cardamomn.

Brit.

/ˈkɑːdəməm/, U.S.

/ˈkɑrdəməm/,

/ˈkɑrdəˌmɑm/

Forms:

α. Middle English– cardamum, Middle English 1600s– cardimum, Middle English–1700s cardamome, 1600s cardumome, 1600s– cardamom.

β. 1500s– cardamon, 1500s–1600s cardamone, 1600s– cardemon.

γ. 1600s cardamonie, 1600s cardamony.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin cardamōmum.

Etymology: < classical Latin cardamōmum < Hellenistic Greek καρδάμωμον cardamum < ancient Greek κάρδαμον (classical Latin cardamum) cress, of unknown origin (perhaps a loanword) + ἄμωμον amomum n., with haplology. Parallels in other European languages. Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French cardamome (c1170 in Old French as cardemome ), Catalan cardamom (2nd half of the 13th cent.), Spanish cardamomo (mid 13th cent. or earlier), Portuguese cardamomo (early 16th cent.), Italian cardamomo (2nd half of the 13th cent.), and also Middle High German kardamōm , kardamuome (13th cent.; German Kardamom ). Earlier evidence for the Latin word in an English context. Compare the following earlier example of post-classical Latin cardimomum , variant of cardamomum , in an English context: ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xxxiii. 930 Cardimomum is double, lasse and more... Þe firste is cleped þe bettre..and helpeþ þerfore aȝens þe cardiac passioun and aȝein wlatnesse and indignacioun of þe stomak. Notes on forms. The β. forms show dissimilation of nasals in the final syllable. The γ. forms show remodelling of the ending, perhaps after the names of other plants and substances used as medicinal agents, as e.g. agrimony n., antimony n. Compare also Italian †cardemoniy (c1300), variant of cardamomo (see above).

a. The aromatic seed capsules or seeds (whole or ground) of the South Asian herbaceous plant Elettaria cardamomum (family Zingiberaceae), used as a spice and as a medicinal agent; (also) the plant itself; (as a count noun) a seed capsule or a plant of this species. In early use also: the seed capsules or seeds of any of several other plants of the family Zingiberaceae (now only with distinguishing word; cf. sense b).green cardamom: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > cardamom

cardamom?c1425

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific seeds

linseedc1000

lupinesa1398

nigellaa1398

cardamom?c1425

line1540

semendacy1714

ispaghul1810

ergot1860

Physostigma1864

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for indigestion > plant-derived

cardamom?c1425

sweet nasturtium1712

hydrastis1861

papain1880

?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 631 Take..of greynes, of cardamome [L. cardamomi], of longe piper.

1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Bvj^v There begin spyces to be found, as ginger..Cardamome [L. cardamomum], Cassia.

1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 122 Cardamom, or Graines of Paradise, are good to be drunke against the falling sicknesse.

1655 Perfect Diurnall No. 282. 4340 We had news of the arival of the Ship Welcome from the Indias, whose Cargaison is as followeth, 80 Bales of Cotton yarn, 300 Bales of Sugar.., 66 Bales of Cardamum.

1670 J. Ogilby Africa 344 About Cape Verde there grow Beans of an unusual bigness, besides Rice, Cardamoms, or Grains of Paradise, and Barley.

1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Mileguetta, Cardamoms, Grains.

1749 R. Thicknesse tr. E. F. Geoffroy Treat. Foreign Veg. x. 191 We shall perhaps find nothing in the whole Materia Medica which is the subject of more Dispute than Cardamom.

1800 R. Southey Cool Refl. in Ann. Anthol. 2 30 Give Boreas the wind-cholic, till he roars For cardimum.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. Introd. 11 Pepper and cardamums grow in abundance on the western coast.

1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 151 Cardamoms are shipped to this country from Ceylon.

1971 Gourmet Feb. 3/1 Chili peppers, garlic, cumin, mustard seed, fenugreek, coriander, cardamom, cloves, turmeric, and peppercorns are used in varying combinations to make masalas.

1995 New Yorker 7 Aug. 69/2 Half of it I would use for the prawn, adding coconut milk, and the rest for the dal, to which I added tomatoes and some crushed cardamoms.

2006 Fair Comment (Fairtrade Foundation) Spring 7/1 Fourteen new Fairtrade certified spices..including..Ground and Whole Cardamom, Cinnamon Quills, Ground Cinnamon, [etc.].

b. With distinguishing word. The seed capsules or seeds of any of several species of the Asian genus Amomum and the African genus Aframomum (family Zingiberaceae), used esp. as spices.

ΚΠ

1755 R. Goade Boerhaave's Materia Medica 22 The round Cardamom described by some of the botanical writers being a distinct Thing.

1814 W. Roxburgh Hortus Bengalensis 7 Bengal, or Morung Cardamum.

1843 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. & Trans. 2 444 Some very fine examples of the Madagascar cardamom (Cardamomum majus, Cordus) are contained in Dr. Burgess's collection.

1859 W. J. Hooker in J. F. W. Herschel Man. Sci. Enq. (Lords Commissioners Admiralty) (ed. 3) 426 Nothing is known of the origin of the scitamineous fruit to which the name Large Round China Cardamom has been given.

1912 W. Tibbles Foods 761 There are other varieties than the official form described above——e.g...the Java cardamom (A. maximum), which has only a feeble aromatic taste and smell; the Madagascar cardamom (A. angustifolium).

2008 V. A. Parthasarathy et al. Chem. of Spices iv. 59/2 Large cardamom is also known as ‘black cardamom’.

Compounds

General use as a modifier.

ΚΠ

1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden 250 A dram of Cardamome-Seed, drunk in Wine, with as much Bark of Laurel, breaketh the Stone.

1769 W. Buchan Domest. Med. ii. 217 Powdered cardamum seeds.

1811 Trans. Linn. Soc. 10 246 I..was much gratified and interested by finding great abundance of the Cardamom plant growing luxuriantly.

1883 Athenæum 21 July 75/1 Cardamom gardens in Coorg.

1990 Country Homes June 122/4 Basmati rice, cooked with two or three whole cardamom pods, is an ideal accompaniment.

2008 V. A. Parthasarathy et al. Chem. of Spices iii. 52/1 Cardamom essential oil traditionally has been used a tonic to the digestive system.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	cardamom
释义	cardamomn. Brit. /ˈkɑːdəməm/, U.S. /ˈkɑrdəməm/, /ˈkɑrdəˌmɑm/ Forms: α. Middle English– cardamum, Middle English 1600s– cardimum, Middle English–1700s cardamome, 1600s cardumome, 1600s– cardamom. β. 1500s– cardamon, 1500s–1600s cardamone, 1600s– cardemon. γ. 1600s cardamonie, 1600s cardamony. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin cardamōmum. Etymology: < classical Latin cardamōmum < Hellenistic Greek καρδάμωμον cardamum < ancient Greek κάρδαμον (classical Latin cardamum) cress, of unknown origin (perhaps a loanword) + ἄμωμον amomum n., with haplology. Parallels in other European languages. Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French cardamome (c1170 in Old French as cardemome ), Catalan cardamom (2nd half of the 13th cent.), Spanish cardamomo (mid 13th cent. or earlier), Portuguese cardamomo (early 16th cent.), Italian cardamomo (2nd half of the 13th cent.), and also Middle High German kardamōm , kardamuome (13th cent.; German Kardamom ). Earlier evidence for the Latin word in an English context. Compare the following earlier example of post-classical Latin cardimomum , variant of cardamomum , in an English context: ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xxxiii. 930 Cardimomum is double, lasse and more... Þe firste is cleped þe bettre..and helpeþ þerfore aȝens þe cardiac passioun and aȝein wlatnesse and indignacioun of þe stomak. Notes on forms. The β. forms show dissimilation of nasals in the final syllable. The γ. forms show remodelling of the ending, perhaps after the names of other plants and substances used as medicinal agents, as e.g. agrimony n., antimony n. Compare also Italian †cardemoniy (c1300), variant of cardamomo (see above). a. The aromatic seed capsules or seeds (whole or ground) of the South Asian herbaceous plant Elettaria cardamomum (family Zingiberaceae), used as a spice and as a medicinal agent; (also) the plant itself; (as a count noun) a seed capsule or a plant of this species. In early use also: the seed capsules or seeds of any of several other plants of the family Zingiberaceae (now only with distinguishing word; cf. sense b).green cardamom: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > cardamom cardamom?c1425 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific seeds linseedc1000 lupinesa1398 nigellaa1398 cardamom?c1425 line1540 semendacy1714 ispaghul1810 ergot1860 Physostigma1864 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for indigestion > plant-derived cardamom?c1425 sweet nasturtium1712 hydrastis1861 papain1880 ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 631 Take..of greynes, of cardamome [L. cardamomi], of longe piper. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Bvj^v There begin spyces to be found, as ginger..Cardamome [L. cardamomum], Cassia. 1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 122 Cardamom, or Graines of Paradise, are good to be drunke against the falling sicknesse. 1655 Perfect Diurnall No. 282. 4340 We had news of the arival of the Ship Welcome from the Indias, whose Cargaison is as followeth, 80 Bales of Cotton yarn, 300 Bales of Sugar.., 66 Bales of Cardamum. 1670 J. Ogilby Africa 344 About Cape Verde there grow Beans of an unusual bigness, besides Rice, Cardamoms, or Grains of Paradise, and Barley. 1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Mileguetta, Cardamoms, Grains. 1749 R. Thicknesse tr. E. F. Geoffroy Treat. Foreign Veg. x. 191 We shall perhaps find nothing in the whole Materia Medica which is the subject of more Dispute than Cardamom. 1800 R. Southey Cool Refl. in Ann. Anthol. 2 30 Give Boreas the wind-cholic, till he roars For cardimum. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. Introd. 11 Pepper and cardamums grow in abundance on the western coast. 1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 151 Cardamoms are shipped to this country from Ceylon. 1971 Gourmet Feb. 3/1 Chili peppers, garlic, cumin, mustard seed, fenugreek, coriander, cardamom, cloves, turmeric, and peppercorns are used in varying combinations to make masalas. 1995 New Yorker 7 Aug. 69/2 Half of it I would use for the prawn, adding coconut milk, and the rest for the dal, to which I added tomatoes and some crushed cardamoms. 2006 Fair Comment (Fairtrade Foundation) Spring 7/1 Fourteen new Fairtrade certified spices..including..Ground and Whole Cardamom, Cinnamon Quills, Ground Cinnamon, [etc.]. b. With distinguishing word. The seed capsules or seeds of any of several species of the Asian genus Amomum and the African genus Aframomum (family Zingiberaceae), used esp. as spices. ΚΠ 1755 R. Goade Boerhaave's Materia Medica 22 The round Cardamom described by some of the botanical writers being a distinct Thing. 1814 W. Roxburgh Hortus Bengalensis 7 Bengal, or Morung Cardamum. 1843 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. & Trans. 2 444 Some very fine examples of the Madagascar cardamom (Cardamomum majus, Cordus) are contained in Dr. Burgess's collection. 1859 W. J. Hooker in J. F. W. Herschel Man. Sci. Enq. (Lords Commissioners Admiralty) (ed. 3) 426 Nothing is known of the origin of the scitamineous fruit to which the name Large Round China Cardamom has been given. 1912 W. Tibbles Foods 761 There are other varieties than the official form described above——e.g...the Java cardamom (A. maximum), which has only a feeble aromatic taste and smell; the Madagascar cardamom (A. angustifolium). 2008 V. A. Parthasarathy et al. Chem. of Spices iv. 59/2 Large cardamom is also known as ‘black cardamom’. Compounds General use as a modifier. ΚΠ 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden 250 A dram of Cardamome-Seed, drunk in Wine, with as much Bark of Laurel, breaketh the Stone. 1769 W. Buchan Domest. Med. ii. 217 Powdered cardamum seeds. 1811 Trans. Linn. Soc. 10 246 I..was much gratified and interested by finding great abundance of the Cardamom plant growing luxuriantly. 1883 Athenæum 21 July 75/1 Cardamom gardens in Coorg. 1990 Country Homes June 122/4 Basmati rice, cooked with two or three whole cardamom pods, is an ideal accompaniment. 2008 V. A. Parthasarathy et al. Chem. of Spices iii. 52/1 Cardamom essential oil traditionally has been used a tonic to the digestive system. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?c1425
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