| 释义 |
▪ I. subordinate, a. and n.|səˈbɔːdɪnət|
[ad. med.L. subordinātus, pa. pple. of subordināre to subordinate. Cf. It. subordinato, Sp. and Pg. subordinado; also F. subordonné.]
A. adj.
1. a. Of a person or body of persons: Belonging to an inferior rank, grade, class, or order, and hence dependent upon the authority or power of another. Const. to.
1607Chapman Bussy d'Ambois iii. i, Shew me a great man..That rules so much more than his suffering King, That he makes kings of his subordinate slaues. 1624Fisher in F. White Repl. Fisher 337 To make Saints Mediators subordinate vnto, and dependent of Christ, is to encrease his glorie. a1626Bacon Consid. Warre w. Spaine Misc. (1629) 43 Two Generals..assisted with Subordinate Commanders, of great Experience. 1669Gale Crt. Gentiles i. i. i. 2 Neither is it possible to conceive, that a finite subordinate Being should be independent, or eternal. 1693Stair Inst. Law Scot. (ed. 2) iv. xxxix. §14 This defence extends to all Judges Supream and Subordinat. 1760–2Goldsm. Cit. W. c, The subordinate officer must receive the commands of his superior. 1827Scott Surg. Dau. xiv, An act of deference..paid by inferior and subordinate princes to the patrons whom they depend upon. 1863H. Cox Instit. i. x. 238 Elizabeth and her advisers attempted to render Parliament subordinate to the Privy Council. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. IV. 73 Besides these two great Viceroys, we also know the names of some of the subordinate captains who held commands under them.
b. Of power, position, command, employment.
1456Sir G. Haye Bk. Knighthood Wks. (S.T.S.) II. 1 Sa suld knychtis have dominacioun and seigneurye subordinate of the princis and lordis behalve. 1608J. King Serm. 24 Mar. 6 Nor by way of Lieutenantship, deputation, subordinate prefecture whatsoever, but as a King over subiects. 1622Callis Stat. Sewers (1647) 231 An Ordinance is a subordinate direction, proceeding out of a more general power. 1681Stair Inst. Law Scot. i. xiii. 276 The Jurisdiction of all Barrons..was..subordinat to the Sheriffs. a1700Evelyn Diary 6 Feb. 1670, The lawfulnesse, decentnesse, and necessitie, of subordinate degrees and ranks of men and servants. 1765A. Maclaine tr. Mosheim's Eccl. Hist. Cent. iv. i. v. §10 [The Son] the instrument by whose subordinate operation the Almighty Father formed the universe. 1862G. C. Lewis Let. to Earl Stanhope 26 Apr., In his subordinate official position. 1874Stubbs Const. Hist. I. iv. 68 His power is..not subordinate.
c. Of things having an inferior rank in a series or gradation.
1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 76 The hevynnis, be thair instrumentis subordinatis, sendis thair..influencis in the materis that thir erdly thingis ar compound of. 1610J. Guillim Heraldrie ii. vi. (1611) 58 A couple-close is a subordinate charge deriued from a Cheuron. 1651Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxii. 115 Others [sc. systems] are..Subordinate to some Soveraign Power. 1691Ray Creation i. (1692) 8 Of both which kinds [of insects] there are many subordinate Genera. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Subordination, In the Sciences, Trigonometry is subordinate to Geometry; and in the Virtues, Abstinence and Chastity are subordinate to Temperance. 1807Med. Jrnl. XVII. 575 It was to that branch of it which bears the name of Therapeutics, that all the others were to have been subordinate. 1864Bowen Logic iv. 87 The other [Concept], having less Extension, or denoting fewer Individuals, is called Inferior, Lower, Narrower or Subordinate.
2. a. Of things, material and immaterial: Dependent upon or subservient to the chief or principal thing. Chiefly in technical use.
1588Fraunce Lawiers Logike i. iv. 25 b, Subordinate is that which is not for it selfe desired, but referred to the chief end. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxii. (1611) 328 No circumstance but a subordinate efficient cause. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. iii. ii, Although this Phantasie of ours be a subordinate faculty to reason. 1625N. Carpenter Geogr. Delin. ii. ix. (1635) 147 Subordinate causes can produce no other then subordinate effects. 1697tr. Burgersdicius' Logic i. xviii. 69 A Subordinate End is that which is referred to some farther End. 1730M. Wright Introd. Law Tenures 159 note, The many subordinate Tenures and Manors subsisting at this Day. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. Introd. 98 As to Ireland, that is still a distinct kingdom; though a dependent, subordinate kingdom. 1818Stoddart in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 18/2 Various aggregations of sentences in which the subordinate assertions are assumed by the mind in the manner already shown. 1844Proc. Philol. Soc. I. 226 When a subordinate clause acts the part of object to a verb. 1857J. W. Gibbs Philol. Studies 117 The more ancient languages had participials, where the more modern have subordinate clauses.
b. subordinate legislation Law (see quots.).
[1841G. C. Lewis On Govt. of Dependencies 52 Legislation is subordinate when the sovereign person or body delegates the legislative power to an inferior authority, which issues or makes the law. ] Ibid., A power of subordinate legislation is sometimes direct;..the laws made in virtue of it are issued avowedly..by the subordinate legislature.1901C. Ilbert Legislative Methods & Forms p. v, Chapter III deals with what I have called subordinate legislation, that is to say, that part of the law which is enacted, not directly by the supreme legislature, but under delegated powers. 1917Erskine May's Treat. Laws Parl. (ed. 12) xxiii. 567 Something must be said here of those administrative orders, rules and regulations which constitute what is sometimes called delegated or subordinate legislation. 1975J. P. Morgan House of Lords & Labour Government ii. 63 An equally important function is their work on subordinate legislation, a subject that requires a section to itself. 1980Oxf. Compan. Law 758/1 Subordinate or delegated legislation takes many forms, rules, regulations, and orders made by Ministers of the Crown, frequently in the form of statutory instruments; [etc.].
3. Of inferior importance; not principal or predominant; secondary, minor.
a1661Fuller Worthies, Northampton. (1662) ii. 288 Not to speak of his moral qualifications, and subordinate abilities. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 236 Instances, where the subordinate movement is converted into the predominant. 1786Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 26 My expectations from it were of a subordinate nature only. 1808Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 121/2 A very great proportion of all the curacies in England are filled with men to whom the emolument is a matter of subordinate importance. 1855Prescott Philip II, i. iv. I. 57 His haughty spirit could not be pleased by the subordinate part which he was compelled to play. 1887Dict. Archit. s.v. Sub Arch, Subarcuation, that is, the mode of constructing two inferior and subordinate arches under the third or main arch. 1898Sweet New Engl. Gram. ii. 29 If a full word becomes subordinate in meaning, it can take weaker stress.
†4. In subjection; submissive. Obs.
1594in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. V. 266 My direction was in all thinges to be subordinate to him yt should be Superior here of our Societye. 1784Cowper Task ii. 716 The mind was well inform'd, the passions held Subordinate.
†5. In physical senses:
a. Placed underneath.
1648Wilkins Math. Magick i. vii. 51 These Pulleys may be multiplyed according to sundry different situations, not onely when they are subordinate,..but also when they are placed collaterally.
b. Geol. Underlying; subjacent.
1833Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 170 Consisting..partly of clay and sand, with subordinate beds of lignite. 1854Murchison Siluria ii. 31 Containing the best roofing slates in the world, and subordinate courses of greywacke grit.
†6. advb. subordinate to: in subordination or subjection to. Obs.
1642Lanc. Tracts Civil War (Chetham Soc.) 73 We owe (subordinate to God) a great deal to Sir Iohn Seaton. 1737Gentl. Mag. VII. 277 To inform and guide the People by it [sc. church authority], subordinate to holy Scripture. 1807Med. Jrnl. XVII. 396 Subordinate to this will be given biographical notices of Authors.
B. n.
1. A subordinate person; one in a position of subordination; one who is under the control or orders of a superior.
1640G. Sandys Christ's Passion 46 And so deny That Princes by Subordinates should die. 1667Milton P.L. v. 668 Satan..his next subordinate Awak'ning. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 218 What the jurisdiction of bishops over their subordinates is to be. 1856N. Brit. Rev. XXVI. 185 All the heads of departments, civil and military, with a large proportion of their subordinates. 1898‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner x. 100 Ready to prompt or assist, as behoved a merely mechanical subordinate.
2. A subordinate thing, matter, etc.
1839Penny Cycl. XIII. 176/1 (Kant), The subordinates of modality are possibility, existence, and necessity. 1846G. S. Faber Lett. Tractar. Secess. 248 Though there may be occasional disagreement in subordinates, there is a very singular and a very striking agreement in primaries.
▪ II. subordinate, v.|səˈbɔːdɪneɪt|
[f. late L. subordināt-, pa. ppl. stem of subordināre, f. sub- sub- 2 + ordināre to order, ordain. Cf. It. subordinare, Sp., Pg. subordinar; F. subordonner.]
1. trans. To bring into a subordinate position; to render subordinate, dependent, or subservient; Const. to. Also † occas. (without to) to bring into subjection. Now rare with personal obj.
1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxxvi. (1617) 409 That what hee worketh, might..be effected by..instruments duely subordinated vnto the power of his owne Spirit. a1600― Disc. Justif. §30 Things..subordinated vnto Christ, by Christ himselfe. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii. 154 Subordinating the Maior and Citizens to his gouernement. 1700Rycaut Hist. Turks III. 194 Under him six Agas were subordinated. a1716South Serm. Eph. iv. 10 (1744) VII. 23 The stars fight in their courses under his banner, and subordinate their powers to the dictates of his will. 1840Carlyle Heroes vi. (1841) 316 He to whose will our wills are to be subordinated. 1867A. J. Wilson Vashti xxviii, One whose every scheme shall be subordinated to your wishes, your happiness. 1889Spectator 9 Nov. 632/2 They [the people of the U.S.] have subordinated their national aspirations to a detestable and narrow-minded race prejudice. 1898Sweet New Engl. Gram. ii. 33 The stress of the verb is often subordinated to that of its modifier.
2. To place in a lower order, rank, etc.; to make secondary or consider as of less importance or value. Const. to.
1624Wotton Elem. Archit. ii. 107 As I haue before subordinated Picture, and Sculpture to Architecture, as their Mistresse. 1647H. More Poems 308 That Kestrell kind Of bastard scholars that subordinate The precious choice induements of the mind To wealth. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. iv. 596 Their Intention in thus Subordinating the Hypostases of their Trinity, was [etc.]. 1825Coleridge Aids Refl. (1848) I. 22 The teacher, who subordinates prudence to virtue, cannot be supposed to dispense with virtue. 1872Lowell Milton Wks. 1890 IV. 84 There is an intolerable egotism which subordinates the sun to the watch in its own fob. 1876Grant Burgh Sch. Scot. ii. xiii. 377 In the burgh Schools in which music..was not subordinated to the other subjects of instruction.
3. Archit. To arrange (arches) in ‘orders’.
a1878G. Scott Lect. Archit. (1879) I. 224 This suggested the system of sub-ordinating the rims, or recessing them.
Hence suˈbordinated ppl. a.
1751Chambers' Cycl. s.v. Affection, Affections: according to Aristotle,..are either subordinating, or subordinated. 1899Westm. Gaz. 29 Dec. 2/1 So vast was his system of subordinated labour, so numerous the army of pupils who worked under his controlling eye. |