单词 | correlation |
释义 | correlationcor‧re‧la‧tion /ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃən $ ˌkɔː-, ˌkɑː-/ ●○○ noun Word Origin WORD ORIGINcorrelation ExamplesOrigin: 1500-1600 Medieval Latin correlatio, from Latin com- ( ➔ COM-) + relatio ‘relation’EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatorwhen two facts, events, or situations are connected► connection Collocations · The two incidents might have something to do with each other, but I can't see the connection.connection between something and something · Students need to realize that there is a connection between education and their future.close connection · Sheldon revealed the close connection between poverty and bad health. ► relationship the way in which two things are connected and affect each other, or the way in which the connection can be explained: · Interest rates and government spending are connected, but the relationship is quite a complex one.relationship to/with something: · These accusations against me have no relationship to the truth.relationship between something and something: · She was worried that the company wouldn't see any relationship between her work experience and the job she was applying for. ► link a connection between two facts or events, especially when one causes or affects the other: link between: · Some scientists believe there may be a link between caffeine and heart disease.link with: · Police are investigating the scene to determine if there are any links with last week's bombing. ► correlation if there is a correlation between two things, they happen or exist together and it seems likely that one causes or influences the other: correlation between: · One of the students asked whether there was any correlation between rainfall and temperature.· In tests, no correlation was found between diet and intelligence.correlation with: · The study examines the correlation of violence on television with children's behavior.strong correlation: · Dawson argued that there is a strong correlation between teenage crime and low educational achievement. WORD SETS► HARD SCIENCEbaseline, nounboffin, nounconservation, nounconservationist, nouncontrol, nouncorrelation, noundouble-blind, adjectiveformula, nouninorganic, adjectiveinorganic chemistry, noun-logy, suffixmetallurgy, nounmicroscope, nounnatural science, nounnomenclature, noun-ologist, suffix-ology, suffixosmosis, nounphysical science, nounpipette, nounscience, nounscience park, nounscientist, nountechnical, adjectivetest tube, nountheoretical, adjectivetheoretically, adverbtheorist, nountheorize, verbtheory, nountoxicology, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYadjectives► a significant correlation [countable, uncountable] a connection between two ideas, facts etc, especially when one may be the cause of the othercorrelation between a strong correlation between urban deprivation and poor healthstrong/high/close/significant etc correlation There is a direct correlation between the best-known brands and the best-selling brands.correlation with There’s also some correlation with social class.COLLOCATIONSadjectivesa significant correlation· There is no significant correlation between age and work performance.a strong/high/close correlation· They found evidence of a high correlation between drinking and violence.a direct correlation· Research shows a direct correlation between TV viewing and poor academic work.a clear/obvious correlation· There is a clear correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and global warming.a positive correlation (=showing that two things are likely to exist together)· They found a positive correlation between good diet and life expectancy.a negative correlation (=showing that two things are not likely to exist together)· Is there a negative correlation between a person's weight and the distance they walk on an average day?verbsshow a correlation· Studies have shown a correlation between recession and property crime.find a correlation· Researchers failed to find any correlation between the two.observe a correlation· A correlation has been observed between untidiness and creativity.a correlation exists between something and something· A strong correlation exists between social class and exam success.· There is no significant correlation between age and work performance. ► a strong/high/close correlation· They found evidence of a high correlation between drinking and violence. ► a direct correlation· Research shows a direct correlation between TV viewing and poor academic work. ► a clear/obvious correlation· There is a clear correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and global warming. ► a positive correlation (=showing that two things are likely to exist together)· They found a positive correlation between good diet and life expectancy. ► a negative correlation (=showing that two things are not likely to exist together)· Is there a negative correlation between a person's weight and the distance they walk on an average day? verbs► show a correlation· Studies have shown a correlation between recession and property crime. ► find a correlation· Researchers failed to find any correlation between the two. ► observe a correlation· A correlation has been observed between untidiness and creativity. ► a correlation exists between something and something· A strong correlation exists between social class and exam success. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► clear· There is no clear correlation between the number of injections and the degree of abnormality recorded.· In Point Loma, for instance, there is no clear correlation between appreciation and airport noise zones.· These classifications are able to separate groups of nodal lymphomas with a clear correlation between morphological features and clinical behaviour.· It has long been known in education circles that a clear correlation exists between social class background and examination success.· Recent work makes us much less confident that any such clear correlation is possible.· Last year, Home Office research showed a clear correlation between recession and levels of property crime. ► close· We do not disagree in theory that there should be a closer correlation between actual price and the rate.· In support of this theory there is evidence of a close correlation between activity of Crohn's disease and conditions within the intestinal lumen.· Thus she thinks that there is a close correlation between the men she can seduce and the men she might marry.· There is therefore a fairly close correlation between the owning and trading memberships.· The close correlation between the data obtained from these two sources suggests that recall error is unlikely to be a confounding factor.· There has always been a close correlation between the status of older people, and their personal achievement.· Monthly sunshine figures often show a close correlation with rainfall and this held true for January 1993. ► direct· June Sheppard did not make a direct correlation between waste vills and regular plans on the basis of the limited evidence available.· Most researchers doubt that there has ever been a strong direct correlation between Church policy and individual family planning decisions.· There is thus believed to be a direct correlation between expected rewards and performance.· Moreover there is a direct correlation between the degree of adherence to the principles and success.· Over the years their percentage of television time has had a direct correlation to the increase in prize-money.· But there is rarely any direct correlation between defective products and liability awards.· For Robbe-Grillet, there was also a direct correlation between Balzacian realism as a literary form and the society which produced it.· I believe there is a direct correlation between the creation of job opportunities and the number of nominees you see every year. ► good· Experiments with exogenous compounds showed a good correlation between amounts added and amounts measured.· Particular attention may be needed in ensuring a good correlation with related records stored on other media.· A very good correlation was observed with preoperative studies. ► high· Eysenck's theory depends on a high correlation between criminality and particular personality characteristics identified by personality tests.· Evidence was cited from other economies to reveal a high correlation between the two.· They found high rank correlations between these two measures.· These factors increase the overall spread in their data and may have allowed a higher correlation between the measures.· There is also a high correlation between productivity and publication in highly-ranked journals.· In all cases the correlation of accident estimate with the other variables was higher than their correlation with risk ratings. ► inverse· By implication it is impossible to postulate any definite inverse correlation between changes in the real wage rate and changes in employment. ► negative· Numerous studies have shown a consistent negative correlation between age and participation in virtually every sporting activity.· We found significant negative correlations in faeces between soluble fatty acids and bile acids and insoluble calcium and phosphate.· If such balancing selection maintains a substantial fraction of life-history variation, it will generate negative genetic correlations among life-history traits.· However, for exemplars of the less risky junctions a negative correlation was observed.· This correlation is confirmed in the regression model which also shows a negative correlation with education level of project leader. ► positive· By producing trend and level analyses they suggest a positive correlation between publication rates of research groups and their output.· For instance, there is a positive correlation between marital dissatisfaction and the reported intensity of premenstrual symptoms.· This increase in gastric secretion showed a positive correlation to the total number of cigarettes smoked.· A positive correlation of smoking with incidence of Alzheimer's has recently been observed.· A positive correlation was observed between the gastric juice ammonium and severity of gastritis.· The correlations were positive apart from the correlation with HDL/total cholesterol which was negative.· There might even be some positive correlations between these two sets of variables.· There was a positive correlation between the number of months elapsed since a patient's most recent attack and amylase secretion. ► rank· Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data and Spearman's rank order correlation.· Correlation were assessed with Spearman's rank correlation test.· Between treatment comparisons were made using signed rank tests and correlations were sought using Spearman's rank correlation test.· Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's rank correlation test as appropriate.· Correlation between variables was calculated by Spearman's rank correlation.· They found high rank correlations between these two measures.· The method used is based on collecting and clustering bigram statistics using a rank correlation metric.· The numbers are the rank correlation coefficients. ► significant· His only significant correlation is between the level of communication and democratic performance.· We found significant negative correlations in faeces between soluble fatty acids and bile acids and insoluble calcium and phosphate.· There was also a relatively minor but significant correlation between the rate of known opioid use and townships' population size.· There was no significant correlation between the frequency of extrasystoles, either supraventricular or ventricular, and oxygen saturation values.· The second important finding from this study is the significant correlation between faecal wet weight and stool fat.· None the less, there is more than one pattern of results which could produce a significant average correlation between risk and recall. ► statistical· The criticisms have been both technical and ideological and some of them apply just as much to the statistical correlation studies.· In a sense, this criticism is an extension of the issue of causation discussed earlier in relation to the statistical correlation studies.· A statistical procedure called correlation is frequently used to calculate the agreement between two sets of figures. ► strong· Overall the strongest correlations are with clarity of problem definition, clarity of problem understanding and completeness of information.· Most researchers doubt that there has ever been a strong direct correlation between Church policy and individual family planning decisions.· There was, however, a strong correlation between the success of grant applicants and their satisfaction with the system.· A solid majority shows strong correlation with disrespectful behavior, verbal abuse and physical aggression.· This notion was further supported by the strong correlation revealed for cellular IgG1 proportions in healthy and affected ulcerative colitis twins.· The study found a strong correlation between donations and voting records.· As you might expect, studies show a strong correlation between marital dissatisfaction and infidelity.· Both Lipset and Coleman find a strong correlation between indices of modernization and democratization. NOUN► coefficient· To measure associations, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used.· For example, suppose that the correlation coefficient is zero.· The relationships between variables were evaluated by the simple correlation coefficient and a multiple regression analysis.· This particular measure is the square of the correlation coefficient which has been used throughout Chapters 4 and 5.· Portfolios P 1a to P 5a are varied by making changes in the correlation coefficients.· Correlation studies were performed using linear regression and Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated.· So beta merely uses the correlation coefficient to weight the ratio of the risks of the security and the market. VERB► calculate· Correlation coefficients were calculated by Spearman rank correlation test and, in selected instances, the chi square test.· Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient was calculated to determine the correlation between relative frequency and coverage.· Correlation coefficients were calculated as Spearman rank correlations and comparison between the two methods by the sign test.· The least square method was used in calculating the correlations.· For each subject the correlation between this score and their familiarity ratings for the 10 junctions was calculated.· Because subjects differ between the experiments the correlations calculated here are simply correlations over the 60 films of the mean ratings. ► establish· To establish a correlation is not necessarily to establish a connection.· A notional/functional approach essentially seeks to establish correlations between systemic and schematic elements.· They establish correlations and infer causal relations between the social status of these groups and their political power.· He used the computer to establish correlations. ► find· Gray finds a correlation between global warming and industrialisation.· Other researchers can always find a correlation weight and early death because fewer heavy people than slender people exercise, he says.· We found significant negative correlations in faeces between soluble fatty acids and bile acids and insoluble calcium and phosphate.· The study found a strong correlation between donations and voting records.· They found high rank correlations between these two measures.· Using past experience, the networks find correlations between approximately 100 sensory measurements.· Yet even for inexpensive recreation pursuits we still find a strong positive correlation of participation with income.· Researchers failed to find any correlation, even though milk contains approximately the same number of calories as juice. ► observe· The observed inter-element correlations are reflected by the four major factors identified in a principle component analysis. ► show· In this study the antigliadin antibody-IgG test was often abnormal on gluten free diet and showed almost no correlation with the microchallenge.· It usually occurs in the first 6 months of treatment and does not show any correlation with the dosage.· As you might expect, studies show a strong correlation between marital dissatisfaction and infidelity.· A solid majority shows strong correlation with disrespectful behavior, verbal abuse and physical aggression.· In this study we could not show correlation between pathological scores or their distribution and any clinical parameter.· The investigations of Bergstein etal showed a correlation between the duration of raised PAI1 and renal outcome.· Two scales showed a correlation with positive changes on an outcome measure - Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory.· Although inconsistencies clearly exist, most studies of large bowel tumours show a very strong correlation between immunocytochemical positivity and p53 mutation. ► use· Abinitio calculations and computer analysis have been extensively used to demonstrate acceptable correlations between theoretical and experimental results.· So beta merely uses the correlation coefficient to weight the ratio of the risks of the security and the market.· Between treatment comparisons were made using signed rank tests and correlations were sought using Spearman's rank correlation test.· Correlation data were analysed using the Spearman rank correlation method.· Statistical analysis was performed using correlation coefficients, t tests, and Mann-Whitney U test.· The method used is based on collecting and clustering bigram statistics using a rank correlation metric.· The least square method was used in calculating the correlations. |
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