pentapolisn.

Brit.

/pɛnˈtapəlɪs/, U.S.

/pɛnˈtæpələs/

Forms: Old English pentapalim, Old English–Middle English pentapolim, Middle English pentapolys, Middle English– pentapolis, 1500s pentapoli, 1600s penlapolis (transmission error). Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pentapolis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin pentapolis a league or group of five cities or towns (Vulgate, Wisdom 10:6) < ancient Greek πεντάπολις < πεντα- penta- comb. form + πόλις (see -polis comb. form). Compare Italian pentapoli (a1292), Spanish pentapolis (mid 13th cent. as pentapolim).Post-classical Latin pentapolis is applied in the Vulgate to the five biblical ‘cities of the plain’ (similarly Hellenistic Greek πεντάπολις in the Septuagint), and later (4th cent.) to the five cities of central Cyrenaica. The Old English forms in -im are after the Latin accusative singular.

A league or group of five cities or towns; (frequently with capital initial) any of several historical groups or federations of five cities, often including the regions and provinces around them.Applied spec. to (a) the five Biblical ‘cities of the plain’ (Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Zoar: see Genesis 14:8); (b) the ancient Philistine confederacy of Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gaza, Gath, and Ekron; (c) the five ancient Greek (later Roman) cities of central Cyrenaica (Cyrene, Apollonia, Ptolemais, Taucheira, and Berenice); (d) the military province controlled by the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna (c580–754), comprising two groups of five towns each (Rimini, Pesaro, Fano, Senigallia, and Ancona in the north-east, and Urbino, Fossombrone, Iesi, Cagli, and Gubbio in the south-west).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > a union or confederacy of states > confederacy of five cities

pentapolis1838

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > group of towns

pentapolis1838

tetrapolis1846

OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 25 Apr. 64 He gecerde ærest to Godes geleafan Egypta mægþe, ond Libia mægðe, ond Armarice, ond Pentapalim.

OE tr. Apollonius of Tyre (1958) xi. 16 He ferde on scipe to Pentapolim [L. ad Pentapolim] þare ciriniscan birig.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 747 Fif burges were ðor-inne bi tale, Ðer-fore it higte pentapolis.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 243 Tille Aufrik tuelf landes lang..Cirennes, Pentapolis..Sirtes, þe more & þe lesse.

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 2582 From Saba and from Pentapolis Michel poeple hym com.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 1137 Pentapolis next is syne, For v. citeis þar ar fyne.

1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles x. 34 The summe of this, Brought hither to Penlapolis [1635 Pentapolis], Iranyshed [read Irauyshed] the regions round.

1663 Shakespeare's Pericles 20 The Actors Names..Symonides, King of Pentapolis.

1745 G. S. Green tr. N.-F. Dupré de Saint-Maur State of Innocence i. ii. 41 That Plain was called Pentapolis;..i.e. five Cities: because there were so many Cities in it, viz. Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboim and Zoar.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. p. liii/2 (note) Scaliger..decides..that the Quinque gentiani, or five African nations, were the five great cities, the Pentapolis of the inoffensive province of Cyrene.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. xii. 89 These six colonies formed an association,..distinguished by the name of the Dorian pentapolis.

1867 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) Jan. 10 Under these possessions were embraced all the territory from Radieofani to Ceperano, also the Exarchate of Ravenna, the former Pentapolis, the March of Ancona, [etc.].

1881 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. N.Y. 13 56 The only systematic excavations that have ever been made in the Pentapolis were carried on by two British officers in 1860 at Cyrene.

1883 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. II. 1653/1 Nicholas III..compelled Rudolph of Hapsburg to cede the pentapolis [Ger. Pentapolis] and the exarchate of Ravenna to the papal see.

1936 Amer. Jrnl. Archeol. 40 336 Since this settlement was proved by the excavators to date from about 3000 b.c., it..might actually be the ancient capital of the Pentapolis.

1962 C. H. Kraeling (title) Ptolemais. City of the Libyan Pentapolis.

1995 Bull. Amer. Schools Oriental Res. No. 298. 22 The near absence of Philistine monochrome pottery outside of the Pentapolis..suggests that the Philistines were not trading outside their borders with any great frequency.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pentapolis
释义	pentapolisn. Brit. /pɛnˈtapəlɪs/, U.S. /pɛnˈtæpələs/ Forms: Old English pentapalim, Old English–Middle English pentapolim, Middle English pentapolys, Middle English– pentapolis, 1500s pentapoli, 1600s penlapolis (transmission error). Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pentapolis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin pentapolis a league or group of five cities or towns (Vulgate, Wisdom 10:6) < ancient Greek πεντάπολις < πεντα- penta- comb. form + πόλις (see -polis comb. form). Compare Italian pentapoli (a1292), Spanish pentapolis (mid 13th cent. as pentapolim).Post-classical Latin pentapolis is applied in the Vulgate to the five biblical ‘cities of the plain’ (similarly Hellenistic Greek πεντάπολις in the Septuagint), and later (4th cent.) to the five cities of central Cyrenaica. The Old English forms in -im are after the Latin accusative singular. A league or group of five cities or towns; (frequently with capital initial) any of several historical groups or federations of five cities, often including the regions and provinces around them.Applied spec. to (a) the five Biblical ‘cities of the plain’ (Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Zoar: see Genesis 14:8); (b) the ancient Philistine confederacy of Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gaza, Gath, and Ekron; (c) the five ancient Greek (later Roman) cities of central Cyrenaica (Cyrene, Apollonia, Ptolemais, Taucheira, and Berenice); (d) the military province controlled by the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna (c580–754), comprising two groups of five towns each (Rimini, Pesaro, Fano, Senigallia, and Ancona in the north-east, and Urbino, Fossombrone, Iesi, Cagli, and Gubbio in the south-west). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > a union or confederacy of states > confederacy of five cities pentapolis1838 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > group of towns pentapolis1838 tetrapolis1846 OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 25 Apr. 64 He gecerde ærest to Godes geleafan Egypta mægþe, ond Libia mægðe, ond Armarice, ond Pentapalim. OE tr. Apollonius of Tyre (1958) xi. 16 He ferde on scipe to Pentapolim [L. ad Pentapolim] þare ciriniscan birig. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 747 Fif burges were ðor-inne bi tale, Ðer-fore it higte pentapolis. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 243 Tille Aufrik tuelf landes lang..Cirennes, Pentapolis..Sirtes, þe more & þe lesse. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 2582 From Saba and from Pentapolis Michel poeple hym com. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 1137 Pentapolis next is syne, For v. citeis þar ar fyne. 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles x. 34 The summe of this, Brought hither to Penlapolis [1635 Pentapolis], Iranyshed [read Irauyshed] the regions round. 1663 Shakespeare's Pericles 20 The Actors Names..Symonides, King of Pentapolis. 1745 G. S. Green tr. N.-F. Dupré de Saint-Maur State of Innocence i. ii. 41 That Plain was called Pentapolis;..i.e. five Cities: because there were so many Cities in it, viz. Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboim and Zoar. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. p. liii/2 (note) Scaliger..decides..that the Quinque gentiani, or five African nations, were the five great cities, the Pentapolis of the inoffensive province of Cyrene. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. xii. 89 These six colonies formed an association,..distinguished by the name of the Dorian pentapolis. 1867 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) Jan. 10 Under these possessions were embraced all the territory from Radieofani to Ceperano, also the Exarchate of Ravenna, the former Pentapolis, the March of Ancona, [etc.]. 1881 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. N.Y. 13 56 The only systematic excavations that have ever been made in the Pentapolis were carried on by two British officers in 1860 at Cyrene. 1883 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. II. 1653/1 Nicholas III..compelled Rudolph of Hapsburg to cede the pentapolis [Ger. Pentapolis] and the exarchate of Ravenna to the papal see. 1936 Amer. Jrnl. Archeol. 40 336 Since this settlement was proved by the excavators to date from about 3000 b.c., it..might actually be the ancient capital of the Pentapolis. 1962 C. H. Kraeling (title) Ptolemais. City of the Libyan Pentapolis. 1995 Bull. Amer. Schools Oriental Res. No. 298. 22 The near absence of Philistine monochrome pottery outside of the Pentapolis..suggests that the Philistines were not trading outside their borders with any great frequency. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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