| 释义 |
▪ I. steward, n.|ˈstjuːəd|
Forms: 1 stiᵹweard, stíweard; 1–5 stiward, 3 stiwærd, 4–5 stiwarde, 4– 6 styward(e, 5 styeward; 4–5 steiward; 3–7 stuard(e, 5 stwarde, 5–6 stuerd(e, 4–6 stuward(e; 4–5 steuard, 5 stewer(e)de, 4–6 steward(e, 4– steward. β. Sc. and north. 5 stewarte, 5 stwart; 7–8 stuart; 5–8 steuart, 4– stewart.
[OE. stíweard, stiᵹweard, f. stiᵹ of uncertain meaning + weard keeper, ward n.
The word is not found in any MS. earlier than the 11th c., and the form stiᵹweard, though certainly the original, is recorded only in a late transcript. The first element is most probably OE. stiᵹ a house or some part of a house (cf. stiᵹwita house-dweller); this is doubtless cogn. with stiᵹu sty n. and stíᵹan to climb (sty v.), but there is no ground for the assumption that stiᵹweard originally meant ‘keeper of the pig-sties’.
The Eng. title is quoted by Froissart in the OF. form estuard. The rare ON. stívarðr is adopted from OE.
Since the 16th c. the definitions of the word have often been influenced by the supposed etymologies stead + ward and stow + ward.]
1. a. An official who controls the domestic affairs of a household, supervising the service of his master's table, directing the domestics, and regulating household expenditure; a major-domo. Obs. exc. Hist.
c1000Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 223/7 Discoforus, discifer, uel stiweard. c1000ælfric Gloss. ibid. 129/13 Economus, stiward. c1290St. Eustace 144 in S.E. Leg. 397 Þis kniȝtes þoȝte wonþer gret þat a such heiward Of so quinte seruise was as he were eny stuard. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xvi. 40 Reson stod and stihlede as for stywarde of halle. 14..Bk. Curtasye 535 in Babees Bk., At countyng stuarde schalle ben. c1470Henry Wallace iv. 383 Hys stwart Kerlye brocht thaim in fusioun Gude thing eneuch quhat was in to the toun. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. x. 37 The first of them,..Of all the house had charge and gouernement, As Guardian and Steward of the rest. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. v. 169 If not, let me see thee a steward still, the fellow of seruants. 1623Webster Duchess Malfi Dram. Pers., Antonio Bologna, steward of the household to the Duchess. 1651J. White Rich Cabinet (1677) 171 A Steward comeing to buy fruit for his Lady, bought all the apples they had at 7 a peny.
transf. and fig.1697De Foe Ess. Projects 302, I cannot think that God Almighty ever made them so delicate, so glorious Creatures..and all to be only Stewards of our Houses, Cooks, and Slaves.
b. A member of a college who supervises the catering or presides at table.
1749J. Pointer Oxon. Acad. 23 'Tis a custom for one of these scholars to take it by turns to be steward every week, whose office it is to cater for the rest of the society. 1893Fowler Hist. C.C.C. (O.H.S.) 51 The Steward of the Hall was one of the graduate-Fellows appointed, from week to week, to assist the Bursars in the commisariat and internal expenditure of the College. 1899B. W. Henderson Merton Coll. 249 To each Undergraduate table one member is appointed as steward. Forty years ago the Postmasters elected their own steward.
c. A servant of a college who is charged with the duty of catering. Also, the head servant of a club or similar institution, who has control of the other servants.
1518in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 473, iiij li shalbe delyeurd yerly to the stuward of the said Collegge. 1717E. Miller Acc. Univ. Camb. 106 The 7th Statute concerning the Steward..appoints him to go with the Cook to the Shambles, to see the Victuals bought; and to demand from the Fellows, &c. all Monies due for Commons, and sizeings at the end of every Moneth, &c. 1861[Trevelyan] Horace at Univ. Athens (1862) 19 The steward and the cook have done me brown. 1914Kelly's Oxf. Directory 125 Worcester [College]. Steward & Head Cook.
d. An officer in a ship who, under the direction of the captain or the purser, keeps the stores and arranges for the serving of meals; now applied to any attendant who waits upon the passengers, often with defining word indicating rank or special function, as bath-, cabin-, deck-, table-steward; captain's steward, chief steward, paymaster's steward, etc.
In comic literature there are many allusions to the steward's function of attending to sea-sick passengers.
c1450Pilgrims Sea-Voy. 38 ‘Hale in the wartake!’ ‘hit shal be done.’ ‘Steward! couer the boorde anone.’ 1496Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 166 John Swynborne styward—viij8. John Gylpyn coke—xs. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. iv. 76 Their daily prouision..is prepared by a steward & a cooke. 1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 5 The Steward is to deliuer out the victuall, according to the Captaines directions. 1694Motteux Rabelais iv. xviii. 76 Poor Panurge..sat on the Deck all in a heap,..and..bawl'd out frightfully, Steward, Maistre d'Hostel,..pr'ythee let's have a piece of Powder'd Beef or Pork. 1836Marryat Midsh. Easy ix, But a cup of tea, and ship's biscuit and butter I can desire the steward to get ready for you. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. iv. xii, Talk of trades,..who wouldn't know your brother to be a Steward! There's..an air of reliability about him in case you wanted a basin, which points out the steward! 1883W. C. Russell Sailors' Lang. 139 Steward, a saloon waiter. One who has charge of the stores. Those under him are called under⁓stewards. 1897Punch 23 Jan. 37/1 Mr. Dibbles (en route for Paris. Sea choppy). Channel Tunnel not a bad idea... Steward! [Goes below.]
e. One employed on a train to serve meals, drinks, etc., to passengers and to attend to other needs. Also, one with similar duties on a motor coach or aeroplane.
1906Railway Epicurean July 9 Harvey's chefs and stewards have the food products of a continent at their command. 1915Proc. Amer. Assoc. Dining Car Superintendents xv. 44 Instead of the steward asking, ‘All on one check?’ we instruct our stewards to, in a quiet way, get around to one of the party and ascertain whether one or more checks are desired. 1928Lit. Digest 13 Oct. 70/3 The ‘Nitecoach’ carries a crew of three, driver, steward, and porter. 1931Sci. Amer. Oct. 236/3 The steward, who now becomes the [airline] passenger's guide on land, is trained to supply any desired information. 1939[see air hostess s.v. air n.1 B. III. 4]. 1955F. O'Connor Wise Blood i. 15 There was a steward beckoning people to places and handing out menus. 1975Economist 11 Jan. 20/2 The {pstlg}100,000 placed in the plane at Heathrow was recovered and the only damage, to a luckless steward, was one police dog-bite. 1979P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express iii. 59 It was the steward from the dining car... ‘Lunch!’ he yelled. ‘First call for lunch!’
2. As the title of an officer of a royal household.
a. gen. Originally, an officer with similar functions to the ‘steward’ of an ordinary household (see sense 1). After the Norman Conquest, the title was the Eng. equivalent of the OF. seneschal, med.L. senescallus, dapifer, which, in England as on the Continent, had come to designate an office in the royal household held only by a great noble of the realm. Obs. exc. Hist.
a955K. Eadred's Will in Birch Cartul. Sax. III. 75 And ælcan ᵹesettan discðeᵹne and ᵹesettan hræᵹlðene and ᵹesettan biriele hundeahtatiᵹ mancusa goldis... And ælcan ᵹesettan stiᵹweard þritiᵹ mancusa goldes. a1122O.E. Chron. an. 1120, Swyðe maneᵹa of þæs cynges hired, stiwardas, & burþenas, & byrlas. c1205Lay. 7422 He hæfde ene stiwarde Þene wisseste mon of al þis ærde. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13602 Neuere styward ne botyler þat serued kyng ne kayser, So wel halp at here power. a1350S. Thomas 194 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 22 Þe kinges steward and als þe quene To Cristes law conuertid he clene. c1350Will. Palerne 3378 A stif man & a stern þat was þe Kinges stiward & cheueteyn was chose þat eschel to lede. c1450Merlin vi. 102, I will praye yow, that yef ye be kynge, that ye make my sone Kay youre stywarde. 1535Coverdale 2 Kings xviii. 18 Eliachim the sonne of Helchias the stewarde [Vulg. præpositus domus]. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) III. 310 Charles Maximilian Von Thurn, steward of the houshold to the empress-dowager Eleanora.
b. (Lord) Steward of the King's Household. A peer whose nominal duty it is to control the King's household above stairs, and to preside at the Board of Green Cloth (see green cloth). In early times he exercised important judicial functions.
[c1400Froissart Chron. Œuvres 1872 XVI. 23 Messire Thomas de Persy avoit esté ung grant temps souverain estuard de l'ostel du roy, c'est-à-dire en franchois maistre et sèneschal.] 1428in Nicolas Proc. Privy Counc. (1834) III. 286 John Lord Typtot an off Powys sthuard off þe Kynges howse. 1532Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 13 §1 The same Licence to be declared in writing by the Kinges Highnese, or the Lorde Stewarde of his most honorable Houshold. 1554Act 1 Mary c. 4 It hathe now pleased the Quenes Majestie to..chaunge the name of the Greate Maister of her Highnes most honourable Houshold..into the name of the sayd Lorde Stuarde of her most honourable Householde. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, iv. i. 18 The Duke of Suffolke is the first, and claimes To be high Steward. 1710J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. i. ii. (ed. 23) 108 For the Civil Governement of the King's Court, the chief officer is Lord Steward.
3. a. (Lord High) Steward or † Great Steward of England. Recorded since the 15th cent. as: The title of a high officer of state, the earlier senescallus Angliae. Since the accession of Henry IV this officer has been appointed only on the occasion of a coronation, at which he presides, or for the trial of a peer, which takes place in the Court of the Lord High Steward if Parliament be not sitting.
Originally this office seems to have carried little more than the privilege of waiting on the king's table, especially on state occasions. But it soon became hereditary in the earls of Leicester, and powers similar to those of the French seneschal were claimed for it by Simon de Montfort. This development was checked by the attainder of Simon, and the office finally fell in to the crown by the accession of its holder Henry IV.
1454Rolls of Parlt. V. 249/2 Thomas erle of Devonshire, uppon an enditement of high treasons..afore Humfrey Duc of Bukingham, steward of Englond for that tyme assigned. 1522–3Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, c. 20 §1 Before Thomas Duke of Norffolk for that tyme oonely beyng greate Stuarde of Englande by the Kynges lettres patentis. a1700Evelyn Diary 15 Jan. 1641, The E. of Arundell and Surrey..was made High Steward. 1710J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. i. ii. (ed. 23) 83 The Lord High Steward of England or Vice-Roy. 1769Blackstone Comm. iv. xix. 257 They usually (in case of an impeachment of a peer for treason) address the crown to appoint a lord high steward. 1842J. G. Nichols in Gentl. Mag. May 485/2 To the high office of Steward of England the Duke of Lancaster became entitled in right of his wife, on the death of his father in law Henry Duke of Lancaster in 1361. 1907Harcourt His Grace the Steward 379 We may regard the Southampton trial as the true source of the court of the lord high steward.
b. (Lord High) Steward of Scotland. Hist. The first officer of the Scottish King in early times; he had control of the royal household, great administrative powers, and the privilege of leading the army into battle. The office, described as senescallatus Scotiae in a charter of Malcolm IV, 1158, fell in to the crown upon the accession of Robert the Steward as Robert II, whence the name of the royal house of Stuart; but the title was given to the heir-apparent until the Union. Great Steward of Scotland is now a title of the Prince of Wales.
1507Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 210 His derest son James, prince and stewart of Scotland. 1710J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. ii. ii. (ed. 23) 411 The Lord High Steward of Scotland..was..in the old Charters, placed before the Constable and Mareschal. a1768Erskine Inst. Law Scot. i. iv. §10 (1773) 57 We may here..add a few words concerning the office of Steward of Scotland. 1845New Statist. Acc. Scot. X. 497 Subsequently to his [sc. Malcolm's] time, we find the antiquated title of Abthane giving way to that of Steward of Scotland. 1875Maine Hist. Inst. 139 The blood of the Steward of Scotland runs in the veins of the Kings of England.
†4. A deputy-governor, vice-gerent. Obs.
c1205Lay. 11789 Sende ich wulle to Aðionærd Þe is min aȝene stiward... For him ich habbe wel bi-tæht Brutlond to witene. c1300Havelok 666 Þe wicke traitour godard, Þat was denema[r]k a stiward. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 435 Zephiron, Alisaundre his styward [L. præfectus Alexandri]. Ibid. IV. 425 He..ordeynede stywardes [L. præsides] to governe þese londes. c1450Merlin ii. 24 The barons chosen Vortiger to be stwarde.
fig.1436Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 12 Souden of all Surry, Emperour of Babilon, Steward of Helle. Ibid., And whi þat I am Stiward of Helle: I lete you wite I haue alle gouernaunce of wicked mawmentries & wicked spirites. 1645Ball Sphere Gov. 7 A King of England is but in nature of an high Steward of the Kingdome by inheritance.
5. a. One who manages the affairs of an estate on behalf of his employer.
a1386Chaucer Prol. 579 Worthy to been stywardes of rente and lond Of any lord that is in Engelond. c1420Sir Amadace (Camden) i, The stuard sayd, Sir, ȝe awe wele more Thenne ȝe may of ȝour londus rere, In faythe this seuyn ȝere. 1488Maldon (Essex) Liber B. fol. 39 Robert Plomer,..chefe Styward of landis on-to lord Henry, Erle of Essex. 1577Googe tr. Heresbach's Husb. i. 11 Ouer my Gate I haue laide my Steward, from whence he may looke into the Court..and ouersee his neighbour the Bayly. 1741Middleton Cicero I. vi. 456 The principal manager or steward of all his affairs. 1821D'Oyly Life Sancroft I. 468 On the following day, the servants of his establishment were dismissed by the steward. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Emp. (1854) I. 451 We believe that the stewards of England, though inferior, perhaps, to the factors of Scotland, are a..useful body of men. 1892Lady Verney Verney Mem. I. 14 The estate had been so long without a head, under the management of the steward. 1910C. Shorter Highw. & Byways Buckingh. xvi. 177 The present Manor House..has long been given over to the Duke of Bedford's steward.
b. steward of the manor: one who transacts the financial and legal business of a manor on behalf of the lord; he holds the manor-court in the lord's absence, and keeps a copy of its rolls, whence the name steward of copyhold. steward of the leet, steward of the hundred, steward of the haven-court, an official with similar functions in the leet, hundred, and haven courts.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 5421 Stywardes..þat lordynges courtys holde. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. Prol. 96 Some..in stede of stuwardes sytten and demen. 1425Rolls of Parlt. IV. 306/2 Stuardus of Letus and Hundredis. 1531Star Chamber Cases (Selden Soc.) II. 186 William Marchall gentleman than being Steward of the seid Manour. c1537in W. Rye Cromer (1889) 52 Henry Erle of Surrey High Stuard of the Kyngs Haven Courts in Cromer. 1577Leigh Surv. G j b, Yerely Fees to any Receiuour..high Stewarde, or vnder Stewarde..to bee goyng out of a Mannour,..are called Reprises. c1600Mannor & Crt. Baron (1909) 200 The Stewarde ys an offycer named by the Lorde, and his offyce ys to directe the sewtors by order of lawe to recorde and regester the plees and Judgements of the Courte... And he is not Judge there but Recorder or clerke as shalbe sayde for he cannot quash an Essoin nor doe any other thinge withoute the assente of the Sewtors. 1791Ritson Jurisd. Crt.-Leet Introd. p. viii, The Leet is a court of record... It is held before the Steward..of the Lord. 1864S. P. Fox Kingsbridge Estuary 3 The Manor of Kingsbridge belongs to John Scobell, Esq...whose Steward holds a Court Leet and Court Baron here. 1897E. Howlett in W. Andrews' Legal Lore 93 The steward also usually presides at the copyhold courts of the manor.
c. The title of: The administrator, often with merely nominal duties, of certain estates of the Crown, as Steward of Blackburn Hundred, † the Duchy of Lancaster. For Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, see Chiltern 1.
1444Rolls of Parlt. V. 106/1 The Styward of the Duche of Lancastre. c1472Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 26 To our right trustie & welbeloved Sir William Plompton, knight, Stuard of the lordshipp of Spofford. 1499N. Riding Rec. N.S. (1894) I. 130 To..Sir Ricd Chomley, Stuard of oure lordship of Pykeryng. 1600in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. V. 383 Out of Blacborne hundreth, whereof yr maiestie haith made him the stuarde.
d. In Scotland: A magistrate originally appointed by the king to administer the crown lands forming a stewartry, q.v.; see quot. 1754. principal stewart, such an official as distinguished from the stewart-depute, to whom part of the duties were usually delegated. Obs. exc. Hist.
1432Sc. Acts Jas. I (1814) II. 21 Þe lorde of þe Regalite or his stewart or balȝe. 1473–4Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 10 Item of the Stewarte of Kirkcudbrith lx li. c1575Balfour Practicks (1754) 16 Stewartis and Stewartreis. Stratherne, Lord Drummond. 1678Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. i. xxvii. §x. (1699) 143 The Sheriffs, Lords of Regalities, and Stewarts, are declared Judges competent to this Crime. a1688J. Wallace Descr. Orkney (1693) 88 The Government of the Stewart is in the Kings Bounds, the Manner and Procedure of his Jurisdiction is after the form of Sheriffship, the Title only differing. 1708Procl. 18 Aug. in Lond. Gaz. No. 4464/4 We..ordain.. Our Solicitor to Dispatch Copies thereof to the Sheriffs of the several Shires, Stewarts of Stewartries. 1754Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 38 The stewart was the magistrate appointed by the King over such regality lands as happened to fall to the Crown by forfeiture, &c.; and therefore the stewart's jurisdiction was equal to that of a regality. a1768― Inst. Law Scot. i. iv. §10 (1773) 56 Regality-deputes were sometimes called stewards; but steward, in the strict sense, signified a magistrate appointed by the King over special lands belonging to himself. 1901R. De B. Trotter Galloway Gossip 236 Davie..summons't the laird for the price o' the hooses, but he made naething o't, for the Steward said he had nae writins on't. 1912A. Porteous Hist. Crieff ii. 32 The office of dapifer, seneschal, or steward, of Strathearn.
e. Steward of the High Peak: see quot. 1851.
1653E. Manlove Cust. Lead-mines 199 (E.D.S.) The Dutchie Court..may appoint a Steward, that may try The Cause again upon the minery. 1851Act 14 & 15 Vict. c. 94 §3 To be called the Steward of the High Peak Barmote Courts, and such Steward shall hold his Office during the Will and Pleasure of Her Majesty.
6. fig. (From senses 1 and 5.) An administrator and dispenser of wealth, favours, etc.; esp. one regarded as the servant of God or of the people.
Partly after Biblical uses, in which the word represents Gr. οἰκονόµος, L. dispensator.
c900Solil. Augustine in Cockayne Shrine (1864) 176 Me þincð betere þæt ic forlete þa ᵹyfe and folᵹyᵹe þam ᵹyfan ðe me eᵹðer ys stiward ᵹe ðas welan ᵹe eac hys freonscypes. a1225Ancr. R. 386 Luue is heouene stiward. c1430How Good Wyf tauȝte Douȝ. 21 in Babees Bk., Ȝeue of þin owne good, and be not to hard, For seelden is þat hous poore þere god is steward. 1539Bible (Great) 1 Cor. iv. 1 Let a man thys wyse esteme vs, euen as y⊇ minysters of Christ, and stewardes of the secretes of God. 1575–85Abp. Sandys Serm. x. 167 God hath made him rich, that he as a faithful steward might bestowe those riche blessings vpon the familie..of God. 1594A. Hume Poems (S.T.S.) 147 The Lord is a wise and discreet stewurt, and dispensator of his benefits. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, v. iii. 137 Master Shallow, my Lord Shallow, be what thou wilt, I am Fortunes Steward. 1615G. Sandys Trav. i. 32 Luxury being the steward, and the treasure vnexhaustable. 1765Blackstone Comm. i. vii. 257 He [the king] is the steward of the public, to dispense it [justice] to whom it is due. 1769Harte Eulogius 203 Just steward of the bounty he receiv'd, And dying poorer than the poor reliev'd! 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 19 A man of business and a vigilant steward of the public money.
7. a. An officer in a gild, usually ranking next to the alderman; also Hist. often as a rendering of L. senescallus, ONF. eskevein: see skevin.
10..in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 278, & ᵹyf he on neawyste forðfaren sy warniᵹe man þone stiwerd to hwylcere stowe þæt lic sceole & se stiwerd warniᵹe syððan ða ᵹeᵹyldan. 1432in F. A. Hibbert Orig. Eng. Gilds (1891) 46 The Stywardes and Maistres of the saide Crafte. 1494in Eng. Gilds (1870) 188 The Stuarde off the Gilde for the tyme beyng shall truly countrolle them yt ben absente. 1870Toulmin Smith English Gilds Introd. p. ciii, There was an alderman at the head of the Gild, and often stewards by his side as assistants.
b. In certain City companies: One of two or more officers, who are charged with the arrangements for the annual dinner. Cf. sense 10.
1614in W. M. Williams Ann. Founders' Co. (1867) 90 That..Master Wardens, Assistants, and Livery should pay to the Stewards for the providing of dynner on the day of the Master's Feast the some of Two Shillings each. a1700Evelyn Diary 21 Sept. 1671, I din'd..at the fraternity feast in Yron-mongers Hall, where the 4 stewards chose their successors. 1796in W. M. Williams Ann. Founders' Co. (1867) 165 That as two stewards, properly enabled to serve the office, cannot be immediately fixed upon, the annual dinner, on Lord Mayor's day, be omitted.
c. In various societies, the title of certain officers forming an executive committee. Cf. sense 10.
1831in J. C. Whyte's Hist. Brit. Turf (1840) I. 145 At a meeting of the Stewards and Members of the Jockey Club, it was stated that [etc.]. 1910Encycl. Brit. (ed. 11) XIII. 732/2 Sport is carried on under the auspices of the Jockey Club... Three stewards, one of whom retires each year,..govern the..work of the club... The stewards of the Jockey Club are ex officio stewards of Ascot, Epsom, Goodwood and Doncaster. All other meetings are controlled by stewards, usually well-known patrons of the Turf invited to act by the projectors of the fixture.
8. A corporation official, whose rank and duties vary widely in different muncipalities; often with a defining word, as capital steward, city steward, town steward.
1433Rolls of Parlt. IV. 477/1 The Styward of the seid Town. 1835App. Munic. Corpor. Rep. i. 188 The Steward [of Cardiff]..is required to be learned in the law. Ibid. 613 The Capital Steward [of South Molton]..has neither duties nor emoluments. Ibid. ii. 1275 The Town Steward [of Dorchester] is the treasurer of the corporation. Ibid. iii. 1741 Previous to the year 1714, the city steward [of York] was appointed by the upper house.
9. high steward (see also 3).
a. In the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the title (in academic Latin seneschallus) of a judicial officer, in whom is vested the jurisdiction belonging to the university in causes of treason and felony.
1459in Munim. Acad. (Rolls) I. 345 If the same prisoner be claymed by the said Chaunceller or his styward..within iv. wykes next after his takyng and imprisonyng in the common prison of the town. c1674Wood Fasti Oxon. (1790) 180 The Office of Steward in this University concerning the capital and chief causes of Scholars and privileged persons, King Henry IV..did institute. 1714Ayliffe Ant. & Pres. St. Univ. Oxf. II. 166 The Lord High Steward..is to hold and keep the University Court-Leet..either by himself, or his Under-Steward,..and on account of this Office, the High Steward receives the yearly Fee of five Pounds from the University. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVIII. 684 The trial of treason, felony, and mayhem, by a particular charter, is committed to the university jurisdiction in..the court of the lord high steward of the university. 1824Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XVI. 184 art. Cambridge [Officers of the University] 2 A High Steward, who has special power to take the trial of scholars impeached of felony, and to hold and keep a court-leet within the university. 1845G. R. M. Ward tr. Oxf. Univ. Statutes I. 178 The office of High Steward or Deputy High Steward of the University. 1895Rashdall Universities II. ii. 409 Henry IV [in 1406] gave the University [of Oxford] the right to claim the surrender of ‘privileged persons’ indicted for felony, who were thereupon to be tried by a newly-constituted officer of the University, the Seneschal or Steward, to be appointed by the Chancellor. Ibid. 790 The jurisdiction of the Court of the High Steward of the University [of Oxford]..remains intact, but the privilege has never been claimed for a century or more.
†b. An official having at the inthronization of an archbishop ceremonial functions similar to those of the Lord High Steward at a coronation. Obs.
15..in Dugdale Monast. (1817) I. 118/1 He shoulde be the hye stewarde of the sayde archbyshop, and of his successors, at their great feast, when it shoulde fortune the sayde archbyshoppe to be intronizated.
c. In certain English cities, a municipal title of dignity, usually borne by a nobleman or royal prince.
1563in W. H. Turner Select Rec. Oxford (1880) 306 Sir Francis Knollis, Knyght, was chosen stuarde of this Cytie of Oxford this the third day of February, 1563. 1582Nottingham Rec. IV. 199 The Earle of Rutland beinge Highe Steward. 1835App. Munic. Corpor. Rep. i. 59 The present lord high steward [of Gloucester] is His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester. 1914Kelly's Oxf. Directory 142 High Steward [of the city of Oxford], the Right Hon. the Earl of Jersey.
10. A person appointed to supervise the arrangements or maintain order at a race meeting, exhibition, dinner, ball, concert, public gathering, etc.
1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3949/4 The Horses to be shewn at the George in Amsbury.., and to be entred by the Steward. 1709Bp. Atterbury Serm. Sons of Clergy Ded., To the Worshipful Mr. John Tenison [and others] Stewards for the Late Feast of the Sons of the Clergy. 1751Laws of Mus. Soc. at Castle-Tavern, Pater-noster-row 13 The Stewards shall observe the Directions herein after mentioned..for preserving good Order at the Concerts. 1812Examiner 24 Aug. 542/1 He himself was one of the Stewards of that dinner! 1841J. W. Orderson Creoleana vi. 62 It was customary for the stewards..to arrange the order of the minuets. 1854Poultry Chron. II. 330/2 Fill up the delivery order, stating how the birds are to be returned. The stewards will pack them after the show. 1910[see 7 c]. 1915Morn. Post 7 Dec. 4/3 The meeting was perfectly quiet..until one or two of the stewards..attempted to remove four or five Colonial soldiers.
11. An overseer of workmen. In mod. use, the ‘underlooker’ of a colliery, ‘who receives his orders from the manager, and to whom the overmen and deputies report upon the state of the mine’ (Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, 1883); also, in Scotland, the foreman of a workshop. Also occas. = shop steward s.v. shop n. 9 d.
a1300Cursor M. 5525 On þam þe king sett sere stuward [magistros operum] To hald þam in-to werkes hard. 1708J. C. Compleat Collier (1845) 38 Six Pence per Corfe,..which is Deducted..by the Steward or Pay-Master. 1916Observer 9 Jan. 12/2 The fact that Logan had strong trades union views is nothing exceptional for a shop's steward. 1943Sun (Baltimore) 13 Oct. 8/4 Union local stewards..voted to end their stoppage. 1977Times 6 May 1/6 The stewards are also pointing out that they are at one with management.
12. Among Methodists, a layman appointed to manage the financial affairs of a congregation (society steward or chapel steward) or of a circuit (circuit steward). Also book steward, the manager of the Book-room or publication department of the Wesleyan Methodist Society; poor steward, a person appointed in a congregation to administer the funds collected for the poor.
1741Wesley Jrnl. 23 May (1749) 85 The Stewards of the Society (who receive and expend what is contributed weekly). 1771― Jrnl. 31 Mar. (1777) 22 In the Methodist discipline, the wheels regularly stand thus: the assistant, the preachers, the stewards, the leaders, the people. 1896Daily News 10 Mar. 5/3 The Rev. C. H. Kelly, the book steward, who is still prosecuting his searches in the Archives of the Wesleyan Book Room. 1904Daily Chron. 15 Feb. 3/5 Mr. Slack is an active member of the Wesleyan Methodist body... He is circuit-steward of the West London Mission.
13. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 5 d) steward-clerk; also steward boy, = house-boy s.v. house n.1 24; † stewart-compt, Sc. the statement of the accounts of a stewartry; stewart-, steward-court, Sc. the court having jurisdiction within a stewartry; also attrib.; steward-depute, see 5 d; steward's mate, the assistant of a ship's steward; steward's room, steward-room, see quots.; steward's table (see quot.).
1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 613 Assisting Idabea and the *steward boys in chivying this pig. 1962Sat. Even. Post 5 May 80/3 Her evening spent in helping Fossey's old stewardboy to beat carpets. 1977Daily Times (Lagos) 25 Feb. 22/4 (Advt.), Driver, Steward boy, Houseboy, wanted.
1912A. Porteous Hist. Crieff ii. 48 Other officials connected with the Steward Court were: the Judge or Judex, the Steward Depute, the *Steward Clerk, the Doomster or Deemster.
1580Exch. Rolls Scot. XXI. 549, I am restand awand in my *stewart compt of Menteyth the sowme of 32 pundis.
1475in 3rd Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. 418/1 Vylȝam reyd, dempstar of the *stewart curt of Stratherne. a1600in W. Nicolson Leges Marchiarum (1705) 202 First that he..charge him within the Stewart-Court Book. 1752J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 287 The several Officers in the Sheriff or Stewart-courts are prohibited to take..any other or higher Fees.
a1600in W. Nicolson Leges Marchiarum (1705) 202 Ane wise and famous Gentleman,..to be *Stewart Deput. 1824G. Chalmers Caledonia III. iii. v. 247 In 1747 this stewartry was placed under a stewart⁓depute.
1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4440/1 The..*Stewards Mate, Cooks Mate,..and Marine-Soldiers, two Eighth Parts.
1627Capt. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 13 The *Stewards roome. 1644H. Manwayring Seamans Dict. 102 Stewards-Roome, is that part of the Howlde, wherein the Victuals are Stowed. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 153 Steward's room, an apartment built on the larboard side of the after platform, whence the purser's steward issues the provisions to the ship's company, and where he makes up his accounts.
1758(title) Treatise on the Use and Abuse of the Second, commonly called the *Steward's Table, in Families of the First Rank.
▪ II. steward, v.|ˈstjuːəd|
[f. steward n.]
1. trans. To manage, administer.
1621Bp. H. King Serm. 25 Nov. To Rdr. L 3 b, Whether I haue vprightly stewarded his honour, and my owne faith, I leaue to the strict iudgement of any who are able to..discerne Truth from Imposture. 1626J. Yates Ibis ad Cæsarem i. To Rdr., The Athenian Commander,.. having ill stewarded the Treasury of the Commonwealth. 1639Fuller Holy War ii. xxxi. (1640) 85 Did he thus requite his mothers care in stewarding the State? 1905Daily Chron. 22 Sept. 4/5 A race..who may..steward aright the mighty heritage which is passing into their hands.
2. intr. To do the duties of a steward.
1897J. Chalmers in R. Lovett Autobiog. & Lett. (1902) 434 We have with us two boys to cook and stward for us.
Hence ˈstewarding vbl. n.
1548Udall Erasm. Par. Luke vi. 17–19 To whom the dispensacion & stewardyng of goddes woorde is to be committed. 1602Archpriest Controv. (Camden) I. 232 Every baker or brewer, for stewarding and treasuringe..must, by this newe device, be made equall with you. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. iv. xii, As for stewarding, I think it's time my brother gave that up. |