capillaryadj.n.

/ˈkapɪləri/

/kəˈpɪləri/

Etymology: < Latin capillāris: see capillar adj. and -ary suffix².

A. adj.

1. Of, pertaining to, consisting of, or concerned with hair.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > [adjective]

ruggedc1330

hairedc1380

hairya1400

hairish1570

valanced1603

capillary1656

crinal1656

crinose1727

hirsute1823

piliform1826

capilliform1835

trichoid1867

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Capillary, of or like hair.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxvi. 326 Another, remarkable for a dirty person, of well used-up capillary surface.

1863 Possibilities of Creat. 182 [A whisker] shooting its capillary herbage in a curving direction across the cheek.

1885 Truth 11 June 932/1 It is as good for the dentists as for the capillary artists.

2. Hair-like; resembling a hair in tenuity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > slenderness > [adjective] > like a hair

capillar1638

hair-like1656

capillary1664

capillarious1750

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 37 All diaper'd or branched over with pure white capillary little veins.

1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit ii, in Tale of Tub 304 Certain capillary Nerves.

1742 H. Baker Microscope made Easy ii. v. 86 This Dunghill-Water abounds..with a sort of capillary Eels, that are extreamly active.

1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. 261 Capillary virgin silver.

1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) ii. 182 Lesser Helosciad, submerged leaves, with capillary segments.

3. Having a very minute or hair-like internal diameter; as a capillary tube or capillary vessel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > of hollow cylindrical form > minute

capillar1617

capillary1664

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. ii. 142 Take a small Capillary Glass-pipe, or Tube, open at both ends.

1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 297 Rain-water..meeting with capillary veins (as I may call them) or small pores [in the rocks].

1742 H. Baker Microscope made Easy ii. x. 132 The Blood..in the minute Capillary Veins and Arteries.

1812 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. I. 182 The water between the two narrow plates of glass rises only to half the height it does in a capillary tube.

1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §16 A tube of glass..which has a capillary bore.

a. Of, pertaining to, or taking place in, capillary vessels or capillaries. For capillary attraction n. at attraction n. Phrases, repulsion n., see those words.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > capillary > [adjective]

capillary1809

intracapillary1880

pericapillary1928

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > fluid mechanics > [adjective] > relating to capillary attraction

capillary1809

1809 (title) An Examination of M. La Place's Theory of Capillary Action.

1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics iv. 30 A drop of the fluid..will be retained by the force of capillary attraction.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 77/2 The capillary system..becomes infinitely less extended.

b. (See quot. 1962.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > [adjective] > seeping

capillary1895

seeping1927

1895 F. H. King Soil v. 176 The slower rise of capillary water in a dry soil.

1929 J. E. Weaver & F. E. Clements Plant Ecol. ix. 182 The water-retaining capacity..includes the hygroscopic water as well as the much larger quantity that the soil holds besides, commonly called capillary water.

1932 G. D. Fuller & H. S. Conard tr. J. Braun-Blanquet Plant Sociol. vii. 212 The capillary water of the soil forms a thin, coherent water film around each solid particle.

1962 H. Hanson Dict. Ecol. 66 Capillary water, the portion of soil water which is held by cohesion as a continuous film around particles and in spaces; most of it is available to plants.

†5. See quots. Obsolete. (Cf. B. 3.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [adjective] > having a stem or stalk > having no stem or stalk

capillar1601

acaulose1687

stalkless1698

capillary1726

capillaceous1731

acaulous1753

stemless1796

acaulescent1822

acauline1835

unstalked1875

1726 Quincy's Lexicon Physico-medicum (ed. 3) 66/1 Capillary, or Capillacious Plants, are such as have no main Stalk or Stem, but grow to the Ground, as Hairs on the Head; and which bear their Seed in little Tufts or Protuberances on the Back-side of their Leaves.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Capillary plants amount to much the same with what are denominated acaulose plants.

B. n.

†1. Anything resembling a hair or collection of hairs. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > slenderness > [noun] > that which is slender > like (a) hair(s)

capillary1697

1697 J. Evelyn Numismata vi. 214 As it were Capillaries, hairy Lines and tender Rays.

2. A capillary vessel. Cf. A. 3 esp. One of a number of extremely minute blood vessels, in which the arterial circulation ends, and the venous begins.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > capillary > [noun]

capillation1646

capillary1667

trichangia1857

1667 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 511 The capillary's of the Arteries, and Veins.

1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §56 Mercury..may justly be suspected of hurting the fine capillaries.

1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. II. xxi. 470 Secreted by the fine capillaries..in the bodies of plants and animals.

1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. x. 406 Minute tubes, capillaries, which convey the blood to the tissues.

†3. Botany.

a. A name given apparently at first to the Maidenhair Fern, Adiantum capillus Veneris (in ancient Latin Capillus Veneris and herba capillaris), and thence to other ferns or allied plants.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > maidenhair fern

waterwortOE

maidenhairc1300

adianthus1526

maidenweed1526

adiantum1548

coliander1548

polytrichon1550

Venus' hair1551

well-fern1565

Our Lady's hair1597

capillary1646

maidenhair fern1833

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. lxviii. 409 Apuleius calleth it Capillus Veneris, Capillaris, and Crinita.]

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 351 Some kinde of the capillaries, which are very small plants and only grow upon wals and stony places.

a1705 J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (1713) ii. iv. 191 The Leaves of Ferns, and other Capillaries.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Antients thought that the Capillaries were all without Seed.

†b. Any stemless or acaulous plant. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [noun] > plant that has or does not have stem

capillary1664

axophyte1857

1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 75 in Sylva All Fibrous Plants..Also the Capillaries; Matricaria, Violets, Prim-roses.

1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 178 Violets, Auricula's, Primroses, and other Capillaries, planted in beds or bordures.

Compounds

capillary filter n. a filter in the form of a strip or thread of porous material, through which liquid is drawn by capillary action and collected in a separate vessel, thus freeing it from any suspended impurities; = filter n. 2a.

ΚΠ

1864 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 25 Mar. 310/1 Patents... Grants of provisional protection... Capillary filter, endless spouting.

1897 Amer. Machinist 20 585/3 The capillary filter has certain advantages over all other types. It is impossible to rush the operation, and destruction of the wick does not result in a deluge of dirty oil into the clean oil reservoir.

1968 Daily Independent (Kannapolis, N. Carolina) 4 Dec. 4 b/1 A Capillary Filter... Roll the cloth into a roll, and place it in the water so that its end is in the water and the other end hangs down into the glass. The water will slowly pass through the cloth into the lower glass and will be almost clear.

2013 U.S. Patent 55,794 3/2 The capillary filters..are prebuilt and configured to filter out the first desired substance.

capillary pyrites n. [coined in J. G. Schmeisser Syst. Mineral II. 133] = millerite n.²

Derivatives

capiˈllarian adj. Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1825 C. Lamb Let. 19 Aug. (1935) III. 21 I call all good Christians the Church, Capillarians and all.

† caˈpillariness n. Obsolete = capillarity n.

ΚΠ

1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Capillariness, the state of being capillary. [Also in mod. Dicts.]

† capiˈllarious adj. Obsolete = capillary adj. and n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > slenderness > [adjective] > like a hair

capillar1638

hair-like1656

capillary1664

capillarious1750

1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados 252 Its..capillarious, fringy branches are divided into..smaller ones.

Draft additions June 2017

capillary action n. the action or process by which a liquid within a narrow void in a solid (as a capillary tube or a porous material) moves or changes level as a result of the interaction of the liquid molecules with each other and with those of the enclosing solid; (also) the rise or fall of liquid caused by this process; cf. capillarity n.The direction of the movement or change in level depends on the relative attraction of the molecules of the liquid for each other and for those of the solid.

ΚΠ

1802 J. Leslie in Philos. Mag. 195 In attempting to explain the mode of capillary action, the chief difficulty seems to arise from the prejudice that a vertical attraction is necessary to account for the elevation of liquor in the tube.

1841 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Gen. & Compar. Physiol. (ed. 2) v. 231 The capillary action of the wick in a candle maintains a constant supply of wax to the flame by which it is consumed.

1928 S. C. Herold Analyt. Princ. Production Oil, Gas, & Water iii. 40 One of the interesting phenomena due to surface tension largely, though not exclusively, is that of capillary action.

1989 M. Spufford Celebration iii. 41 Felt-tip pens work by capillary action, so I could write upside-down.

2003 New Scientist 25 Jan. 20/2 As ice forms on the surface, water is sucked up from the underlying soil by capillary action.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	capillary
释义	capillaryadj.n. /ˈkapɪləri//kəˈpɪləri/ Etymology: < Latin capillāris: see capillar adj. and -ary suffix². A. adj. 1. Of, pertaining to, consisting of, or concerned with hair. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > [adjective] ruggedc1330 hairedc1380 hairya1400 hairish1570 valanced1603 capillary1656 crinal1656 crinose1727 hirsute1823 piliform1826 capilliform1835 trichoid1867 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Capillary, of or like hair. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxvi. 326 Another, remarkable for a dirty person, of well used-up capillary surface. 1863 Possibilities of Creat. 182 [A whisker] shooting its capillary herbage in a curving direction across the cheek. 1885 Truth 11 June 932/1 It is as good for the dentists as for the capillary artists. 2. Hair-like; resembling a hair in tenuity. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > slenderness > [adjective] > like a hair capillar1638 hair-like1656 capillary1664 capillarious1750 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 37 All diaper'd or branched over with pure white capillary little veins. 1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit ii, in Tale of Tub 304 Certain capillary Nerves. 1742 H. Baker Microscope made Easy ii. v. 86 This Dunghill-Water abounds..with a sort of capillary Eels, that are extreamly active. 1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. 261 Capillary virgin silver. 1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) ii. 182 Lesser Helosciad, submerged leaves, with capillary segments. 3. Having a very minute or hair-like internal diameter; as a capillary tube or capillary vessel. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > of hollow cylindrical form > minute capillar1617 capillary1664 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. ii. 142 Take a small Capillary Glass-pipe, or Tube, open at both ends. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 297 Rain-water..meeting with capillary veins (as I may call them) or small pores [in the rocks]. 1742 H. Baker Microscope made Easy ii. x. 132 The Blood..in the minute Capillary Veins and Arteries. 1812 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. I. 182 The water between the two narrow plates of glass rises only to half the height it does in a capillary tube. 1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §16 A tube of glass..which has a capillary bore. 4. a. Of, pertaining to, or taking place in, capillary vessels or capillaries. For capillary attraction n. at attraction n. Phrases, repulsion n., see those words. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > capillary > [adjective] capillary1809 intracapillary1880 pericapillary1928 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > fluid mechanics > [adjective] > relating to capillary attraction capillary1809 1809 (title) An Examination of M. La Place's Theory of Capillary Action. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics iv. 30 A drop of the fluid..will be retained by the force of capillary attraction. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 77/2 The capillary system..becomes infinitely less extended. b. (See quot. 1962.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > [adjective] > seeping capillary1895 seeping1927 1895 F. H. King Soil v. 176 The slower rise of capillary water in a dry soil. 1929 J. E. Weaver & F. E. Clements Plant Ecol. ix. 182 The water-retaining capacity..includes the hygroscopic water as well as the much larger quantity that the soil holds besides, commonly called capillary water. 1932 G. D. Fuller & H. S. Conard tr. J. Braun-Blanquet Plant Sociol. vii. 212 The capillary water of the soil forms a thin, coherent water film around each solid particle. 1962 H. Hanson Dict. Ecol. 66 Capillary water, the portion of soil water which is held by cohesion as a continuous film around particles and in spaces; most of it is available to plants. †5. See quots. Obsolete. (Cf. B. 3.) ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [adjective] > having a stem or stalk > having no stem or stalk capillar1601 acaulose1687 stalkless1698 capillary1726 capillaceous1731 acaulous1753 stemless1796 acaulescent1822 acauline1835 unstalked1875 1726 Quincy's Lexicon Physico-medicum (ed. 3) 66/1 Capillary, or Capillacious Plants, are such as have no main Stalk or Stem, but grow to the Ground, as Hairs on the Head; and which bear their Seed in little Tufts or Protuberances on the Back-side of their Leaves. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Capillary plants amount to much the same with what are denominated acaulose plants. B. n. †1. Anything resembling a hair or collection of hairs. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > slenderness > [noun] > that which is slender > like (a) hair(s) capillary1697 1697 J. Evelyn Numismata vi. 214 As it were Capillaries, hairy Lines and tender Rays. 2. A capillary vessel. Cf. A. 3 esp. One of a number of extremely minute blood vessels, in which the arterial circulation ends, and the venous begins. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > capillary > [noun] capillation1646 capillary1667 trichangia1857 1667 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 511 The capillary's of the Arteries, and Veins. 1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §56 Mercury..may justly be suspected of hurting the fine capillaries. 1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. II. xxi. 470 Secreted by the fine capillaries..in the bodies of plants and animals. 1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. x. 406 Minute tubes, capillaries, which convey the blood to the tissues. †3. Botany. a. A name given apparently at first to the Maidenhair Fern, Adiantum capillus Veneris (in ancient Latin Capillus Veneris and herba capillaris), and thence to other ferns or allied plants. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > maidenhair fern waterwortOE maidenhairc1300 adianthus1526 maidenweed1526 adiantum1548 coliander1548 polytrichon1550 Venus' hair1551 well-fern1565 Our Lady's hair1597 capillary1646 maidenhair fern1833 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. lxviii. 409 Apuleius calleth it Capillus Veneris, Capillaris, and Crinita.] 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 351 Some kinde of the capillaries, which are very small plants and only grow upon wals and stony places. View more context for this quotation a1705 J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (1713) ii. iv. 191 The Leaves of Ferns, and other Capillaries. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Antients thought that the Capillaries were all without Seed. †b. Any stemless or acaulous plant. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [noun] > plant that has or does not have stem capillary1664 axophyte1857 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 75 in Sylva All Fibrous Plants..Also the Capillaries; Matricaria, Violets, Prim-roses. 1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 178 Violets, Auricula's, Primroses, and other Capillaries, planted in beds or bordures. Compounds capillary filter n. a filter in the form of a strip or thread of porous material, through which liquid is drawn by capillary action and collected in a separate vessel, thus freeing it from any suspended impurities; = filter n. 2a. ΚΠ 1864 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 25 Mar. 310/1 Patents... Grants of provisional protection... Capillary filter, endless spouting. 1897 Amer. Machinist 20 585/3 The capillary filter has certain advantages over all other types. It is impossible to rush the operation, and destruction of the wick does not result in a deluge of dirty oil into the clean oil reservoir. 1968 Daily Independent (Kannapolis, N. Carolina) 4 Dec. 4 b/1 A Capillary Filter... Roll the cloth into a roll, and place it in the water so that its end is in the water and the other end hangs down into the glass. The water will slowly pass through the cloth into the lower glass and will be almost clear. 2013 U.S. Patent 55,794 3/2 The capillary filters..are prebuilt and configured to filter out the first desired substance. capillary pyrites n. [coined in J. G. Schmeisser Syst. Mineral II. 133] = millerite n.² Derivatives capiˈllarian adj. Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1825 C. Lamb Let. 19 Aug. (1935) III. 21 I call all good Christians the Church, Capillarians and all. † caˈpillariness n. Obsolete = capillarity n. ΚΠ 1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Capillariness, the state of being capillary. [Also in mod. Dicts.] † capiˈllarious adj. Obsolete = capillary adj. and n. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > slenderness > [adjective] > like a hair capillar1638 hair-like1656 capillary1664 capillarious1750 1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados 252 Its..capillarious, fringy branches are divided into..smaller ones. Draft additions June 2017 capillary action n. the action or process by which a liquid within a narrow void in a solid (as a capillary tube or a porous material) moves or changes level as a result of the interaction of the liquid molecules with each other and with those of the enclosing solid; (also) the rise or fall of liquid caused by this process; cf. capillarity n.The direction of the movement or change in level depends on the relative attraction of the molecules of the liquid for each other and for those of the solid. ΚΠ 1802 J. Leslie in Philos. Mag. 195 In attempting to explain the mode of capillary action, the chief difficulty seems to arise from the prejudice that a vertical attraction is necessary to account for the elevation of liquor in the tube. 1841 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Gen. & Compar. Physiol. (ed. 2) v. 231 The capillary action of the wick in a candle maintains a constant supply of wax to the flame by which it is consumed. 1928 S. C. Herold Analyt. Princ. Production Oil, Gas, & Water iii. 40 One of the interesting phenomena due to surface tension largely, though not exclusively, is that of capillary action. 1989 M. Spufford Celebration iii. 41 Felt-tip pens work by capillary action, so I could write upside-down. 2003 New Scientist 25 Jan. 20/2 As ice forms on the surface, water is sucked up from the underlying soil by capillary action. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1646
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