| 释义 |
hyperfine, a. Physics.|ˈhaɪpəfaɪn|
[tr. G. hyperfeinstruktur hyperfine structure (W. Pauli 1924, in Naturwiss. 12 Sept. 741/1), f. hyper- + feinstruktur fine structure.]
hyperfine structure: (the presence of) multiplets of closely spaced lines in a spectrum that are closer together than those of fine structure; esp. multiplets that result from the further splitting of lines by the coupling between the magnetic moment (and higher multipole moments) of the atomic nucleus and the electromagnetic field of the electrons. Also (with ellipsis of structure), of or pertaining to this phenomenon.
1927Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. XIII. 430 The hyper-fine structure of λ 2537 of mercury has been shown..to consist of five lines of very nearly equal intensity. Ibid. 431 Each of the five hyper-fine structure lines has a triplet Zeeman pattern. 1942J. D. Stranathan Particles of Mod. Physics x. 400 Other details of characteristic line spectra, known as hyperfine structure, have made it necessary to assign also to the nuclei of atoms certain magnetic moments. 1950D. Halliday Introd. Nucl. Physics xiii. 479 Hyperfine studies of optical spectral lines. 1953N. F. Ramsey in E. Segrè Exper. Nucl. Physics I. iii. i. 358 If this fine structure is examined more closely, it is often found that each line of the fine structure can in turn be resolved into further lines or ‘hyperfine structure’ with a separation of the order of 1 cm-1. 1954H. Semat Introd. Atomic & Nucl. Physics (ed. 3) viii. 273 Two distinct types of hyperfine structure have been observed. One type..has been explained as due to the presence of two or more isotopes of the element. 1958Condon & Odishaw Handbk. Physics vii. vi. 88/1 Nuclear electric quadrupole hyperfine structure in molecular spectra has yielded a number of nuclear spins and quadrupole moments. 1962[see fine structure 1 a]. 1965C. M. H. Smith Textbk. Nucl. Physics viii. 229 If the number of hyperfine components can be counted, the nuclear spin I is obtained. |