| 释义 |
▪ I. † eˈvaporate, pa. pple. and ppl. a. Obs.
[ad. L. ēvapōrāt-us, pa. pple. of ēvapōrā-re: see next.]
= evaporated.
1607Topsell Serpents (1658) 599 All the humour acquired, is consumed into a loose and evaporate flesh. 1671True Nonconf. 259 That both your Reason and Religion are evaporat. 1730Thomson Autumn 1210 The filmy threads Of dew evaporate.
▪ II. evaporate, v.|ɪˈvæpəreɪt|
Also 6 evaperatt, 7 -ourate.
[f. late L. ēvapōrāt- ppl. stem of ēvapōrā-re, f. ē- out + vapor, vapōr-is steam, vapour. Cf. Fr. évaporer.]
1. trans. To convert or turn into vapour; to convert from a solid or liquid into a gaseous state; to drive off in the form of vapour. Said both of natural and personal agents. to evaporate † in or evaporate into: to change by evaporation into.
1555Eden Decades 336 Euaporatynge the quickesyluer from it in a styllatory of glasse. 1604James I Counterbl. (Arb.) 104 The raynie cloudes are often transformed and euaporated in blustering winds. a1648Digby Closet Open. (1677) 18 Clove gilly flowers must never be boiled in the liquor: that evaporateth their spirits. 1794J. Hutton Philos. Light, &c. 193 When we expose such a body to a burning heat..the aqueous part is evaporated. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 64 In the leaves much of the water of the sap is evaporated. 1836Emerson Nat., Commodity Wks. (Bohn) II. 144 The wind sows the seed; the sun evaporates the sea. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxvi. (1856) 325 The snow began to move, and fell, leaving a moist stain. This was either evaporated or frozen instantly.
b. fig.
1616Pasquil & Kath. iii. 250 Blacke sorrow, nurse of plaints..Euaporate my spirit with a sigh, That it may hurrie after his sweet breath. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. iii. (1851) 111 Evaporating and exhaling the internall worship into empty conformities and gay shewes. 1647May Hist. Parl. i. vii. 73 They would evaporate and dis-spirit the power and vigour of Religion. 1877L. Tollemache in Fortn. Rev. Dec. 846 Did the Jews..dream of spiritually evaporating the plain prediction about David?
2. intr. To become vapour; to pass off or become dissipated in vapour. Also † to evaporate to.
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 10 Being put into the fornace [this metal] doth not euaporate.. neyther doth it lesse of hys waight. 1601Holland Pliny xiii. i. (R.), The sweet odour..would evaporate and soone be lost. 1683Pettus Fleta Min. i. (1686) 122 If such an earthen Jug should crack..the Quicksilver will be lost, and will evaporate to smoak. 1698J. Keill Exam. Th. Earth (1734) 155 They [animal liquors] must evaporate and be exhaled by the extreme heat. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 369 Water is known to evaporate more powerfully in the severest frost, than when the air is moderately warm. 1858Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Phil., Heat 319 There is no temperature, however low, at which water will not evaporate.
3. fig.
a. Of things: To pass off like vapour; to be wasted or dissipated. Const. into.
a1631Donne in Select. (1840) 116, I shall have a joy, which shall no more evaporate, than my soul shall evaporate. 1649Selden Laws Eng. ii. xxxiii. (1739) 149 Much of the Riches of the Nation evaporated into the Wars both Civil and Foreign. a1745Swift (J.), The enemy takes a surer way to consume us, by letting our courage evaporate against stones and rubbish. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. (1869) II. xlii. 584 These hostile menaces evaporated without effect. 1833Lamb Elia Ser. ii. iv. (1865) 263 By this subtle vent half of the hatefulness of the character evaporates. 1862Burton Bk. Hunter 211 His memory has utterly evaporated with the departure of his own generation.
b. humorously of persons: To become missing, vanish from sight or existence.
1727Pope, etc. Art of Sinking 119 Any other person [than the hero of the poem] who may be lost and evaporate in the course of the work. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian vii, I would fain evaporate through that door myself. 1821Byron Let. to Moore 1 Oct., You should have more, if I evaporate [i.e. die] within a reasonable time. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. vi, Bob and Jonathan with similar meekness took their leave and evaporated.
4. trans. To expose or subject to evaporation; to drive off the liquid part of; to reduce by evaporation to (a residuum, a denser state). Also absol.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. iii. 68 If the menstruum or dissolvent be evaporated to a consistence. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Evaporate to a Pellicle. 1799G. Smith Laborat. I. 435 Evaporate to the consistence of honey. 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 536 Evaporate to dryness an alcoholic solution of the resin of guaiacum. 1877W. Thomson Voy. Challenger I. i. 33 For evaporating or heating in flasks or beakers a small sand-bath..has been found very useful.
5. intr. To exhale moisture; to part with liquid particles by evaporation.
1799G. Smith Laborat. i. 86 Let this solution evaporate over a fire until it becomes thickish. 1844–57G. Bird Urin. Deposits (ed. 5) 149 If a solution of it be allowed to evaporate spontaneously on a glass plate. 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 191 A substance..is dissolved in water, and the solution allowed gradually to evaporate.
†6. trans. To emit in the form of vapour; to give vent to, exhale; to lose (perfume, strength, etc.) by evaporation. Also absol. Obs.
1611Cotgr., Spiracle, a hole to let ayre..in and out; also, a hole that euaporates a strong or pestilent ayre. a1631Donne in Select. (1840) 192 By long lying they have exhaled, and evaporated, and breathed out all their gross matter. 1646J. Hall Poems 52 As flowers assoone as smelled at Evaporate, Even so this shadow, ere our eyes Can view it, flies. 1684T. Burnet Th. Earth II. 67 After a gentle rain..the warmth of the sun makes them [flowers] evaporate more freely. 1702W. J. Bruyn's Voy. Levant liv. 211 The Smoke of the Lamps is evaporated by three Funnels that are at the Roof. 1715Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. 46 Having vents..through which the offensive smell is evaporated.
†b. fig. (Cf. Fr. évaporer la bile).
1591Horsey Trav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 188 His stomake full of their treasonable purposes, must evaperatt somwhat for revenge. 1650–3tr. Hales' Dissert. de Pace in Phenix (1708) II. 370 Any one but him who..hath quite evaporated, and breath'd out all charity. 1651Reliq. Wotton. (1685) 105 My Lord of Essex chose to evaporate his thoughts in a Sonnet. 1711Addison Spect. No. 116 ⁋8 It might conduce very much to evaporate the Spleen.
†7. intr. To be emitted in the form of vapour; to be exhaled. Obs.
1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde Y vj, Humors..the whiche daylye and hourely, by vnsensyble swettinge, euaporatith and yssueth furthe. 1622Venner Via Recta 2 Filthy vapours evaporating or breathing out of standing pooles. 1694Crowne Regulus i. 8 A ghost? a damp evaporates from the word Which sickens me to death. 1799Med. Jrnl. I. 464 Rendering the syphilitic poison inert, the moment it begins to evaporate.
†8. trans. To subject to a vapour-bath; to steam. Obs. Cf. evaporation 5.
1610P. Barrough Meth. Physick iii. liii. (1639) 186 Moreover the wombe must be evaporated and fomented with odoriferous things.
Hence eˈvaporated ppl. a.
1846G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. II. 52 Residue of evaporated whey, 78·0. 1870Daily News 23 Sept., The Swiss and American preparations of evaporated milk. 1875H. Spencer First Princ. ii. iv. §52. 173 The evaporated water..may be brought by condensation to its original shape.
▪ III. evaporate, n. rare.|ɪˈvæpəreɪt|
[f. the vb.]
= evaporite.
1920A. W. Grabau Textbk. Geol. I. x. 215 Such salts are called evaporation products, or briefly, evaporates. 1924[see evaporite]. |