† wrayv.¹

Forms: α. Old English wrœgan, wregan, Middle English wreigen, Middle English wreȝen, wreiȝen ( Orm. wreȝ(h)enn); Middle English uureien, Middle English wreien, Middle English wreyen, Middle English wreyyn; Middle English wreiȝe, Middle English wreie, Middle English wreye, Middle English wreȝe (Middle English wreythe), wregh(e, Middle English wreȝ, wrei, Middle English–1500s wrey; Middle English wroie, wroye, Middle English wraie, Middle English–1500s wray (1500s Scottish vray). β. Middle English wryghe, Middle English wrigh, Middle English wryen, wrye, Middle English–1500s wrie, Middle English–1500s wry. γ. Middle English Scottish wre, 1700s northern dialect wree.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English wrœ́gan, wrégan, = Old Frisian wrôgia, wrêia (West Frisian wroegje, East Frisian wrögje, wrög, North Frisian wröge), Middle Dutch wroeghen (Dutch wroegen), Old Saxon wrögjan (Middle Low German wrogen, wrugen, rogen, Low German wrogen, wragen, wrögen, rögen), Old High German ruogen (Middle High German rüegen, German rügen), Old Norse rœ́gja (Icelandic rægja; Norwegian røgja, Swedish röja), < the stem wrōg- (Old Norse róg slander, strife), with a variant wrōh- which appears in Gothic wrôhs accusation, wrôhjan to accuse; cf. also Old English wrōht accusation, slander, fault, offence, strife, cause of complaint, injury, hurt.By normal dialectal developments, three main forms of the stem appear in Middle English, viz. wrey or wray, wry, and northern wrē.

Obsolete.

a. To accuse, denounce, or inform on (a person); to expose (one) by revealing or divulging information, etc., to one's harm, prejudice, or discredit; to charge with a crime, offence, fault, etc.; = bewray v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (intransitive)]

wrayc725

mean?c1225

accusec1384

surmise1528

incuse1570

object1611

appeacha1616

aggravate1672

finger-point1959

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (reflexive)]

wrayc725

complainc1449

reproach1643

recriminate1812

society > communication > information > informing on or against > inform on or against [verb (transitive)]

wrayc725

meldeOE

bimeldena1300

forgabc1394

to blow up?a1400

outsay?a1400

detectc1449

denounce1485

ascry1523

inform1526

promote1550

peach1570

blow1575

impeach1617

wheedle1710

split1795

snitch1801

cheep1831

squeal1846

to put away1858

spot1864

report1869

squawk1872

nose1875

finger1877

ruck1884

to turn over1890

to gag on1891

shop1895

pool1907

run1909

peep1911

pot1911

copper1923

finger1929

rat1932

to blow the whistle on1934

grass1936

rat1969

to put in1975

turn1977

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)]

wrayc725

forwrayOE

beclepec1030

challenge?c1225

indict1303

appeachc1315

aditea1325

appeal1366

impeachc1380

reprovea1382

arraigna1400

calla1400

raign?a1425

to put upa1438

present?a1439

ditec1440

detectc1449

articlec1450

billc1450

peach1465

attach1480

denounce1485

aret1487

accusea1500

filea1500

delate1515

crimea1550

panel1560

articulate1563

prosecute1579

impleada1600

to have up1605

reprosecute1622

tainta1625

criminatea1646

affect1726

to pull up1799

rap1904

run1909

c725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) D 74 Defferuntur, meldadun uel wroegdum.

a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 10 Dec. 216 Ic cume eft on domes dæg ond þe þonne wrege beforan Crystes þrymsetle.

c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints ii. 184 Færde þa ardlice..to þam heah-geræfan..and begann hi to wrægenne.

a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1069 Her man wrægde ðone biscop Ægelric on Burh, & sense hine to West mynstre.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 29 Ne mei þe deofel þe wreien on þan oðre liue.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2889 He [sc. Joseph] wass ædmod. & milde. I þatt tatt he ne wollde nohht Vnnshaþiȝ wimmann wreȝhenn.

c1275 Passion of our Lord 84 in Old Eng. Misc. 39 Þe maystres of þe temple..For to vndernyme vre louerd..were euer abute..Þet heo hynemyhte wreye and don of lyf-daye.

c1330 Amis & Amil. 1090 Than told Sir Amis al that cas..And hou the steward gan hem wrain.

13.. Gosp. Nicodemus (Galba) 204 Pilat..seþin to þe iewes..sayd: ‘Ȝe wrigh him wrangwisly’.

c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 2859 Sho hyr talde..How wikkedly that sho was wreghed, And how that traytyrs on hir leghed.

c1450 Northern Passion (MS. Ad.) 609 Þe Iewes..ledde hym..vn to..cayphase And by fore hyme þay gune hym wrye.

1480 W. Caxton Trevisa's Higden (1482) 167 b Cithero..borwede of one scilla, but he was wryed er þe bargayne was made.

reflexive.c1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. D) ann. 1076 Walþeof eorl ferde ofer sæ & wreide hine sylfne & bæd forgyfenysse.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 27 Ȝif þu wreiest þe seolfen to þine scrifte.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 224 Mon schal wreiȝen him ischrift.a1300 Cursor Mundi 26706 Qua wil noght him~seluen wrei..nu ar he dei.c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) l. 16466 Tho hym rewid of his rese and went hym-self to wry [a1400 Vesp. wrei, Gött. wri, Trin. Cambr. wreȝe].figurative.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 227 Þochtes mungunge. wreiȝe him & bi cleopie him of misliche sunnen.a1400 in Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 741 In bremful bale he schal hit by, When concience his werk schal wrye.

b. Const. to (another), of (a thing).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (reflexive)] > confess

wraya900

a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 8 Nov. 202 Þa wregdon þa oðre cræftigan hy to þam casere.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 14 Ic nanne intingan findan ne mæg on þisum men of þam þe ge hine wregað.

c1132 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1132 Þa com Henri abbot & uureide þe muneces of Burch to þe king.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 76 He was sone iwreied to ðe kinge salomon.

c1308 Pol. Songs (Camden) 200 Ic am i-wreiid, Sire, to the, For that ilk gilt.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 3303 Here wil we no longer duelle: To þemperour y-wraid we beþ.

c1400 Pepysian Gosp. Harmony 95 Þe Jewes euerichon bigonnen hyn to wryen of many þinges.

c1450 Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 134 Antipater..was wryed to the Emperoure Julian.

figurative.a1200 Vices & Virtues 141 Ȝif ure hierte..us ne undernemeð naht ne ne wreihð of nane senne.reflexive.a1300 Cursor Mundi 26668 Þat þou..wrei þi-self and oþer noght O þi wicked werkes wroght.

2. To declare or assert (something about another) by way of accusation or denunciation; to bring forward as a charge.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)] > bring (a charge or accusation) > bring as a charge

wraya900

surmisec1460

aggravate1541

indicta1670

charge1785

a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 25 Aug. 152 Þa foron þa hæðnan bisceopas ond þæt wregdon to þæs kyninges breðer.

c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 478 Þæt folc wrehton his modignysse to ðam casere.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 416 Þatt fand mann nan þing upp onn hemm To wreȝenn. ne to tælenn.

c1350 Northern Passion (1916) II. 128 Somme..folwede [Jesus] þinges to here; Wat þey miȝte on him leye To þe Iuws vorto wrey.

3. To reveal or disclose (something secret) perfidiously or prejudicially; to divulge with breach of trust; to betray; = bewray v. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > secrets > prejudicially

wraya1300

bewrayc1386

descrya1400

blab1594

betray1598

sell1831

peach1852

a1300 Cursor Mundi 26690 Þat þou sa wrei aun dede, Þat na soigne be for þe lede.

c1330 Arth. & Merl. 3656 Non com oȝain..To wray þe kinges parlement.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. VI. 281 But his counsaile was i-wried, and he was..i-closed in an abbay.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. lxxxiii. (Tollem. MS.) Quyrin..; þis ston wryeþ and discouereþ in slep counsel and priuite.

c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 3546 Priamus has..spies That ȝoure consayl to him wries.

c1465 Eng. Chron. (Camden) 21 As sone as the said lordez wiste that thair counselle was discovered and wraid, they fledde.

1563 W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Hastings xlvii Alas, are counsels wryed to catch the goode?

1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas 128 Cut out my tong,..Least I should wraye this bloudy deede of his.

a. gen. To reveal, disclose, or divulge (some fact, etc.); to declare, communicate, or make known; = bewray v. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)]

unwryc825

unhelec1000

to draw forthc1175

unhillc1200

to bring forth?c1225

unsteekc1250

let witc1275

uncovera1300

wraya1300

knowc1300

barea1325

shrivec1374

unwrapc1374

again-covera1382

nakena1382

outc1390

tellc1390

disclosea1393

cough1393

unhidea1400

unclosec1400

unhaspc1400

bewrayc1405

reveal1409

accusea1413

reveil1424

unlocka1425

unrekec1425

disclude?1440

uncurec1440

utter1444

detect1447

break1463

expose1483

divinec1500

revelate1514

to bring (also put) to light1526

decipher1529

rake1547

rip1549

unshadow1550

to lay to sight1563

uppen1565

unlace1567

unvisor?1571

resign1572

uncloak1574

disshroud1577

spill1577

reap1578

unrip1579

scour1585

unharboura1586

unmask1586

uncase1587

descrya1591

unclasp?1592

unrive1592

discover1594

unburden1594

untomb1594

unhusk1596

dismask1598

to open upc1600

untruss1600

divulge1602

unshale1606

unbrace1607

unveil1609

rave1610

disveil1611

unface1611

unsecret1612

unvizard1620

to open up1624

uncurtain1628

unscreen1628

unbare1630

disenvelop1632

unclothe1632

to lay forth1633

unshroud1633

unmuffle1637

midwife1638

dissecret1640

unseal1640

unmantle1643

to fetch out1644

undisguise1655

disvelop1658

decorticate1660

clash1667

exert1692

disinter1711

to up with1715

unbundlea1739

develop1741

disembosom1745

to open out1814

to let out1833

unsack1846

uncrown1849

to bring (out) in (also into) the open1861

unfrock1866

disbosom1868

to blow the lid off1928

flush1950

surface1955

to take or pull the wraps off1964

society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known (something) [verb (transitive)]

speakc825

areadc885

meldeOE

sayOE

yknowa1225

warnc1275

bekena1300

wraya1300

signifyc1325

declarec1340

to speak outc1384

discuss1389

notifyc1390

bida1400

advertise1447

notice1447

detectc1465

render1481

minister1536

to set outa1540

summonc1540

intimate1548

acquaint1609

phrase1614

voice1629

denote1660

unlade1717

apprise1817

aira1902

a1300 Floriz & Bl. (Cambr.) 533 Hele ihc wulle, and noþing wreie, Ower beire cumpaignie.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 236 In his songes som what wolde he wreye His wo as in a general compleynyng.

c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 1446 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 338 Ilke ȝere solempnyt fest..þai mad, [one] þat day scho deyt, fra þat he hyre lyf had wreyt.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. iii. 5 The deid is auld for to beleif or wry, Bot the memor remanis perpetually.

1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. G.iiii^v Your sighes yow fet from farre, And all to wry your wo.

1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 136^v Then gan hee wrie his former loue, And all his flame vnfolde.

in extended use.c1374 G. Chaucer Compl. Mars 91 Alas I dye; the torche is come that al this world wol wrie.1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS) x. v Leye bischineþ derke þinges, and wryeþ þinges þat ben hidde, and makeþ hem knowe.

b. Const. with clause. rare.

ΚΠ

1575 G. Gascoigne Poesies in Wks. (1907) I. 23 In thundring verse he wrayes, where highest mindes be thrall.

a. To reveal or make known the presence of (a person); to expose; = bewray v. 5.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > the presence or identity of

wrayc1290

discoverc1330

unmask1582

c1290 Beket 1214 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 141 With him a-morewe he nam His oste, þat he ne scholde him wreiȝe forto he aftur weie cam.

a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 1675 And for þai scholde him nouȝt wrain, Vnder his hond he made him pai.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1706 Þay sued hym fast, Wreȝande h[ym] ful [w]eterly with a wroth noyse.

c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 18341 To an..old tour..He hyed hem with mechel hast For drede lest thei were y-wraied.

b. To put (a person) in the power of an enemy or opponent by disloyalty or treachery; to betray.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > betrayal > betray [verb (transitive)]

sellc950

forredea1000

belewec1000

trechec1230

betrayc1275

trayc1275

wrayc1275

traise1320

trechetc1330

betradec1375

betraisec1386

bewray1535

betrantc1540

boil1602

reveal1640

peacha1689

bridge1819

to go back on (also upon)1859

to sell (a person) down the river1921

c1275 XI Pains of Hell 111 in Old Eng. Misc. 150 He..þat wreyeþ his sibbe oþer him fled Abuuen his eyen þe flod geþ.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. V. 117 He was i-wreyed by þe same douȝter Fausta..and fliȝ to Marcil.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. V. 157 Þere he was i-wreyed wiþ [= by] a wenche.

c. To expose (a person) by revealing some hidden fact or private matter.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > secrets > prejudicially > a person

bewrayc1300

wrayc1340

c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 5460–2 Als stolne thyng wreghes a thefe funden, When it es obout his neke..bounden, Right swa þair syns sal wreghe þam þar.

c1400 T. Chestre Launfal 147 Thane seyde syr Launfal.., Tell ye no man of my poverte... The knyghtes answerede and seyde tho, That they nolde him wreye never mo.

c1400 Rule St. Benet (Prose) 36 Wreȝ hir noht þat te þing es sent to.

a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 62 As a theef wol be gladde there as he ys hidde, and not be wrayed of his thefte.

a1500 Hist. K. Boccus & Sydracke (?1510) sig. G j Yf thou thy frende it sey, And wenyst he shal the not wrey.

6. To reveal, disclose, or discover the true character of; to show or expose the existence or presence of (something desired to be concealed); to betray; = bewray v. 6.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > the true character or identity of

utter1526

wray1576

convince1583

strip1619

dispersonate1624

convict1717

to show up1821

out1990

1576 G. Whetstone Castle of Delight 38 in Rocke of Regard Thou mayst (God wot) thy visard vaile, thy wanton maskes are wrayd.

1576 G. Whetstone Garden of Vnthriftinesse 65 in Rocke of Regard The colours which I wore, my secrete mourning wrayde.

1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Stater iii The werke wrayes the man, seeme he neuer so fine.

7. To expose to view; to exhibit, show.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > show to the sight [verb (transitive)]

to set beforea1000

openOE

showlOE

to put forth?c1225

kithe1297

to make (a) showing ofc1330

presenta1398

representa1398

to lay forthc1420

splayc1440

discovera1450

advisea1500

to set to (the) show?1510

to stall out1547

outlay1555

exhibit1573

strew1579

wray1587

displaya1616

ostentate1630

elevate1637

re-exhibita1648

expound1651

unveil1657

subject1720

flare1862

skin1873

patent1889

showcase1939

1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 92 He wried his wounds, he shewde the shameful blows, He told the trayters treason.

8. intransitive or absol.

a. To denounce or slander a person; to make accusations, cast aspersions.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > utter slander or calumny [verb (intransitive)]

missay?c1225

wrayc1330

malignc1425

slanderc1426

libel1570

deprave1600

calumniate1609

libellizec1620

sycophantize1636

disreport1655

scandalize1745

to sling (also fling, throw) mud1768

calumny1895

foul-mouth1960

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2179 Meriadok wrayeþ ay, To þe king þus seyd he.

1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles ii. 84 Þat no manere mede shulde make him wrye.

14.. Wheatley MS. (1921) 8 First ye gloþered, now ye wrye.

b. To make disclosures or statements.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or make revelations [verb (intransitive)]

cough1393

wrayc1425

to break a secreta1450

to tell allc1450

to bring (also put) to light1526

to let on1725

to open up1884

to come out of the closet1971

to come out1976

society > communication > information > action of informing > give information [verb (intransitive)]

meanOE

telllOE

to make reportc1425

wrayc1425

wrobc1425

lay1488

inform1569

intelligence1616

advertise1764

c1425 Thomas of Erceld. (1875) 2 If j solde sytt to domesdaye, with my tonge, to wrobbe and wrye.

c1440 York Myst. xxi. 25 They askid yf I a prophete ware, And I saide ‘nay’; but sone I wreyede high aperte.

c. northern dialect. (See quot. 1781.)

ΚΠ

1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. To wree against a person, to insinuate to his disadvantage.

Derivatives

wraying n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun]

wrayingc1000

information1387

promotion?1533

talebearing1571

delation1578

sycophancy1622

peachery1654

blowing the gap1821

nosing1827

peaching1859

rounding1862

squeal1872

scream1915

singing1937

snouting1937

dobbing1968

whistle-blowing1971

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > [noun]

wrayingc1000

indictment1303

accusationa1382

information1387

appeaching1401

allegeancea1430

supposal1429

accuse?a1439

appealing1440

ditingc1440

indictingc1440

detection1471

cusing1488

indictament1523

arraigning1533

denouncement1544

arraignment1549

raignment1570

delation1578

denunciation1588

prosecution1590

accusement1596

inditure1614

aggravation1626

arraign1638

delating1820

billing1884

beef1928

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > [noun]

teleeOE

folk-leasinga1000

tolec1000

wrayingc1000

missaw?c1225

slanderc1290

disclanderc1300

famationc1325

noisec1325

skander1338

missaying1340

misspeecha1375

slanderingc1380

biting1382

defaminga1400

filtha1400

missaya1400

obloquya1438

oblocution?a1439

juroryc1440

defamationa1450

defamea1450

forspeaking1483

depravinga1500

defamya1513

injury?1518

depravation1526

maledictiona1530

abusion?1530

blasphemation1533

infamation1533

insectationa1535

calumning1541

calumniation?1549

abuse1559

calumnying1563

calumny1564

belying?1565

illingc1575

scandalizing1575

misparlance?1577

blot1587

libelling1587

scandal1596

traducement1597

injurying1604

deprave1610

vilifying1611

noisec1613

disfame1620

sycophancy1622

aspersion1633

disreport1640

medisance1648

bollocking1653

vilification1653

sugillation1654

blasphemya1656

traduction1656

calumniating1660

blaspheming1677

aspersing1702

blowing1710

infamizing1827

malignation1836

mud-slinging1858

mud-throwing1864

denigration1868

mud-flinging1876

dénigrement1883

malignment1885

injurious falsehood1907

mud-sling1919

bad-mouthing1939

bad mouth1947

trash-talking1974

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) 317 Accusatio, wreging.

?c1225 Ancrene Riwle (Cleo.: Scribe B) (1972) 2 Þe an [riwle] riwleð þe heorte & makeð efne & smeðe wið vte cnoste & dolke of woh inwit & of wreȝinde.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 225 We schule beon cwite of wreiȝinge ed þe Muchele dom.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 150 Þe fifðe [vice] wreiunge.

c1330 King of Tar 739 The ladi bad hire maydens anon, Out of hire chaumbre forte gon, For drede of wriyying sake.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26350 Þat schrife agh selden be wreiand.

a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 27671 Þai will of deme a man with ill, And has bot a wreghing þar-till.

c1425 Eng. Conq. Ireland 102 He beleued þe fals mannys talys & wryynge.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	wray
释义	† wrayv.¹ Forms: α. Old English wrœgan, wregan, Middle English wreigen, Middle English wreȝen, wreiȝen ( Orm. wreȝ(h)enn); Middle English uureien, Middle English wreien, Middle English wreyen, Middle English wreyyn; Middle English wreiȝe, Middle English wreie, Middle English wreye, Middle English wreȝe (Middle English wreythe), wregh(e, Middle English wreȝ, wrei, Middle English–1500s wrey; Middle English wroie, wroye, Middle English wraie, Middle English–1500s wray (1500s Scottish vray). β. Middle English wryghe, Middle English wrigh, Middle English wryen, wrye, Middle English–1500s wrie, Middle English–1500s wry. γ. Middle English Scottish wre, 1700s northern dialect wree. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English wrœ́gan, wrégan, = Old Frisian wrôgia, wrêia (West Frisian wroegje, East Frisian wrögje, wrög, North Frisian wröge), Middle Dutch wroeghen (Dutch wroegen), Old Saxon wrögjan (Middle Low German wrogen, wrugen, rogen, Low German wrogen, wragen, wrögen, rögen), Old High German ruogen (Middle High German rüegen, German rügen), Old Norse rœ́gja (Icelandic rægja; Norwegian røgja, Swedish röja), < the stem wrōg- (Old Norse róg slander, strife), with a variant wrōh- which appears in Gothic wrôhs accusation, wrôhjan to accuse; cf. also Old English wrōht accusation, slander, fault, offence, strife, cause of complaint, injury, hurt.By normal dialectal developments, three main forms of the stem appear in Middle English, viz. wrey or wray, wry, and northern wrē. Obsolete. 1. a. To accuse, denounce, or inform on (a person); to expose (one) by revealing or divulging information, etc., to one's harm, prejudice, or discredit; to charge with a crime, offence, fault, etc.; = bewray v. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (intransitive)] wrayc725 mean?c1225 accusec1384 surmise1528 incuse1570 object1611 appeacha1616 aggravate1672 finger-point1959 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (reflexive)] wrayc725 complainc1449 reproach1643 recriminate1812 society > communication > information > informing on or against > inform on or against [verb (transitive)] wrayc725 meldeOE bimeldena1300 forgabc1394 to blow up?a1400 outsay?a1400 detectc1449 denounce1485 ascry1523 inform1526 promote1550 peach1570 blow1575 impeach1617 wheedle1710 split1795 snitch1801 cheep1831 squeal1846 to put away1858 spot1864 report1869 squawk1872 nose1875 finger1877 ruck1884 to turn over1890 to gag on1891 shop1895 pool1907 run1909 peep1911 pot1911 copper1923 finger1929 rat1932 to blow the whistle on1934 grass1936 rat1969 to put in1975 turn1977 society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)] wrayc725 forwrayOE beclepec1030 challenge?c1225 indict1303 appeachc1315 aditea1325 appeal1366 impeachc1380 reprovea1382 arraigna1400 calla1400 raign?a1425 to put upa1438 present?a1439 ditec1440 detectc1449 articlec1450 billc1450 peach1465 attach1480 denounce1485 aret1487 accusea1500 filea1500 delate1515 crimea1550 panel1560 articulate1563 prosecute1579 impleada1600 to have up1605 reprosecute1622 tainta1625 criminatea1646 affect1726 to pull up1799 rap1904 run1909 c725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) D 74 Defferuntur, meldadun uel wroegdum. a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 10 Dec. 216 Ic cume eft on domes dæg ond þe þonne wrege beforan Crystes þrymsetle. c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints ii. 184 Færde þa ardlice..to þam heah-geræfan..and begann hi to wrægenne. a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1069 Her man wrægde ðone biscop Ægelric on Burh, & sense hine to West mynstre. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 29 Ne mei þe deofel þe wreien on þan oðre liue. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2889 He [sc. Joseph] wass ædmod. & milde. I þatt tatt he ne wollde nohht Vnnshaþiȝ wimmann wreȝhenn. c1275 Passion of our Lord 84 in Old Eng. Misc. 39 Þe maystres of þe temple..For to vndernyme vre louerd..were euer abute..Þet heo hynemyhte wreye and don of lyf-daye. c1330 Amis & Amil. 1090 Than told Sir Amis al that cas..And hou the steward gan hem wrain. 13.. Gosp. Nicodemus (Galba) 204 Pilat..seþin to þe iewes..sayd: ‘Ȝe wrigh him wrangwisly’. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 2859 Sho hyr talde..How wikkedly that sho was wreghed, And how that traytyrs on hir leghed. c1450 Northern Passion (MS. Ad.) 609 Þe Iewes..ledde hym..vn to..cayphase And by fore hyme þay gune hym wrye. 1480 W. Caxton Trevisa's Higden (1482) 167 b Cithero..borwede of one scilla, but he was wryed er þe bargayne was made. reflexive.c1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. D) ann. 1076 Walþeof eorl ferde ofer sæ & wreide hine sylfne & bæd forgyfenysse.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 27 Ȝif þu wreiest þe seolfen to þine scrifte.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 224 Mon schal wreiȝen him ischrift.a1300 Cursor Mundi 26706 Qua wil noght him~seluen wrei..nu ar he dei.c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) l. 16466 Tho hym rewid of his rese and went hym-self to wry [a1400 Vesp. wrei, Gött. wri, Trin. Cambr. wreȝe].figurative.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 227 Þochtes mungunge. wreiȝe him & bi cleopie him of misliche sunnen.a1400 in Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 741 In bremful bale he schal hit by, When concience his werk schal wrye. b. Const. to (another), of (a thing). ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (reflexive)] > confess wraya900 a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 8 Nov. 202 Þa wregdon þa oðre cræftigan hy to þam casere. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 14 Ic nanne intingan findan ne mæg on þisum men of þam þe ge hine wregað. c1132 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1132 Þa com Henri abbot & uureide þe muneces of Burch to þe king. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 76 He was sone iwreied to ðe kinge salomon. c1308 Pol. Songs (Camden) 200 Ic am i-wreiid, Sire, to the, For that ilk gilt. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 3303 Here wil we no longer duelle: To þemperour y-wraid we beþ. c1400 Pepysian Gosp. Harmony 95 Þe Jewes euerichon bigonnen hyn to wryen of many þinges. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 134 Antipater..was wryed to the Emperoure Julian. figurative.a1200 Vices & Virtues 141 Ȝif ure hierte..us ne undernemeð naht ne ne wreihð of nane senne.reflexive.a1300 Cursor Mundi 26668 Þat þou..wrei þi-self and oþer noght O þi wicked werkes wroght. 2. To declare or assert (something about another) by way of accusation or denunciation; to bring forward as a charge. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)] > bring (a charge or accusation) > bring as a charge wraya900 surmisec1460 aggravate1541 indicta1670 charge1785 a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 25 Aug. 152 Þa foron þa hæðnan bisceopas ond þæt wregdon to þæs kyninges breðer. c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 478 Þæt folc wrehton his modignysse to ðam casere. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 416 Þatt fand mann nan þing upp onn hemm To wreȝenn. ne to tælenn. c1350 Northern Passion (1916) II. 128 Somme..folwede [Jesus] þinges to here; Wat þey miȝte on him leye To þe Iuws vorto wrey. 3. To reveal or disclose (something secret) perfidiously or prejudicially; to divulge with breach of trust; to betray; = bewray v. 3. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > secrets > prejudicially wraya1300 bewrayc1386 descrya1400 blab1594 betray1598 sell1831 peach1852 a1300 Cursor Mundi 26690 Þat þou sa wrei aun dede, Þat na soigne be for þe lede. c1330 Arth. & Merl. 3656 Non com oȝain..To wray þe kinges parlement. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. VI. 281 But his counsaile was i-wried, and he was..i-closed in an abbay. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. lxxxiii. (Tollem. MS.) Quyrin..; þis ston wryeþ and discouereþ in slep counsel and priuite. c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 3546 Priamus has..spies That ȝoure consayl to him wries. c1465 Eng. Chron. (Camden) 21 As sone as the said lordez wiste that thair counselle was discovered and wraid, they fledde. 1563 W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Hastings xlvii Alas, are counsels wryed to catch the goode? 1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas 128 Cut out my tong,..Least I should wraye this bloudy deede of his. 4. a. gen. To reveal, disclose, or divulge (some fact, etc.); to declare, communicate, or make known; = bewray v. 4. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] unwryc825 unhelec1000 to draw forthc1175 unhillc1200 to bring forth?c1225 unsteekc1250 let witc1275 uncovera1300 wraya1300 knowc1300 barea1325 shrivec1374 unwrapc1374 again-covera1382 nakena1382 outc1390 tellc1390 disclosea1393 cough1393 unhidea1400 unclosec1400 unhaspc1400 bewrayc1405 reveal1409 accusea1413 reveil1424 unlocka1425 unrekec1425 disclude?1440 uncurec1440 utter1444 detect1447 break1463 expose1483 divinec1500 revelate1514 to bring (also put) to light1526 decipher1529 rake1547 rip1549 unshadow1550 to lay to sight1563 uppen1565 unlace1567 unvisor?1571 resign1572 uncloak1574 disshroud1577 spill1577 reap1578 unrip1579 scour1585 unharboura1586 unmask1586 uncase1587 descrya1591 unclasp?1592 unrive1592 discover1594 unburden1594 untomb1594 unhusk1596 dismask1598 to open upc1600 untruss1600 divulge1602 unshale1606 unbrace1607 unveil1609 rave1610 disveil1611 unface1611 unsecret1612 unvizard1620 to open up1624 uncurtain1628 unscreen1628 unbare1630 disenvelop1632 unclothe1632 to lay forth1633 unshroud1633 unmuffle1637 midwife1638 dissecret1640 unseal1640 unmantle1643 to fetch out1644 undisguise1655 disvelop1658 decorticate1660 clash1667 exert1692 disinter1711 to up with1715 unbundlea1739 develop1741 disembosom1745 to open out1814 to let out1833 unsack1846 uncrown1849 to bring (out) in (also into) the open1861 unfrock1866 disbosom1868 to blow the lid off1928 flush1950 surface1955 to take or pull the wraps off1964 society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known (something) [verb (transitive)] speakc825 areadc885 meldeOE sayOE yknowa1225 warnc1275 bekena1300 wraya1300 signifyc1325 declarec1340 to speak outc1384 discuss1389 notifyc1390 bida1400 advertise1447 notice1447 detectc1465 render1481 minister1536 to set outa1540 summonc1540 intimate1548 acquaint1609 phrase1614 voice1629 denote1660 unlade1717 apprise1817 aira1902 a1300 Floriz & Bl. (Cambr.) 533 Hele ihc wulle, and noþing wreie, Ower beire cumpaignie. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 236 In his songes som what wolde he wreye His wo as in a general compleynyng. c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 1446 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 338 Ilke ȝere solempnyt fest..þai mad, [one] þat day scho deyt, fra þat he hyre lyf had wreyt. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. iii. 5 The deid is auld for to beleif or wry, Bot the memor remanis perpetually. 1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. G.iiii^v Your sighes yow fet from farre, And all to wry your wo. 1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 136^v Then gan hee wrie his former loue, And all his flame vnfolde. in extended use.c1374 G. Chaucer Compl. Mars 91 Alas I dye; the torche is come that al this world wol wrie.1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS) x. v Leye bischineþ derke þinges, and wryeþ þinges þat ben hidde, and makeþ hem knowe. b. Const. with clause. rare. ΚΠ 1575 G. Gascoigne Poesies in Wks. (1907) I. 23 In thundring verse he wrayes, where highest mindes be thrall. 5. a. To reveal or make known the presence of (a person); to expose; = bewray v. 5. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > the presence or identity of wrayc1290 discoverc1330 unmask1582 c1290 Beket 1214 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 141 With him a-morewe he nam His oste, þat he ne scholde him wreiȝe forto he aftur weie cam. a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 1675 And for þai scholde him nouȝt wrain, Vnder his hond he made him pai. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1706 Þay sued hym fast, Wreȝande h[ym] ful [w]eterly with a wroth noyse. c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 18341 To an..old tour..He hyed hem with mechel hast For drede lest thei were y-wraied. b. To put (a person) in the power of an enemy or opponent by disloyalty or treachery; to betray. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > betrayal > betray [verb (transitive)] sellc950 forredea1000 belewec1000 trechec1230 betrayc1275 trayc1275 wrayc1275 traise1320 trechetc1330 betradec1375 betraisec1386 bewray1535 betrantc1540 boil1602 reveal1640 peacha1689 bridge1819 to go back on (also upon)1859 to sell (a person) down the river1921 c1275 XI Pains of Hell 111 in Old Eng. Misc. 150 He..þat wreyeþ his sibbe oþer him fled Abuuen his eyen þe flod geþ. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. V. 117 He was i-wreyed by þe same douȝter Fausta..and fliȝ to Marcil. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. V. 157 Þere he was i-wreyed wiþ [= by] a wenche. c. To expose (a person) by revealing some hidden fact or private matter. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > secrets > prejudicially > a person bewrayc1300 wrayc1340 c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 5460–2 Als stolne thyng wreghes a thefe funden, When it es obout his neke..bounden, Right swa þair syns sal wreghe þam þar. c1400 T. Chestre Launfal 147 Thane seyde syr Launfal.., Tell ye no man of my poverte... The knyghtes answerede and seyde tho, That they nolde him wreye never mo. c1400 Rule St. Benet (Prose) 36 Wreȝ hir noht þat te þing es sent to. a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 62 As a theef wol be gladde there as he ys hidde, and not be wrayed of his thefte. a1500 Hist. K. Boccus & Sydracke (?1510) sig. G j Yf thou thy frende it sey, And wenyst he shal the not wrey. 6. To reveal, disclose, or discover the true character of; to show or expose the existence or presence of (something desired to be concealed); to betray; = bewray v. 6. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > the true character or identity of utter1526 wray1576 convince1583 strip1619 dispersonate1624 convict1717 to show up1821 out1990 1576 G. Whetstone Castle of Delight 38 in Rocke of Regard Thou mayst (God wot) thy visard vaile, thy wanton maskes are wrayd. 1576 G. Whetstone Garden of Vnthriftinesse 65 in Rocke of Regard The colours which I wore, my secrete mourning wrayde. 1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Stater iii The werke wrayes the man, seeme he neuer so fine. 7. To expose to view; to exhibit, show. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > show to the sight [verb (transitive)] to set beforea1000 openOE showlOE to put forth?c1225 kithe1297 to make (a) showing ofc1330 presenta1398 representa1398 to lay forthc1420 splayc1440 discovera1450 advisea1500 to set to (the) show?1510 to stall out1547 outlay1555 exhibit1573 strew1579 wray1587 displaya1616 ostentate1630 elevate1637 re-exhibita1648 expound1651 unveil1657 subject1720 flare1862 skin1873 patent1889 showcase1939 1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 92 He wried his wounds, he shewde the shameful blows, He told the trayters treason. 8. intransitive or absol. a. To denounce or slander a person; to make accusations, cast aspersions. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > utter slander or calumny [verb (intransitive)] missay?c1225 wrayc1330 malignc1425 slanderc1426 libel1570 deprave1600 calumniate1609 libellizec1620 sycophantize1636 disreport1655 scandalize1745 to sling (also fling, throw) mud1768 calumny1895 foul-mouth1960 c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2179 Meriadok wrayeþ ay, To þe king þus seyd he. 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles ii. 84 Þat no manere mede shulde make him wrye. 14.. Wheatley MS. (1921) 8 First ye gloþered, now ye wrye. b. To make disclosures or statements. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or make revelations [verb (intransitive)] cough1393 wrayc1425 to break a secreta1450 to tell allc1450 to bring (also put) to light1526 to let on1725 to open up1884 to come out of the closet1971 to come out1976 society > communication > information > action of informing > give information [verb (intransitive)] meanOE telllOE to make reportc1425 wrayc1425 wrobc1425 lay1488 inform1569 intelligence1616 advertise1764 c1425 Thomas of Erceld. (1875) 2 If j solde sytt to domesdaye, with my tonge, to wrobbe and wrye. c1440 York Myst. xxi. 25 They askid yf I a prophete ware, And I saide ‘nay’; but sone I wreyede high aperte. c. northern dialect. (See quot. 1781.) ΚΠ 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. To wree against a person, to insinuate to his disadvantage. Derivatives wraying n. and adj. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun] wrayingc1000 information1387 promotion?1533 talebearing1571 delation1578 sycophancy1622 peachery1654 blowing the gap1821 nosing1827 peaching1859 rounding1862 squeal1872 scream1915 singing1937 snouting1937 dobbing1968 whistle-blowing1971 society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > [noun] wrayingc1000 indictment1303 accusationa1382 information1387 appeaching1401 allegeancea1430 supposal1429 accuse?a1439 appealing1440 ditingc1440 indictingc1440 detection1471 cusing1488 indictament1523 arraigning1533 denouncement1544 arraignment1549 raignment1570 delation1578 denunciation1588 prosecution1590 accusement1596 inditure1614 aggravation1626 arraign1638 delating1820 billing1884 beef1928 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > [noun] teleeOE folk-leasinga1000 tolec1000 wrayingc1000 missaw?c1225 slanderc1290 disclanderc1300 famationc1325 noisec1325 skander1338 missaying1340 misspeecha1375 slanderingc1380 biting1382 defaminga1400 filtha1400 missaya1400 obloquya1438 oblocution?a1439 juroryc1440 defamationa1450 defamea1450 forspeaking1483 depravinga1500 defamya1513 injury?1518 depravation1526 maledictiona1530 abusion?1530 blasphemation1533 infamation1533 insectationa1535 calumning1541 calumniation?1549 abuse1559 calumnying1563 calumny1564 belying?1565 illingc1575 scandalizing1575 misparlance?1577 blot1587 libelling1587 scandal1596 traducement1597 injurying1604 deprave1610 vilifying1611 noisec1613 disfame1620 sycophancy1622 aspersion1633 disreport1640 medisance1648 bollocking1653 vilification1653 sugillation1654 blasphemya1656 traduction1656 calumniating1660 blaspheming1677 aspersing1702 blowing1710 infamizing1827 malignation1836 mud-slinging1858 mud-throwing1864 denigration1868 mud-flinging1876 dénigrement1883 malignment1885 injurious falsehood1907 mud-sling1919 bad-mouthing1939 bad mouth1947 trash-talking1974 c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) 317 Accusatio, wreging. ?c1225 Ancrene Riwle (Cleo.: Scribe B) (1972) 2 Þe an [riwle] riwleð þe heorte & makeð efne & smeðe wið vte cnoste & dolke of woh inwit & of wreȝinde. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 225 We schule beon cwite of wreiȝinge ed þe Muchele dom. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 150 Þe fifðe [vice] wreiunge. c1330 King of Tar 739 The ladi bad hire maydens anon, Out of hire chaumbre forte gon, For drede of wriyying sake. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26350 Þat schrife agh selden be wreiand. a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 27671 Þai will of deme a man with ill, And has bot a wreghing þar-till. c1425 Eng. Conq. Ireland 102 He beleued þe fals mannys talys & wryynge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † wrayv.² Etymology: See ray v.¹ 4a. Obsolete. rare. intransitive. To evacuate. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > defecation > [verb (intransitive)] dritea1000 to do one's filthheadc1300 shit?c1335 to go to siegec1400 scumbera1425 cack1436 to do one's easementa1438 to ease nature, ease oneselfc1440 skite1449 to do of one's needingsc1475 fen1486 dung1508 spurge1530 to cover his feet1535 lask1540 stool1540 to exonerate nature1542 file1564 fiant1575 cucka1605 wray1620 exonerate1631 excrement1632 to do one's ease1645 sir-reverence1665 excrementizec1670 nest1679 poop1689 move1699 defecate1837 crap1874 mire1918 to make a mess1928 mess1937 to go poo-poo (also poo-poos)1960 potty1972 to do a whoopsie (or whoopsies)1973 pooh1975 1620 I. C. Two Merry Milke-maids iv. i. sig. M1 I thinke some Bird was wraid in my eye. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < v.¹c725v.²1620
随便看	to go to war or wars to go to waste to go to work to go to wrack to go to wrack and ruin to go to wreche to go to wreck to go to wreck and ruin to go together to come after to come after someone with a sharp stick to come after with a sharp stick to come again to come alive to come all right to come all to pieces to come aloft to come along to come and go to come and see to come anoven to come anovenon to come apart to come around to come as a etc

† wrayv.1

Derivatives

† wrayv.2

† wrayv.¹

† wrayv.²