sanction1 nounsanction2 verb
sanctionsanc‧tion1 /ˈsæŋkʃən/ ●○○ noun 
WORD ORIGINsanction1
Origin:
1400-1500 Old French, Latin sanctio, from sancire; ➔ SAINTEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
- He acted without religious or government sanction.
- Britain said it was ready to lift the sanctions at once.
- Harrassment of ethnic or religious minorities would result in various international sanctions.
- Like informal sanctions, formal sanctions may be positive or negative.
- Mijic said his paper is facing an inner wall of sanctions, however.
- Polanyi would propose a world environment organisation with the right to impose sanctions on countries that refuse to cut emissions.
- Such sanctions are likely to make the child angry.
- This confidence was given a democratic sanction in the referendum of 28 September 1958.
- When I was there they were desperate for one and anxious that the sanctions should be lifted.
Longman Language Activatoran official order forbidding something
an official statement that forbids something, based on a law or a government decision: ban on: · The city has imposed a ban on smoking in all restaurants.· There has been worldwide protest against the ban on girls' education.a total/complete ban: · The government is considering a total ban on the sale of handguns.impose a ban on something (=ban something): · A ban has been imposed on the hunting and killing of whales.lift a ban (=stop having a ban): · The new prime minister agreed to lift the ban on opposition newspapers.
official orders forbidding trade or dealings with a particular country, used as a way of punishing them or stopping them from doing something: · Economic sanctions can be as effective as military action.sanctions against: · The Canadian foreign minister criticized U.S. sanctions against Cuba.sanctions on: · Protesters called for sanctions on all countries that violate the human rights of their citizens.impose sanctions (=start having sanctions): · The U.S. threatened to impose sanctions on any country that used chemical or biological weapons.
an official order forbidding trade in a particular product with a particular country for political or economic reasons: trade/oil/arms etc embargo: · There was a relaxation of the American trade embargo.embargo on: · an embargo on British beef· The government has imposed an arms embargo on countries involved in international terrorism.
an official order made by a court forbidding someone to do something, which includes a threat of punishment if they ignore the order: · A court injunction forbade Clive Heywood to enter his wife's house.take out an injunction (=get an injunction from a court): · The government is taking out an injunction against the newspaper to try to stop it publishing a secret report.
WORD SETSabsolutism, nounadministration, nounagency, nounagent, nounagent provocateur, nounalderman, nounally, nounassembly, nounautarchy, nounautocracy, nounautocrat, nounautonomous, adjectiveautonomy, nounban, nounbaron, nounbig government, nounbilateral, adjectivebody politic, nounbudget, nounbureau, nounbureaucracy, nouncabinet, nouncaliphate, nouncanton, nouncanvass, verbcapital, nouncapitalist, nounCapitol Hill, nounCBE, nouncede, verbcentral, adjectivecentral government, nouncentralism, nouncentralize, verbchancellery, nounchancery, nouncharter, nouncharter, verbchief, nounCIA, the, city hall, nouncity-state, nounclient state, nounCo., coalition, nouncold war, nouncolonial, adjectivecolonial, nouncolonialism, nouncolonize, verbcolony, nouncommissioner, nouncommune, nounconsort, nounconstitution, nounconstitutional, adjectiveconstitutionality, nounconvention, nouncoronation, nouncount, nouncounterintelligence, nouncountess, nouncounty, nouncounty council, noundecolonize, verbdemocracy, noundemocratic, adjectivedependency, noundespotism, noundétente, noundethrone, verbdevolution, noundictatorial, adjectivedictatorship, noundiplomacy, noundiplomatic immunity, noundirective, noundisinformation, noundispatch, noundispensation, noundissent, verbdistrict council, noundocumentation, nounDOD, dominion, nounDowning Street, noundynasty, nounearl, nounearldom, nounempire, nounEuro, adjectiveEurope, nounexecutive, nounexecutive privilege, nounfall, verbfall, nounfederalism, nounfeudal, adjectivefeudalism, nounfeudalistic, adjectivegazette, nounhead of state, nounhigh commission, nounimperial, adjectiveindependence, nounindependent, adjectiveinfrastructure, nouninstigate, verbinsurgent, nouninsurrection, nounintelligence, nouninternal, adjectivejunket, nounjunta, nounkingdom, nounkingship, nounkitchen cabinet, nounland office, nounland registry, nounlegation, nounlegislature, nounlicensed, adjectivelocal authority, nounlocal government, nounmaharajah, nounmaharani, nounmandate, nounmandated, adjectivemartial law, nounMBE, nounmeasure, nounmidterm, nounministry, nounminority government, nounmisrule, nounmonarchy, nounmonolith, nounmonolithic, adjectivemoratorium, nounmouthpiece, nounmove, verbmover, nounmunicipal, adjectivemunicipality, nounNASA, nounnational, adjectivenational debt, nounNational Health Service, the, nationalize, verbnational monument, nounnation state, nounNATO, nounneocolonialism, nounneutral, adjectiveneutral, nounneutralize, verbnon-aligned, adjectivenon-intervention, nounnon-proliferation, noun-ocracy, suffix-ocrat, suffixofficiate, verboligarchy, nounoperational, adjectiveoperative, nounoverthrow, verboverthrow, nounoverturn, verbpacify, verbpact, nounpalatinate, nounpardon, nounparish, nounpartition, nounpass, verbpeer, nounpeer, verbpeerage, nounpeeress, nounpermit, nounplenary, adjectiveplutocracy, nounpolice state, nounpolitburo, nounpolitical science, nounpolity, nounpork, nounpork barrel, nounportfolio, nounpossession, nounprecinct, nounprefecture, nounpremiership, nounpresidium, nounprotectorate, nounpublic, adjectivepublic service, nounquota, nounR, ratify, verbrealm, nounrecall, nounrecognition, nounrecognize, verbregency, nounregent, nounregime, nounregister, nounregulation, nounrelease, nounrepeal, verbrepresentative, nounrepressive, adjectiverepublic, nounrepublican, adjectiverescind, verbreunify, verbrevoke, verbrising, nounroyalist, nounruling, adjectivesanction, nounseat, nounsecret agent, nounsecurity service, nounself-governing, adjectiveself-rule, nounsheikh, nounshire, nounsocial democracy, nounsocialist, adjectivesocial service, nounsovereign, adjectivesovereignty, nounspin doctor, nounstaff, nounstate, nounstatehood, nounStatehouse, nounstate line, nounstate of emergency, nounstatewide, adjectivesubject, adjectivesubject, verbsultanate, nounsummit, nounsuperpower, nounsuppress, verbsupranational, adjectivesurgery, nounsuzerainty, nountechnocracy, nounterritory, nounthrone, nountopple, verbtotalitarian, adjectivetown planning, nountownship, nountransit visa, nountreaty, nountribalism, nountripartite, adjectivetrusteeship, nountsarism, nountyrant, nountzarism, noununconstitutional, adjectiveunification, noununify, verbunilateral, adjectiveunion, nounUnion Jack, nounvassal, nounVIP, nounviscount, nounviscountess, nounwelfare state, nounWhitehall, noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYADJECTIVES/NOUN + sanctions
The government plans to lift its ban on cigar imports.COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
1sanctions [plural] official orders or laws stopping trade, communication etc with another country, as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changessanction against· The United Nations is considering new economic sanctions.
· International sanctions were imposed on Iraq after it invaded Kuwait in 1990.
(=severe)· Due to strict sanctions, the country is unable to import the medicines it needs.
verbs (=start using them)· The US imposed economic sanctions on Panama.
(=stop using them)· Washington has since refused to lift sanctions.
(=make them less strict)· The last administration decided to ease sanctions against Cuba.
(=make sure they are obeyed)· The UN will have the job of enforcing the sanctions.
(=send something to another country when this is not allowed)· Several companies broke trade sanctions by continuing to export weapons to the country.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES (=laws that stop trade with another country, as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changes)· The UN threatened economic sanctions against the regime.
· The EU has threatened to enforce sanctions by blockading the port.
The government plans to lift its ban on cigar imports.· To these criminal sanctions against directors, section 242A adds civil penalties, against the company.· The third bill treats unsolicited e-mail like unsolicited faxes and subjects the sender to potential criminal sanction.· If these provisions are not adhered to, ensuing contracts may be unenforceable and criminal sanctions may follow.· Male homosexual relations are still much more heavily restricted by criminal sanction.· The threat of criminal sanction hangs over those who refute the constable's perception of events.· To maintain criminal sanctions for a plant that is arguably safer than alcohol puts children at risk.
· But what enables a state to resist the effects of economic sanctions?· Finally, the courts have ruled that school boards can impose economic sanctions on teachers who go on strike.· Unfortunately, never in contemporary history have economic sanctions felled a regime, no matter how weak.· They were criticised for a cavalier approach to company expenses and for contravening the government's economic sanctions against Rhodesia.· The move towards economic sanctions is necessary, unfortunately, but sanctions will take a very long time to work.
· There is then no effective sanction against illegal tapping.· The degree of mobility in modern economies generally precludes local communities from exerting effective sanctions on anything.
· Like informal sanctions, formal sanctions may be positive or negative.· These range from, market forces eg. the desire to maintain an unblemished reputation, to formal sanctions eg prosecution at law.· Control of the beat officer through formal organizational sanctions had both negative and positive attributes.· Government control depends on bargaining, rather than on formal sanctions that are generally ineffective.· And yet those same acts today escape formal sanction.
· However, they called for the maintenance of international sanctions until a new political dispensation was in place.· Harrassment of ethnic or religious minorities would result in various international sanctions.· Detecting a weakening of international resolve on sanctions, Mandela responded angrily to the Western countries' positions.· Vlok said that the money had come from a fund established to combat international sanctions.· The real parallels, however, lie in the political reactions to international sanctions in both cases.
· He repudiated his first wife and married a recognised Judaic princess, thereby seeking at least a form of legal sanction.· The most frequent legal sanction imposed against corporations and their executives are fines.· A third point of distinction concerns the nature of legal and market sanctions.· Rights without the backbone of legal sanction, Bentham contends, is just talk.· But this is not the imposition of a direct legal sanction.· What is of relatively recent origin, however, is the creation of bureaucracies equipped with legal sanctions to regulate economic life.· It was this case that first showed the considerable legal sanctions available against unions under the new legislation.· Obviously, because the possession of heroin is illegal, users must maintain a low profile for fear of legal sanctions.
· Certain norms are formalized by translation into laws which are enforced by official sanctions.· Even in San Francisco, perhaps the most AIDS-acclimatised city in the world, needle-exchange programmes lack official sanction.· Both should receive official sanction and both require in-service training opportunities to acquire the necessary skills.· This in effect recognized and gave official sanction to the thriving black market.· Accordingly, Manville took out his code manual and began preparing an official sanction for despatch to Brussels.· You've cleared official sanction for Operation Cuckoo to go ahead.
· It represents a number of auxiliary practices which make punitive sanctions more effective.
· There may be a variety of social sanctions which lead to a high level of participation.· Basically, it consists of: Traditional caste systems in which roles are assigned at birth and enforced by social sanctions.· Judgements of worth and social sanctions are individuated and tailored to past commitments.
· Dealing: The report urges much tougher sanctions on the suppliers of all illegal drugs.
· Examples of the use of this ultimate sanction are few.· The ultimate sanction may be for them to sack the person whom they regard as being mainly to blame.· Only if its many controls fail will the ultimate sanction, i.e. revocation of the disposal licence, be invoked.· War as the ultimate sanction was not a credible solution.· The ultimate sanction is financial: an additional award of compensation.
NOUN· But the court held unanimously that the state's restrictions were overridden when Congress passed its own sanctions regime later that year.· At the same time, international interests would like to ease the sanctions regime, particularly the trade embargo.· According to U.S. and Western officials, Washington has quietly begun to review its screening of imports under the sanctions regime.· Precisely because of the intense coercion caused by the sanctions regime and Western attitudes, all now stand behind the regime.· Such a veto would be difficult to defend internationally and could well lead to an uncontrollable erosion of the sanctions regime.· Meanwhile the flouting of the sanctions regime proceeds apace.
· A more ambitious bill that would have ended virtually all trade sanctions was voted down earlier in the same house debate.
VERB· In the scenario, the United Nation applies sanctions to Korona and demands that it leave Kartuna by a certain deadline.
· At the same time, international interests would like to ease the sanctions regime, particularly the trade embargo.· The latest resolution proposes to ease sanctions after weapons inspections are resumed for an initial 120 days.
· A more ambitious bill that would have ended virtually all trade sanctions was voted down earlier in the same house debate.· But nor is there a consensus on ending sanctions, thereby admitting that the policy of 10 years has failed.
· Certain norms are formalized by translation into laws which are enforced by official sanctions.· Basically, it consists of: Traditional caste systems in which roles are assigned at birth and enforced by social sanctions.
· Mercifully, Balestre subsequently retracted the ban on Goodyear, but emphasized that Cosworth and Ilmor would face serious sanctions.
· A government or religion prescribes and imposes sanctions selected by their effectiveness in controlling citizen or communicant.· Finally, the courts have ruled that school boards can impose economic sanctions on teachers who go on strike.· The United States has not ruled out imposing sanctions.· Even so, President Clinton had no choice but impose additional sanctions in response to the shoot-downs.
· Britain said it was ready to lift the sanctions at once.· In addition to abolishing the speed limit, the bill lifted federal sanctions against states without motorcycle helmet laws.· Reagan lifted the pipeline sanctions and Britoil went up for sale and Lech Walesa was freed.· Dissidents in Havana believe his regime would not long outlast the lifting of sanctions.
· Nor do I believe in deliberately making people poor: that is why I oppose sanctions.
· The latest resolution proposes to ease sanctions after weapons inspections are resumed for an initial 120 days.· The House is scheduled to vote Jan. 21 on proposed sanctions against Gingrich.· The panel has wide latitude in proposing a sanction.
· Lawmakers and independent experts have expressed differing views on whether Gingrich can tap his well-stocked campaign fund to pay the recommended sanction.· McGehee advocates the creation of an independent Office of Ethics Counsel to interpret the rules, investigate complaints and recommend sanctions.· It said the housing authority had wasted money and approved contracts improperly, and recommended serious sanctions from the U.S.
· He said he would support harsher sanctions now being considered by Congress.
· Late last year, the panel and House leaders agreed the House would vote on the sanction by Jan. 21.· Under a schedule worked out earlier this week, the House would vote on the sanction no later than Jan. 21.
US sanctions against Cuba a resolution to impose sanctions (=start using sanctions) on North Korea the threat of trade sanctions The UN Security Council may impose economic sanctions. Any talk about lifting sanctions (=ending them) is premature.2[uncountable] formal official permission, approval, or acceptance SYN approval: Apparently, the aide had acted without White House sanction.3[countable] formal a form of punishment that can be used if someone disobeys a rule or law SYN punishment: the harshest possible sanction which could be imposedCOLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + sanctionseconomic/trade sanctions· The United Nations is considering new economic sanctions.international sanctions· International sanctions were imposed on Iraq after it invaded Kuwait in 1990.tough/strict sanctions (=severe)· Due to strict sanctions, the country is unable to import the medicines it needs.verbsimpose sanctions (=start using them)· The US imposed economic sanctions on Panama.lift sanctions (=stop using them)· Washington has since refused to lift sanctions.ease sanctions (=make them less strict)· The last administration decided to ease sanctions against Cuba.enforce sanctions (=make sure they are obeyed)· The UN will have the job of enforcing the sanctions.break/violate sanctions (=send something to another country when this is not allowed)· Several companies broke trade sanctions by continuing to export weapons to the country.sanction1 nounsanction2 verb
sanctionsanction2 ●○○ verb [transitive] formal VERB TABLE
sanction
| Simple Form | ||
| Present | I, you, we, they | sanction |
| he, she, it | sanctions | |
| Past | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | sanctioned |
| Present perfect | I, you, we, they | have sanctioned |
| he, she, it | has sanctioned | |
| Past perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | had sanctioned |
| Future | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will sanction |
| Future perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will have sanctioned |
| Continuous Form | ||
| Present | I | am sanctioning |
| he, she, it | is sanctioning | |
| you, we, they | are sanctioning | |
| Past | I, he, she, it | was sanctioning |
| you, we, they | were sanctioning | |
| Present perfect | I, you, we, they | have been sanctioning |
| he, she, it | has been sanctioning | |
| Past perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | had been sanctioning |
| Future | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will be sanctioning |
| Future perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will have been sanctioning |
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
- Gambling will be not be sanctioned in any form.
- Allowing them to make such a decision does not sanction it - far from it.
- Nevertheless, extreme vigilance and monitoring are still needed each time a new product is sanctioned for release into the environment.
- Rabin told the Knesset that while he had sanctioned the use of force, he had never given illegal orders.
- Sefton council will consider whether to sanction the operation.
- There can be no art movement of the last 200 years that he has failed to sanction.
- They gave away small parcels, and even sanctioned the right to buy and sell property in the 1993 constitution.
- This judicial readiness to sanction rescue was revised in post-war years in the light of Bowlby's work on maternal deprivation.
- When used to sanction official disapproval of the Third Reich, this approach is unlikely to be controversial.
THESAURUS
to say that someone can do something – used about parents, teachers, or people in authority: · They don’t allow students to chew gum in the classroom.· I’m not allowed to stay out after ten o'clock.
[not in passive] to allow someone to do something.Let is not used in the passive, and is much more commonly used in everyday English than allow: · Will your mum let you come to the party?· I’ll borrow John’s bicycle, if he’ll let me.
formal if something is permitted, it is allowed according to the rules – used especially on written notices and announcements: · Smoking is not permitted anywhere in the building.
used when someone in an important official position decides to allow someone to do something: · He was given special permission to leave school early.· The Home Office has given him permission to stay in Britain indefinitely.
to say that you will allow someone to do something that will affect you personally, or a member of your family, when you have a legal right to say ‘no’: · Her parents have given their consent to the marriage.· You can’t build on someone’s land without the owner’s consent.
to officially allow a planned project or activity to happen: · The government finally gave the go-ahead for a new terminal at Heathrow airport.· A new nuclear plant has been given the go-ahead.
to officially or legally allow someone to do something – used about laws or people: · The UN resolution would authorize the use of force.· I never authorized them to give information about me to other banks.
to give someone the right to do or have something: · The pass entitles you to travel on any bus, at any time, in Norwich.· If the goods are faulty, the customer is entitled to a refund.
formal to give official approval and support for something: · The Truman administration refused to sanction a military attack.· The advertisements were sanctioned by the candidate himself.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES The government plans to lift its ban on cigar imports.COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB
(=laws that stop trade with another country, as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changes)· The UN threatened economic sanctions against the regime.
· The EU has threatened to enforce sanctions by blockading the port.
The government plans to lift its ban on cigar imports.· Blacks knew that every peaceful march and favorable court decision was being answered with acts of officially sanctioned violence.· Beyond the category of leaks described above exists a second category: the officially sanctioned leak calculated to produce a specific effect.· The live ammunition that I experienced was not officially sanctioned as being hazardous enough to be included.· At best, this organization achieves a grudging, superficial conformity to officially sanctioned patterns of thought and action.
NOUN· Any pertinent changes must be notified in good time if the court is to sanction the scheme.· The court will not sanction the scheme if the requisite statutory procedures have not been complied with.· The court will only sanction the scheme if it is reasonable.· If the petition is successful a court order is drawn up sanctioning the scheme and confirming the reduction of capital.· If this is not done, the court may exercise its discretion not to sanction the scheme.
VERB· As a result the government may find itself forced into refusing to sanction new expenditure.
PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY
1to officially accept or allow something SYN approve: - The social hierarchy was determined by birth and sanctioned by religion.
- The right of some one to exercise power is sanctioned by the organisation's rules.
The church refused to sanction the king’s second marriage.► see thesaurus at allow2be sanctioned by something to be made acceptable by something: a barbaric custom, but one sanctioned by long usage