| 释义 |
friendly, a. (n.) and adv.|ˈfrɛndlɪ|
[OE. fréondlic adj., -líce adv.: see friend n. and -ly1, -ly2.]
A. adj.
1. Having the qualities or disposition of a friend, disposed to act as a friend, kind.
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. v. xiii. (1891) 440 Oðþe ðurh ða freondlican ænglas oðþe ða feondas. c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 106 (155) He is the frendliest man Of so grete astate, that ever I saw in my lyve. 1402Hoccleve Let. of Cupid 302 How frendely was Medea to Jason. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 8 b, The enuyous man is frendely to him that is present. 1584Burleigh in Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. v. 159 Your Graces as friendly as any Will. Burley. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. vi, I knew him to be friendly as far as he was able. 1871G. Meredith H. Richmond xlii, No one could be friendlier.
2. a. Characteristic of or befitting a friend or friends; manifesting friendship.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 251 Hyde Jonathas al thyn frendely manere. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. ccxli. 312 The grayhounde..made to hym the same frendly countinaunce and chere as he was wonte to do to the kyng. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. ii. vi. 47 Your Mother came to Cicelie, and did finde Her welcome Friendly. 1683Pennsylv. Archives I. 72 And first, I congratulate wth a friendly Joy. 1709Steele & Swift Tatler No. 67 ⁋12 To tell People of their Faults in a friendly and private Manner. 1785J. C. Lettsom Let. 8 Apr. in T. J. Pettigrew Life (1817) II. 425, I was sorry to perceive by your last friendly letter that you have failed in procuring a loan for my friend Mr. W. 1868M. E. Braddon Run to Earth I. i. 9 Jernam acknowledged their courtesy with a friendly nod.
b. friendly lead, among the poorer classes in London, an entertainment given by friends for the benefit of a person in distress, etc.
1886Besant Childr. Gibeon ii. xxxii, The great table dented..with a thousand hammerings of pewter pots at friendly leads. 1895Daily Tel. 26 Sept. 3 He went to a ‘friendly lead’ for the benefit of a man who had just come out of the hospital.
3. a. Not hostile or at variance; on amicable terms. Const. to, with.
1595Shakes. John ii. i. 481 Why answer not the double Maiesties, This friendly treatie of our threatned Towne. 1607― Timon v. i. 122 Nothing but himselfe, which lookes like man, Is friendly with him. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 695 The Inhabitants whereof..have shewed themselves friendly to the Portugals. 1671Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. i. (1711) 135 The People were friendly..but..very theevish. 1798Nelson 22 July in Nicolas Disp. (1845) III. 47 The King's flag is insulted at every Friendly Port we look at. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 399 The wits and the Puritans had never been on friendly terms. 1860Ann. Reg. 21 Sowing suspicion and distrust, calculated to bring about a total rupture with a neighbouring and friendly country.
b. Not proceeding from or attended with hostility; amicable. Of an action at Law: Brought between parties not really at variance, in order to obtain a decision on some point.
c. Of a match at football, etc.: Played simply for the honour of the thing and not in competition for a cup, etc. Usually ellipt. (quasi-n.).
1894Athletic News 5 Nov. 4 The Sunderland and Woolwich Arsenal match was a friendly. 1895Westm. Gaz. 7 Nov. 3/2 When an inter-club match is called a ‘friendly’, the inference as to what a league match means is fairly easy. 1903Wodehouse Tales of St. Austin's 18 Merevale's were playing a ‘friendly’ with the School-House, and..Harrison had been pressed into service as umpire. Ibid. 22 Lucky the game was only a friendly. 1963Times 11 May 3/6 He has appeared in a number of first-team friendlies. 1971Daily Tel. 2 Aug. 3/7 Fighting broke out on the terraces during the Port Vale ‘friendly’ match against Manchester City at Vale Park.
4. Favourably disposed, well-wishing; inclined to approve, help, or support.
1535Coverdale Ps. xxiv. [xxv.] 8 O how frendly & rightuous is the Lorde. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. v. i. 94 The Gods to day stand friendly. 1826Foster in Life & Corr. (1846) II. 79 A letter..which contained a most friendly reference to me. 1878J. C. Morison Gibbon 72 The side of his history from which a friendly biographer would most readily turn away.
5. a. Of things, influences, etc.: Disposed or likely to be helpful or serviceable; kindly, propitious, favourable, salutary. Const. to, † unto.
c1391Chaucer Astrol. ii. §4 He is in dignite & conforted with frendly aspectys of planetes. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. v. iii. 163 O churle, drinke all? and left no friendly drop, To helpe me after. 1659Hammond On Ps. cvii. 23–30 By the friendliest gales. 1683Tryon Way to Health 192 The more simple..sorts of Food and Drink, as Bread, Cheese..are both mild and friendly. 1821Lamb Elia Ser. i. Mackery End, As words written in lemon come out upon exposure to a friendly warmth. 1850Prescott Peru II. 341 He bent down his head to kiss it, when a stroke, more friendly than the rest, put an end to his existence.
b. Suitable to one's comfort, convenient.
1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 33 Neighb'ring Trees, with friendly Shade invite The Troops. 1713Addison Cato i. iv, At th' approach of Night On the first friendly Bank he throws him down. 1885J. Payn Talk of Town II. 196 A friendly pillar brought Dennis himself to anchorage.
†6. Of things: ‘Disposed to union’ (J.); not jarring or conflicting. Obs.
1717Pope Ep. to Jervas 15 Like friendly colours [we] found them both unite. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §272 To bring all the parts into their most friendly state of contact.
7. Of or pertaining to the Society of Friends.
1886American XII. 155 Whose family are Friendly people.
8. Friendly Society. Originally, the name of a particular fire-insurance company. In later use, one of numerous associations, the members of which pay fixed contributions to insure pecuniary help in sickness or old age, and provision for their families in the event of death.
1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3910/4 All Persons who have any Demands upon the Undertakers of the Friendly Society, by reason of the late Fire..may..Receive the money, due on any Policy of Insurance. 1720Ibid. No. 5909/3 The Friendly Society (or Sheaf or Arrows) give Notice, That they assure Losses from Fire. 1819Gentl. Mag. 529 He placed the property of Friendly Societies under the protection of the laws. 1863Fawcett Pol. Econ. ii. ix. (1876) 240 A Trades'-Union performs the ordinary functions of a Friendly Society.
9. Comb., as friendly-fiendly, friendly-seeming adjs.
1709E. Holdsworth Muscipula (1749) 51 With friendly-seeming wellcome. 1877Tennyson Harold iii. i, With that friendly-fiendly smile of his.
B. n. (See also A. 3 c.) A member of a people that is ‘friendly’, esp. to whites. Usually pl.
1861Let. 18 May in Richmond–Atkinson Papers (1960) I. xii. 707 No natives about except the ‘friendlies’ at Poutoko and Hauranga. 1869B. Y. Ashwell Let. 8 May IV. 554, 200 Friendlies went with Heta. 1870Pall Mall G. 19 Apr., They were friendlies returning home. 1885Ibid. 17 Mar. 8/1 Our Arab ‘friendlies’ declare that [etc.].
C. adv. In a friendly manner or spirit, like a friend, with friendship.
Beowulf 1027 Ne ᵹefræᵹn ic freondlicor feower madmas. c1205Lay. 14845 We scullen an londe..godes folc uroæfrien & freondliche hit halden. a1300Cursor M. 15294 Forwit his disciplis fete Ful freindli he fell. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. xi. 171 Was neuer gome vppon grounde..Feirore vndurfonge ne frendloker maad at ese. c1440York Myst. xxxiii. 76 So frendly he fared. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 281 Than spak he freindly. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Jas. i. 27 Euen so muste we agayne bee bothe mercyfull and frendely liberall towardes our neighbour. 1608Rowlands Humors Looking Glasse 9 Vnles he friendly drew his purse. 1705Hearne Collect. 21 Nov., Wch [he] was friendly told of. 1772–84Cook Voy. (1790) V. 1672 Some of the men marry three wives, who in general live friendly together. 1807P. Gass Jrnl. 255 The natives used us friendly and with kindness. 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. xii. 157 He tended him friendly in his castle for three days.
Add:[A.] [3.] d. Mil. Of troops, equipment, etc.: of, belonging to, or in alliance with one's own forces; spec. resulting in accidental damage by allied troops to one's own installations, aircraft, or personnel, esp. as in friendly fire.
1925Fraser & Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words, Friendly, a trench phrase in the War, used of a shell heard either passing high overhead or one falling short in our lines, meaning in that case one of our own shells. 1941Civil Engineering (U.S.) XI. 307/2 The range of friendly bombing aircraft permits assembly of tactical operating units from such widely dispersed fields that bombing attacks against any single base may be made unprofitable from a military standpoint. 1945Electronic Engin. XVII. 686/2 An I.F.F. unit can be briefly described as being a transmitter-receiver device installed in friendly aircraft whose purpose is to reply to the interrogation of the friendly Radar station. 1956W. A. Heflin U.S. Air Force Dict. 140/2 Controlled interception, an interception during which the friendly aircraft are directed from an air or surface station. 1966New Statesman 14 Oct. 549/2 Friendly forces have made contact with Charlie and a fire fight followed. 1976C. D. B. Bryan Friendly Fire xvii. 204, I am informed that each instance where Americans have been killed by friendly artillery fire is investigated. 1981Sci. Amer. Feb. 29/2 Their use in this role, although primarily directed against attack submarines, could free friendly boats from patrolling these waters for other missions. 1991Independent 22 Feb. 3/1 Since the war began, more American troops are thought to have been killed by ‘friendly fire’ than by the Iraqis, most by air-launched missiles.
[5.] c. Chiefly Computing. User-friendly, easy and convenient to use; readily accessible to the non-specialist.
1979Sci. Amer. Sept. 98/2 Communication is through a friendly, interactive keyboard, sealed to prevent damage from chemical spills. 1982Newsweek 22 Feb. 53/2 Software producers rarely test their materials with neophytes like me... But there are programs, called ‘friendly’ in the industry, that offer heady relief. 1985Personal Computer World Feb. 149/2 VCCP and all the above features have..transformed PCP/M into an extremely easy and friendly system to use. 1989PC World Oct. 104/3 Informix also envisions Wingz for OS/2 as a friendly front end for sophisticated applications.
d. Not harmful to the environment. Cf. environmentally friendly s.v. *environmental a.
1988Practical Health Spring 66/2 A new hair spray with a health angle..is friendly to the environment as well as having a long-lasting hold. 1990Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 24 Feb. 8/6 (headline) Stores drop ‘friendly’ plastic bags. 1991Green Mag. Feb. 22/3 In the spirit of public service, big companies proclaim the importance of initial tasks—CFC-free cars, friendly detergents, no preservatives, additives etc.
[B.] n. b. Mil. Usu. in pl. Troops, artillery, etc., deployed by one's own or an allied force.
1986Interavia: Aerospace Rev. Jan. 110/4 Targets detected by passive ESM, radar or JTIDS are marked on the map, together with friendlies picked up on IFF. 1991Independent 22 Feb. 3/1 What we've found is that when you have two opposing forces intertwined, it's difficult to separate the friendlies from the enemy. |