| 释义 |
tertiary, a. and n.|ˈtɜːʃ(ɪ)ərɪ|
Also 6 tercyary.
[f. L. tertiāri-us of the third part or rank, f. terti-us third: see -ary1. So F. tertiaire.]
A. adj.
1. a. Of, in, or belonging to the third order, rank, degree, class, or category; third.
1656Blount Glossogr., Tertiary,..of, or belonging to the third, or third sort, tertian. 1831Brewster Optics ix. 84 When one prism of a different angle is thus made to correct the dispersion of another prism, a tertiary spectrum is produced. 1860Mayne Expos. Lex. s.v., A tertiary peduncle is the second degree of ramification of a compound peduncle, or a bough of the branch which gives off the peduncle. 1865Ruskin Sesame i. §5, I venture to assume that you will admit duty as at least a secondary or tertiary motive. 1871Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue §428 The adverb is the tertiary or third presentive word.
b. Chem. (i) Applied to compounds regarded as being derived from ammonia by replacement of three hydrogen atoms by organic radicals, and to derivatives of such compounds; also extended to analogous derivatives of other elements, esp. phosphorus. [The sense is due to Gerhardt & Chiozza, who used F. tertiaire (Compt. Rend. (1853) XXXVII. 88).]
1854Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. VI. 195 With regard to the tertiary amides,..their preparation is generally easier than that of the secondary amides. 1888, etc. [see primary a. 6 f (i)]. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xii. 232 The tertiary amines,..with no available hydrogen, are the nitrogen counterparts of the ethers.
(ii) Applied to organic compounds other than amines, etc. (see sense (i)) in which the characteristic functional group is located on a saturated carbon atom which is itself bonded to three other carbon atoms. [Applied orig. to alcohols by H. Kolbe, who used G. tertiär (Ann. der Chem. und Pharm. (1864) CXXXII. 104).]
1872Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXV. 295 The oxidation of tertiary alcohols takes place according to a law similar to that which rules the oxidation of ketones. 1932I. D. Garard Introd. Org. Chem. iii. 34 This formation of a ketone having fewer carbon atoms than the alcohol is characteristic of the oxidation of tertiary alcohols. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xi. 222 The use of acyl chlorides in the above manner produces hydrogen chloride, which may have a deleterious effect on the compound undergoing acylation, e.g. tertiary alcohols readily give the alkyl chlorides. 1981Wingrove & Caret Org. Chem. x. 435 Under basic conditions, tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation.
(iii) Applied to a saturated carbon atom which is bonded to three other carbon atoms; also, bonded to or involving a tertiary carbon atom. Of an ion or a free radical: having (respectively) the electric charge or the unpaired electron located on a tertiary carbon atom.
1903, etc. [see secondary a. 3 i (iii)]. 1972[see primary a. 6 f (iii)].
c. Surveying. Designating triangulation derived by subdivision from secondary triangulation (which in turn results from subdivision of primary triangulation) or points, bench-marks, etc., established by this.
1851C. Davies Elementary Surveying (rev. ed.) iv. i. 181 When the secondary and tertiary triangles have been considerably multiplied, the compass is taken in hand. 1883J. R. Oliver Pract. Astron. for Surveyors ii. ii. 121 The sides of the secondary triangles are from about 5 to 20 miles, and those of the tertiary triangles five or less. 1920W. N. Thomas Surveying xiii. 382 A further sub⁓division resulted in the ‘Tertiary’ triangulation. 1965Bannister & Raymond Surveying (ed. 2) ix. 293 The fourth order points give closer spacing in towns—tertiary and higher order points cover almost the whole country at a density of 0·05 trig point per km2, with a density of about 0·1 per km2 in towns. 1975[see secondary a. 3 a].
d. Physics. Produced by the impact of secondary particles with matter.
1938R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth's Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) v. 61 On the average 2 or 3 tertiary electrons result from each secondary electron, when the primary β-radiation has a velocity 33 per cent. that of light. 1961G. R. Choppin Exper. Nuclear Chem. iii. 35 Tertiary electrons may be produced by photoemission resulting from the photons of the secondary ionization process.
e. Designating the part of the economy or work-force concerned with services of all kinds, rather than with the production of foodstuffs or raw materials, or with manufacturing.
1940Economist 21 Sept. 363/1 There is a steady tendency for labour to move out of primary production into secondary production (manufacture) and from secondary to tertiary production (all forms of services). 1961, etc. [see quaternary a. 3 a]. 1974B. Pearce tr. Amin's Accumulation on World Scale I. 16 The sectors of the tertiary part of the economy—transport, trade, financial services—..are grafted upon the foreign economy. 1975Guardian 20 Jan. 16/4 Tertiary industries are also being introduced..plants for the preparation of prefabricated houses and timber for construction.
f. tertiary structure (Biochem.): the way the helix of a polynucleotide or polypeptide molecule is folded in three dimensions and bound to other helices.
1952, etc. [see primary a. 6 v]. 1964G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. iii. 59 The run of the peptide chain through the molecule..is known as the tertiary structure of a protein. 1978Nature 5 Jan. 15/2 Studies on pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and hen egg white lysozyme suggest that at most there are only a limited number of folding pathways to the tertiary structure.
g. tertiary road (orig. U.S.), a Class III road.
1960Baker & Stebbins Dict. Highway Traffic 114 Land-service road, a road which is used primarily to give access to land. Sometimes called: tertiary road. 1971J. Drummond Farewell Party xxx. 149 We were out on a tertiary road, and more or less alone. 1975M. Kenyon Mr. Big xxii. 224 The secondary road became a tertiary road of muddy craters.
h. tertiary education, that which follows secondary education and precedes, includes, or replaces university or professional training; so tertiary level; tertiary college, one at which such education is provided.
1961Mind LXX. 105 The spread of secondary and latterly of tertiary education has created a large population of people..educated far beyond their capacity to undertake analytical thought. 1969Guardian 26 Aug. 16/4 A ‘tertiary college’..in Exeter where sixth forms are to be merged in the College of Further Education. 1971New Scientist 27 May 513/1 Whenever Britons wrote or talked about tertiary education, they generally meant university education. 1974Bookseller 18 May 2402/1 (Advt.), Can you sell our tertiary-level academic titles to booksellers in Scotland and North-East England? 1981New Society 29 Jan. 192/1 Tertiary colleges—providing everything from a level Russian to pre-nursing courses and apprenticeship courses in motor engineering—are the colleges of the future..A sixth form college is for the more traditional sixth form intake. A tertiary college provides for all over-16s whatever their needs.
i. tertiary recovery, the recovery of oil by advanced methods after conventional artificial means have ceased to be productive. Cf. secondary recovery s.v. secondary a. 5 k.
1975Petroleum Economist Aug. 292/2 Oil produced by tertiary recovery methods, from above the Arctic circle,..could sell at US $8·50 a barrel. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 10 July 13/3 Given that profits hold, what is next for the oilmen? They answer, almost in unison: ‘tertiary recovery’.
2. Geol. Forming a third series in point of origin or age.
†a. Applied by early geologists to mountains of the most recent formation.
b. In modern geology, Of or pertaining to the third series of stratified formations: formerly including all those above the chalk; now restricted to the strata from the Eocene to the Pliocene, both inclusive. Also called Cainozoic.
[G. Arduino Lett. in Nuova Raccolta d'opusc. scient. VI. 159 (1760) Monti..primitivi o primari..secondari..e terziari, li monti e colli del terzo ordine, che sta a ridosso del secondo e talvolta anche del primo.] 1794Sullivan View Nat. I. x. 78 He [Pallas] maintained, that in addition to these primordial mountains, there were others of a more recent origin. These he called secondary and tertiary. [18..Cuvier & Brongn. Descr. Geol. Env. Paris (1822) 9 Terrains tertiaires.] a1812Kirwan (Webster 1828), Tertiary mountains are such as result from the ruins of other mountains promiscuously heaped together. 1822Conybeare & Phillips Geol. Eng. & W. 1 Tertiary Rocks. Comprising the Formations above the Chalk. 1824–5D. Olmsted Geol. N. Carolina (Webster), Tertiary formation, a series of horizontal strata, more recent than chalk beds... It comprehends the alluvial formation..and the diluvial formation. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 49 Arduino, in his memoirs on the mountains of Padua, Vicenza, and Verona, first recognized the distinction between primary, secondary, and tertiary rocks. 1833Ibid. III. p. vii, A large collection of tertiary shells. 1862McCosh Supernatural ii. ii. §2. 183 Nor does Man descend from the mammals which preceded him in the tertiary age. 1863Lyell Antiq. Man i. 3 Previously to the year 1833,..the strata called Tertiary had been divided by geologists into Lower, Middle, and Upper.
3. Painting. Applied to a colour formed by the mixture of two secondary colours.
1848Wornum in Lect. Paint. 211 note, Although there are but three primitive colours, painters have nine. These are—yellow, red, blue;..orange, purple, green, which are secondary;..russet, olive, citrine, which are tertiary, being compounds of the secondaries. 1967E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage i. 11 A mixture of all three primary colours results in tertiary colours. These are the subtle colours such as khaki, various browns, etc.
4. Path. Of or belonging to the third or last stage of syphilis.
1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 404 In tertiary syphilis, including in the term all cases of syphilitic bone, visceral, or nervous disease, the remedy is really of inestimable value. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 668 It has..been considered inappropriate in this article to introduce the terms ‘secondary’ and ‘tertiary’ as applicable to the incidence of the phenomena of cerebral syphilis.
5. R.C. Ch. Of or belonging to the Third Order in certain religious fraternities: see B. 1.
A Third Order, of lay members not subject to the strict rule of the regulars, but retaining the secular life, was originated by St. Francis of Assisi, and is an established institution among the Franciscans, Dominicans, and others. (See Catholic Dict.)
1891R. H. Busk in N. & Q. 7th Ser. XI. 289/2 The Franciscans, who loved [Dante], and in whose tertiary habit he was shrouded in the supreme hour. 1899Westm. Gaz. 1 Sept. 2/3 The Tertiary Sister was discharged yesterday. 1902Daily Chron. 2 Sept. 5/6 The murderer was a tertiary lay brother of the Dominican order.
6. Ornith. Applied to certain feathers of the wing: see B. 3. Cf. tertial.
1858J. Wilson in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 8) XVI. 735/1 The tertials or tertiary feathers are derived from the humerus or arm-bone.
B. n.
1. R.C. Ch. A member of the Third Order of certain religious fraternities: see A. 5.
a1550Image Ipocr. iv. 213 in Skelton's Wks. (1843) II. 441/2 Some be Tercyaris, And some be of St. Marys. 1820Southey Wesley II. 565 It may..deserve to be recognized as an auxiliary institution, its ministers being analogous to the regulars, and its members to the tertiaries and various confraternities of the Romish Church. 1909Westm. Gaz. 15 July 3/3 The late Marquis [of Ripon], besides being a fervent Tertiary of St. Francis, was a friend in need to the Franciscan Order.
2. Geol. A stratum or formation belonging to the Tertiary system: see A. 2.
1851Woodward Mollusca i. 45 In the miocene tertiaries of Asia Minor. 1885Lyell's Elem. Geol. ix. (ed. 4) 110 The whole of the Tertiaries were at first confounded with the superficial alluviums of Europe.
3. Ornith. (pl.) The quill- or flight-feathers that grow upon the humerus in the wing of a bird.
1834Mudie Feathered Tribes Brit. Isles (1841) I. 10 The tertiaries or third quills of the wings. 1872Coues N. Amer. Birds 36 The Tertiaries..are, properly, the remiges that grow upon the upper arm. [Cf. tertial.]
4. Path. (pl.) Tertiary syphilitic symptoms: see A. 4.
1897J. Hutchinson in Arch. Surg. VIII. 218 Those who remain well and never present tertiaries.
5. Painting. A tertiary colour: see A. 3.
1854Fairholt Dict. Terms Art s.v. Secondary Colours, When two secondaries are mixed together..they cannot neutralise each other, but only form half-tones or tertiaries. 1897Daily News 20 May 7/4 Mr. Rhead is fortunate in handling effectively the most brilliant of positive colours as well as the quieter tertiaries.
6. Gram. In Jespersen's terminology, a word or group of words of tertiary rank or importance in a phrase or sentence; = subjunct. Cf. quote 1871, sense A. 1 a.
1924,1940[see secondary n. 12]. 1959M. Schlauch Eng. Lang. in Mod. Times viii. 221 In this system [of Otto Jespersen's]..the modifier of a modifier (e.g., an adverb) is a tertiary.
▸ Med. Designating or relating to the most highly specialized medical care available in a health-care system, typically that provided by a team of consultants and specialists in a major hospital with sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic facilities. Chiefly in tertiary care. Cf. primary adj., secondary adj.
1972New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 286549/1 The real choice for allocation of limited resources is between halfway technology and basic research—between tertiary care and primary prevention. 1986Dædalus Spring 91 Today's house officer has much more to do to bring into use all of the facilities of a modern tertiary-care hospital. 1995J. E. Rohde & H. Viswanathan Rural Private Practitioner 7 This should..serve to reduce the overload on secondary and tertiary facilities, which to a large extent are providing primary health care to a very substantial proportion of health seekers today. |