 Mr. Rigby..propped the door open with a *toilet roll. 1961Guardian 20 Jan. 2/7, 17 toilet roll holders..have been broken or stolen. 1982Times 1 June 18/6 There would seem to be very little difference between one soft toilet roll and another.
1794M. J. Holroyd in Girlhood of M. J. H. (1896) 289 We have put a *Toilette Table and a neat Pembroke Table..in your own Room. 1902Daily Chron. 20 June 10/4 Visitors to London..see her now at her toilet table.
1969Guardian 2 Sept. 6/7 A crushed marquee, two burnt-out *toilet tents, and a partly demolished fence.
1968N. Giovanni in W. King Black Short Story Anthol. (1972) 30 We'd get slightly used *toilet tissue with an article on it or brown paper bags with short sayings or just a note to say they dig us. 1982Verbatim Summer 5/1 Take lavatory paper, or, in the genteel euphemism of Adspeak, toilet tissue.
1951Med. Jrnl. Austral. XXXVIII. ii. 111/2 Of our 73 children, 43 were *toilet trained with impatience. 1961Guardian 8 May 6/1 When a baby shows signs of being ‘toilet trained’ a mother can look forward to the end of nappy washing. 1980A. Cornelisen Flight from Torregreca x. 202 The long process of toilet training her children.
1940Time 15 Apr. 48/1 *Toilet Training. 1955B. Spock Baby & Child Care 177 Sometimes parents make a great fuss about toilet training. 1964M. Argyle Psychol. & Social Probl. i. 19 An example of a Freudian hypothesis which has been definitely refuted is the hypothesis that early or traumatic toilet training should lead to an anal personality. 1973E.-J. Bahr Nice Neighbourhood ii. 19, I hope Women's Lib never gets to hear about it, but..it was like fun to sit and talk about toilet training.
1874Birch 1st & 2nd Egypt. Rooms Brit. Mus. 32 The present *toilet-vase is a remarkably fine example of this kind of ware [glazed steatite].
1867M. E. Herbert Cradle L. viii. 218 Even scented soap and *toilette vinegar were ransacked from his stores.
1855Dickens Dorrit ii. xiv, A bottle of sweet *toilette water.
Hence toiˈletic a. nonce-wd., of or pertaining to the toilet.
1879Baker Cyprus 13 He..plunged into..their numerous small packages, rumpling clean linen, and producing a toilettic chaos.
▸ fig. colloq.down the toilet: into a bad state; to rock bottom, nowhere (cf. pan n.1 1c). in the toilet: in a bad state; ruined.
1967Times 20 Oct. 3/5 He said that England was ‘going down the toilet’. 1972Daily Times-News (Burlington, N. Carolina) 17 Feb. 16 a/3 The movie business has gone down the toilet. 1979Washington Post (Nexis) 8 Apr. g1 We are doing action-adventure television. If they just ran into wonderful warm people every week, the ratings would really be in the toilet. 1980TWA Ambassador Oct. 82/3 The gold market went right down the toilet. 1991J. Phillips You'll never eat Lunch in this Town Again 160 [He] is one of those guys who shows up just in time to put your marriage in the toilet for good. 1997When Sat. Comes Jan. 36/1 The cameraman..could spend an age perfecting his angles, positions and profiles, but then see the whole lot disappear down the toilet as a result of somebody deliberately knocking everything over.
▸ A bar, public house, club, or (esp. Brit.) music venue, regarded as resembling a public toilet in some way, esp. in being small, run-down, or disreputable.
1970Playboy Sept. 48/2 The depressing daytime look of second-rate clubs in third-rate towns on the toilet circuit. 1979I. Melchior Watchdays of Abaddon iii. 38 Here the bars were real ‘toilets’. Prostitutes—male and female—hustling their bodies. 1995J. Miller Voxpop xii. 169 I've been in bands in the past and played just about every toilet in London. 2002Japan Times 8 May 14/2 After eight years plying speedy garage-punk at about 1,500 gigs in toilet venues across Scandinavia..they were just about covering rent and booze bills.
▸ toilet break n. a break (often of a prescribed or limited duration) taken to use the toilet.
1961Ironwood (Mich.) Daily Globe 12 Sept. 3/4 Whether 12 minutes is a sufficiently long *toilet break..is an issue between many unions and their plant managements. 1998S. Bertmann Hyperculture i. 11 A two-way video system that lets him monitor his workers even when they take a toilet break. 2007Daily Record (Nexis) 27 Jan. 52 We had a match point in the second set which we lost so we took a toilet break to regroup.
▪ II. toilet, v.|ˈtɔɪlɪt|
[f. prec. n.]
a. intr. To perform one's toilet, to wash and attire oneself.
b. trans. To furnish with a toilet; to dress, attire.
1840Haliburton Letter Bag i. 7 Rose and toileted, went on deck. 1850‘Peter Crook’ War of Hats 52 A Guy Fawkes figure toiletted and chaired. 1893Leland Mem. II. 177 As soon as I had toiletted and gone below.
c. To assist or supervise in using a toilet (sense 7); refl. to use a toilet unaided.
1954F. G. Blake Child, his Parents & Nurse v. 150 Some children stay awake after they have been toileted. 1973Lancet 9 June 1301/1 The same type of elderly patient..may be..wheeled to the toilet in sanitary chairs, or toileted on these within the ward. 1976Listener 19 Feb. 206/1 He is 100 per cent physically and mentally handicapped... He cannot walk, talk, feed or toilet himself.
Hence ˈtoileted ppl. a., dressed, costumed, garbed (chiefly as second element); ˈtoileting vbl. n.
1864‘P. Paterson’ Glimpses of Real Life xxx. 289 There is a gay cavalcade of exquisitely-‘toileted’ ladies. 1875B. Harte John Oakhurst Wks. 1880 III. 120 And then the long hotel piazza came in view, efflorescent with the full-toileted fair. 1882A. Edwardes Ballroom Repentance I. 3 There wasn't a well toiletted woman there. 1954F. G. Blake Child, his Parents & Nurse v. 157 Until the child has thoroughly mastered his impulses to soil and has incorporated his mother's standards into his conscience, successful achievement in toileting is dependent upon his reward (mother's pride and acceptance). 1977Lancet 17 Dec. 1294/2 She was found to be depressed, occasionally aggressive, and totally dependent on others in all self-care activities, including feeding, toileting, and grooming. |