| 释义 |
Sudan|suːˈdɑːn, -æn|
Also Soudan.
[Name for the part of Africa lying between the Sahara and the Equator, orig. embracing the whole region as far west as the Atlantic Ocean, but now restricted to the country lying to the south of Egypt, a. Arab. sūdān, pl. of sūdā black.]
1. = Sudanese n. Also attrib.
1867‘Ouida’ Under Two Flags I. xiii. 297 Chasseurs, Zouaves..mingled with jet-black Soudans. 1889W. F. Butler Charles George Gordon iii. 58 Some of his old Soudan soldiers.
2. Chem. Used attrib. to designate various azo and diazo dyes mostly derived from 2-hydroxynaphthalene and anthraquinone, used as industrial dyes and biological stains: as Sudan I (also Sudan 1), the orange-yellow azo dye, C6H5ROH (where R = {b1}N:N·C10H6{b1}); Sudan II (also Sudan 2), the brown azo dye, (CH3)2·C6H3·N:N·C10H6OH; Sudan III (also Sudan 3), the red diazo dye, C6H5·N:N·C6H4·ROH; Sudan IV (also Sudan 4), the scarlet diazo dye, CH3·C6H4·N:N·C6H4(CH3)·ROH; Sudan black (B), the black diazo dye, C6H5·R·R{btr1}NH{bbr1}{bbr1}NH{btr1}C(CH3)2 .
1894A. G. Green tr. Schultz' & Julius' Syst. Survey Org. Colouring Matters 66 (table) Sudan I..Benzene-azo-β-naphthol. C16H12N2O. Ibid. 70 (table) Sudan II..Xylene-azo-β-napthol. C18H16N2O. Ibid. 86 (table) Sudan III..Benzene-azo-benzene-azo-β-naphthol. C22H16N4O. 1907Practitioner Nov. 635 Fresh sections stained with Sudan III. 1956[see polybase]. 1961R. D. Baker Essent. Path. iv. 40 The lipid is bound in the organ and does not have the physicochemical form necessary to absorb Sudan dye. 1966T. S. & C. R. Leeson Histology i. 16/1 Fat can be detected in sections which have not been exposed to fat solvents by stains such as Sudan III, Sudan IV, and Sudan black B. 1974Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. i. xxi. 14/2 Sudan black B stains the cytoplasm of the myeloid series, the intensity of the staining increasing with maturation.
3. Sudan grass (U.S.), a tall annual grass, Sorghum sudanense, which is cultivated for hay in dry regions of the United States. Also ellipt.
1912Yearbk. U.S. Dept. Agric. 1911 72 Sudan grass..is another example of a new forage crop that has become popular almost in one season. 1929C. C. Deam Grasses of Indiana 325 Sudan grass has only recently been introduced into Indiana and its use as a hay crop is on the increase. 1949Hoard's Dairyman 25 Oct. 756/3 Frost⁓nipped cane, sudan, pig weeds, Johnson grass, and flax are poisonous to cattle. 1964Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 6 July (1970) 176 You can look down on the church spire in the valley below and the fields in between, with Sudan grass waving in the wind. 1978J. Updike Coup (1979) i. 28 In the wide belt of transition between withered sudan and stark desert, there were islands of what had been, before the drought, pasture land.
Hence ˌsudanoˈphilia Med. [-philia], the condition in which cells containing particular fatty or lipid structures can be stained with a Sudan dye; hence ˌsudanoˈphilic a., capable of taking up Sudan stains.
1911Stedman Med. Dict. 840/2 Sudanophilia,..a condition in which the leucocytes contain minute fat droplets which take a brilliant red stain when treated with 0·2 per cent Sudan III. 1954E. W. Dempsey in R. O. Greep Histology xxvii. 745 (caption) The two sections are from two phases of secretion and illustrate the increased sudanophilia of the rodlike mitochondria during the phase of extrusion of fat from the cells. 1956Nature 7 Jan. 48/1, I observed certain sudanophilic corpuscles which do not appear to have been previously described. 1961R. D. Baker Essent. Path. iv. 40 Fat occurring normally in adipose tissue, adrenal cortex and corpus luteum absorbs Sudan dyes and is called sudanophilic. 1979Atherosclerosis XXXIII. 486 Sudanophilia is evident in the upper thoracic portion and in the area of the renal arteries. 1980Ibid. XXXV. 103 Polar coordinate mapping was used to determine the rate of progression of spontaneous sudanophilic coeliac lesions on the aortic wall in White Carneau pigeons. |