| 释义 |
disparate, a. and n.|ˈdɪspərət|
[orig. ad. L. disparāt-us separated, divided, pa. pple. of disparāre, f. dis- 1 + parāre to make ready, prepare, provide, contrive, etc.; but in use, app. often associated with L. dispar unequal, unlike, different.]
A. adj.
1. Essentially different or diverse in kind; dissimilar, unlike, distinct. In Logic, used of things or concepts having no obvious common ground or genus in which they are correlated. Hence distinguished from contrary, since contrary things are at least correlated in pairs, e.g. good and bad. Also distinguished from disjunct, since disjunct concepts may all be reduced to a common kind.
Disparātus appears first in Cicero De Inv. Rhet. 28. 42, applied to the mere separation expressed by sapere, non sapere, or A is not B, as against the opposition of hot and cold, life and death; it is used by Boethius, De Syll. Hyp. (ed. Bas.) 608, to denote things which are only different, without any conflict of contrariety (tantum diversa, nulla contrarietate pugnantia). It reappears in 14–15th c. with the school of Occam, e.g. in Rud. Strodus and Paulus Venetus, and is retained in modern transformations of the scholastic logic. According to Ueberweg Logic §53, disparate conceptions are those which do not fall within the extent of the same higher, or at least of the same next higher conception. (Prof. W. Wallace.)
1608Bp. J. King Serm. 5 Nov. 5 Two disperate species and sorts of men. 1633Ames Agst. Cerem. ii. 243 Can men give manifold disparate senses to one and the same Ceremonies? 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iv. vii. 273 Not onely disparate, but even opposite terms. 1684T. Burnet Th. Earth i. 302 As remote in their nature..as any two disparate things we can propose or conceive; number and colour. 1748Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 296 The Terms must be disparate, opposite, or the same. 1781Bentham Wks. (1843) X. 92 A personage of a nature very disparate to the former. 1837–8Sir W. Hamilton Logic xii. (1860) I. 224 Notions co-ordinated in the whole of comprehension, are, in respect of the discriminating characters, different without any similarity. They are thus, pro tanto, absolutely different; and, accordingly, in propriety are called Disparate Notions, (notiones disparatæ). On the other hand, notions co-ordinated in the quantity or whole of extension..are only relatively different (or diverse); and, in logical language, are properly called Disjunct or Discrete Notions. 1865Grote Plato I. vi. 249 Other creeds, disparate or discordant. 1883F. Harrison in Pall Mall G. 3 Nov. 1/2 The questions are so utterly disparate as not to be reducible to the same argument.
b. (See quot.)
1867L. H. Atwater Elem. Logic ii. §11. 69 Any one of given Co-ordinate Species, is called, in relation to any one part of a higher or lower Co-ordinate Division under the Summum Genus, Disparate. Thus..lion, as compared to fish, Shetland pony, or bull-dog, is Disparate.
c. (See quot.)
1883Syd. Soc. Lex., Disparate points, two points upon the two retinæ which, when a ray of light falls upon them, do not produce similar impressions. Used by Fachner in opposition to corresponding points.
2. Unequal, on a disparity.
1764T. Phillips Life Pole (1767) I. 6 Which at very disparate years united these two persons. a1834Lamb Misc. Wks. (1871) 449 Between ages so very disparate. 1879Farrar St. Paul I. 416 Paul proceeds to narrate the acknowledgment of the Three that his authority was in no sense disparate with theirs.
B. n. Chiefly pl. Disparate things, words, or concepts; things so unlike that they cannot be compared with each other.
1586Bright Melanch. xii. 59 Contrarie faculties or such as we call desparates in logicke. 1588Fraunce Lawiers Log. i. x. 47 Disparates are sundry opposites whereof one is equally and in like manner opposed unto many. 1623Cockeram, Disparates, words which are differing one from another, but not contrarie, as heat and cold are contraries, but heat and moisture disparates. 1654Jer. Taylor Real Pres. 109 It is the style of both the Testaments to speak in signs and representments, where one disparate speaks of another; as it does here: the body of Christ, of the bread. 1682R. Burthogge An Arg. (1684) 154 Disparates are distinct, and are not opposites. 1722Wollaston Relig. Nat. v. 71 If they are supposed to be only different, not opposite, then if they differ as disparates, there must be some genus above them. 1849Grote Greece ii. lxviii. (1862) VI. 180 Blending together disparates or inconsistencies. |