| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ thus, n.|θʌs, θuːs|
[Late L. thūs, thūr-, cl. L. tūs, tūr-, generally held to be f. Gr. θύος, -εος sacrifice, offering, incense; cf. θύ-ειν to sacrifice.]
1. Frankincense.
a. Olibanum.
b. Resin obtained from the spruce-fir, and from various species of pine. American thus, the resin of the Long-leaved Pine, Pinus palustris, and the Frankincense or Loblolly Pine, P. Tæda, both of the southern U.S.
[a1387Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 42 Thus album, i. olibanum, franke ensens.] 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. (Bodl. MS.) lf. 232 b/2 Thus is þe name of a tre & of þe gomme þat woseþ and comeþ oute þerof. Ibid. 233/1 Thus is beste þat is white faste and sounde and euelong. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Thus or Tus, Frankincense, Incense. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 201 Thus, or Frankincense, is a Kind of white or yellowish Rosin. 1842Brande Dict. Sc., etc., Thus, the resin of the spruce fir. The term frankincense is also applied to it. 1880C. R. Markham Peruv. Bark xvi. 185 A milk-white fragrant resin, of a nature analogous to gum thus or gum elemi.
†2. By early writers, taken also as name of the tree yielding olibanum or frankincense. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. (Bodl. MS.) lf. 232 b/2 Thus is a tre of Arabia..And therof comeþ Iuse wiþ good smelle & is white as almaundes. 1398[see sense 1].
▪ II. thus, adv. Now chiefly literary or formal.|ðʌs|
Forms: α. 1–3 ðus, 1–5 þus, 3 þuss (Orm.), ð-, þusse, 3–4 þos, 4 þous, Sc. thws, 6 Sc. thuss, 4– thus. β. 3 (Orm.) tuss, 3–4 tus, 5 tas; (also 1, 4 dus).
[= OS. thus, MDu., Du. dus, app. f. the demonstrative stem of that or this, but the pre-Teut. history is obscure. OHG. and MHG. have sus, MDu., Du. zus, which appear to belong to the stem of so. Cf. also this adv.]
1. In this way, like this.
a. In the way just indicated. † and thus far forth, and so forth, ‘and the like’ (obs. rare—1). (In quot. c 1430 pleonastically before such.)
c725Corpus Gloss. 26 Sicini [siccine], ac ðus. c888K. ælfred Boeth. xvi. §4 Ða se Wisdom ða þis [spell] ðus areaht hæfde. 971Blickl. Hom. 7 Hu mæᵹ þis þus ᵹeweorþan? c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke xxiv. 46 Ðus is awriten & þus ᵹebyrede crist þolian. c1200Ormin 235–7, & tuss ȝho seȝȝde inn hire þohht..Þuss hafeþþ Drihhtin don wiþþ me. 1340Ayenb. 52 Þos he lyest al his time, and þe niȝt: and þane day. Ibid. 71 Þous geþ al oure lyf. 1375Barbour Bruce ii. 508 Thws in the hyllis levyt he. c1430Life St. Kath. (1884) 45 By þus suche tormentes þou schalt somtyme se me wyth sayntes in blis. 1530Palsgr. 720/1 You ought to be a shamed to skowlde thus as you do. 1606Holland Sueton. 103 Victualling houses, tavernes and thus farre foorth. 1689Hickeringill Wks. (1716) II. 39 Thus the Hogen-Dutchman got Money. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 459 It is thus that our general maxims become the sources of error. 1840Lardner Geom. 98 The base and altitude of the parallelogram thus formed. 1847C. Brontë J. Eyre iv, When thus gentle, Bessie seemed to me the best, prettiest, kindest being in the world. 1908[Miss E. Fowler] Betw. Trent & Ancholme 249 And thus the music goes on.
b. In the following manner; as follows; in these words.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xvi. §4 Ða ong[an he] eft ᵹiddian & þus cwæð. a900O.E. Martyrol. 23 Apr. 60 Ond he sanctus Georgius him to dryhtne ᵹebæd ond þus cwæd: ‘Hælende Crist’. c975Rushw. Gosp. Matt. i. 18 Kristes soþlice kennisse þus wæs. c1200Vices & Virt. 3 Godes awene muðe, ðe ðus seið: ‘Vade prius [etc.]’. a1300XV Signs bef. Judgm. 33 in E.E.P. (1862) 8 Þe first tokning sal be þusse..þe sterris..sal adun..be cast. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 61 On þe Wissonday..Com bode to þe kyng, & þus gan þei seie, Þat [etc.]. 1418S. Thomas in E.E. Wills (1883) 38 Knowe alle men þat I..make þus my testament. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxv. 28 The dergy [dirige] begynis thuss. 1697Dryden æneid ii. 2 From his lofty couch he thus began. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. x, After tea..she began thus. 1837Lockhart Scott xliv, On the 13th [of May 1819] he wrote thus to Captain Ferguson.
c. In the manner now being indicated or exemplified.
c1440York Myst. vii. 6 Here vn-to you þus am I sente. 1535Coverdale Jer. li. 64 When thou hast redde out the boke, bynde a stone to it, and cast it in the myddest of Euphrates, and saye: Euen thus shal Babilon syncke. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. ii. 203 While grace is saying hood mine eyes Thus with my hat. 1605― Macb. ii. i. 49 It is the bloody Businesse, which informes Thus to mine Eyes. 1727W. Mather Yng. Man's Comp. 36 A Period or full Stop, thus mark't (.). 1812J. Wilson Isle of Palms ii. 423 But why thus gleams Fitz-Owen's eye? 1850Tennyson In Mem. xcviii. 1 Risest thou thus, dim dawn?
d. Ellipt. for thus says, said (referring either to a preceding or subsequent speech). poet. or arch.
1568Grafton Chron. II. 632 Thus much Hall. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 79 To whom thus Michael: Justly thou abhorr'st [etc.]. 1757W. Wilkie Epigon. vi. 164 Cassandra thus; and thus the Paphian maid: Your gen'rous love [etc.]. 1847Tennyson Princess 160 ‘And yet, to speak the truth, I rate your chance Almost at naked nothing’. Thus the king; And I [etc.].
e. thus and thus, expressing minuteness or detail in the description given.
13..Cursor M. 26203 (Fairf.) Þus & þus do þi penaunce [Cott. For þus, and þus, þou do penance]. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) i. xxi. (1859) 21 Suche day and tyme he dyde thus and thus. 1535Coverdale 1 Kings xiv. 5 Speake thou therfore vnto her thus & thus. 1605Shakes. Lear i. ii. 114 The wisedome of Nature can reason it thus, and thus, yet Nature finds [etc.]. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. iii. ii. §5 One of the same kind with our selves, thus and thus formed. 1892Kipling & Balestier Naulahka xviii. 211 Now we are come to our Kingdom, And the State is thus and thus. 1909H. G. Wells Tono-Bungay ii. iv. 200 Nobody, no book, ever came and said to me, thus and thus is the world made and so and so is necessary. Ibid. 225 Thus and thus it was the Will in things had its way with me. 1942R. Chandler Let. 15 Mar. (1981) 20 The reader expects thus and thus of Chandler because he did it before.
f. Preceded by redundant as. (Cf. as conj. 34.)
1426Lydg. De Guil.'s Pilgr. 4195, I mene as thus: conceyveth al [etc.]. 1430–40― Bochas (Bodl. MS.) lf. 144, I meane as thus, I ha no fresshe licour. Ibid. 150/2, I meane as thus, yeff ther be set a lawe. c1450― Secrees 757, I mene as thus by a dyvisioun Toward hym sylff kepe his Estat Royal. 1847C. Brontë J. Eyre xxxvii, When I have clasped her once more to my heart, as I do now; and kissed her, as thus. 1865J. T. White in Reader No. 139. 234/1 The article next proceeds as thus.
g. thus and so = so-and-so a., adv. 2. dial. and U.S.
1824W. Carr Craven Dial. i. 6 Hees lang been vara indifferent, and hees now nobbud thus an seea. 1901F. E. Taylor Folk-Speech S. Lancashire s.v. Thus an'-so, ‘Heawsto bin gerrin' on?’ ‘Well, nobbo thus an' so.’ 1904N.Y. Even. Post 23 Apr., The statement that matters will result thus and so ‘if the crops turn out all right’. 1924R. M. Ogden tr. Koffka's Growth of Mind iii. 100 The present situation appears..not as one that is constituted thus-and-so. 1932Atlantic Monthly Apr. 407/1 We know why we stand thus and so in the sample of conflicting faiths.
2. In accordance with this; accordingly, and so; consequently; therefore.
c1200Ormin Pref. 81, & tuss iss Crist Amminadab Þurrh gastliȝ witt ȝehatenn, Forr þatt he toc o rode daeþ Wiþþ all hiss fulle wille. c1315Shoreham vii. 859 And þos þat chyld to nyȝt y-bore, Þaȝ hyt deyde, hyt were for-lore Ȝef crystnynge nere. c1407H. Scogan Moral Balade 97 (MS. Ashm.) By avncetrye þus may yee no-thing clayme. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iii. i. 17 Thus (for my duties sake) I rather chose To crosse my friend..Then [etc.]. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 34 Thus, for example, the signs of tempest off the Cape of Good-Hope far exceed those on our coasts. 1857Buckle Civiliz. I. i. 19 Thus we have man modifying nature, and nature modifying man. 1892Stevenson Across the Plains 144 In this path he must thus have preceded..all contemporary roundeleers.
3. Qualifying an adj. or adv.: To this extent, number, or degree; as..as this; so; esp. thus far, to this point (often used to indicate the end of a quotation); thus much, so much, as much as this. In quot. 1393 correlative to as = as..as (obs.).
Beowulf 336 Ne seah ic elþeodiᵹe þus maniᵹe men modiᵹlicran. a700Epinal Gloss. (O.E.T.) 1037 Tantisper, þus suiþae. c725Corpus Gloss. 1982 Ðus suiðe. a800Erfurt Gloss. 1037 Dus suidae. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 316 Seᵹe me, beceapode ᵹe ðus micel landes? c1205Lay. 29625 Woldest þu þus sone faren aȝein to Rome? a1250Owl & Night. 758 For ic kan craft & ic kan lyste & þarfore ic am þus þriste. c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 904 But thus moche dar I sayn. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 181 Hue is assoilid þus [v.r. as] sone as hure self lykeþ. a1451Fortescue Wks. (1869) 550 Thus longe ys the cooste of Englonde on the oon syde of hym by see. 1531Dial. on Laws Eng. ii. xlv. Q iij b, There shall not be layde vpon a ded persone but..thus many tapers or candels. 1578Banister Hist. Man i. 22, I write thus much for the excuse of Vesalius, because he is so apertly reproved. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. i. ii. 104 Therefore let me be thus bold with you. 1599― Hen. V, Epil., Thus farre..Our bending Author hath pursu'd the Story. 1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. 803 Thus far 'tis duty: but here fix the mark. 1746Francis Hor., Epist. i. xvii. 55 Then you confess, That who succeeds, thus difficult his Part, Gives the best Proof of Courage. 1823Southey Hist. Penins. War I. xii. 617 The happy issue, thus far, of their civil administration. 1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan 53 Yet you can speak thus calmly of unsaying All we have said. 1888Freeman in Stephens Life (1895) II. 374 The legend..has thus much of foundation.
Hence † thus v. intr. (nonce-use), to do thus.
1605Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. iv. Captaines 212 Six dayes together had the Hebrews thus't About the Town, seven times the Seventh they must. |