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单词 wrath
释义

wrathn.

Brit. /rɒθ/, /rɔːθ/, U.S. /ræθ/
Forms: α. Old English wræððu, wræððo, Middle English wræððe, Middle English wredða, Middle English wredðe ( wreadðe), Middle English wreððe, Middle English wreþþe, Middle English wretthe. β. Old English wraððo, Middle English wraððe ( wraððhe), wraðþe, Middle English Orm., Middle English wraþþe, Middle English wratthe. γ. Middle English wraðe, Middle English wraþe, Middle English–1500s wrathe; Middle English wrað, Middle English– wrath (Middle English wragh, Middle English wraaþ, wraugth, 1600s wrauth). δ. ScottishMiddle English–1600s wraith, 1500s wraithe, 1500s vraith, vr-, wrayth ( wrayith).
Etymology: Old English wrǽððu , -o , = wrǽþþu , < wráþ wroth adj. + -þu < Germanic -iþō : see -th suffix1. Compare wrethe n.The original long vowel (ǣ) was shortened before the double consonant, and gave the two Middle English types wreþþe and wraþþe. From the latter comes the modern wrath, with later lengthening of the a, as in path, lath. The pronunciation /rɑːθ/, regarded by Walker (1791) as ‘more analogical’, and formerly common in English use but now displaced by that with the rounded vowel /rɔːθ/, and later by /rɒθ/, is still given as the standard by American dictionaries.
1. Vehement or violent anger; intense exasperation or resentment; deep indignation:
a. In the phrases for, †o, †on, of, with (†mid), or esp. in wrath.
ΚΠ
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark iii. 5 [Jesus] ymb-sceawde hia mið wræððo..cueð to ðæm menn, aðen hond ðin.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 113 Þe lauerd [scal] do hit for rihtwisnesse..and noht for wreððe.
a1200 Vices & Virtues 121 Ne he ðe ðurhwuneð on wraðþe, ne he ðe wuneliche lið on hordome.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 1361 Þe Keiser kaste his heaued, as wod mon, of wraððe.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 2048 Hu wrakeliche, wenestu, wule he, al o wraððe, wreken on þe, wrecche!
13.. Guy Warw. (C.) 3326 It is Guy, That in wrath from the woll departi truly.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark iii. 5 He biholdynge hem aboute with wrathe..seith to the man, Holde forth thin honde.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 79 Some vse when they here the fende named in play or in wrathe to saye Aue maria.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6697 Then for wrath of his wound..He gird to a greke.
1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 1st Pt. sig. B3v My heart is swolne with wrath, On this..villaine tamburlaine And of that false Cosroe.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. sig. Bb2v Yet being men they..Stared ghastly,..Some for wrath, to see their captiue Dame.
1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant ii. i. 24 Come not near me to night, while I'm in wrath.
c1743 C. H. Williams Wks. (1822) I. 203 Great Earl of Bath, Be not in wrath, At what the people say.
1798 W. Wordsworth Peter Bell 348 On he drives with cheeks that burn In downright fury and in wrath.
1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 243 But we may go in wrath.
b. In general use. Occasionally personified.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [noun]
irrec825
gramec1000
brathc1175
wrathc1175
mooda1225
ortha1225
felonyc1290
irea1300
greme13..
thro1303
wrathhead1303
errorc1320
angera1325
gremth1340
iroura1380
brethc1380
couragec1386
heavinessc1386
felona1400
follya1400
wrathnessc1440
choler1530
blast1535
malice1538
excandescency1604
stomachosity1656
bad blood1664
corruption1799
needle1874
irateness1961
the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [noun]
foamc900
wrethec950
woodnessc1000
eyec1175
wrathc1175
grim13..
ragingc1300
ragec1325
furyc1374
fiercetya1382
fiercenessc1384
wrotha1400
grindellaikc1400
rasedheadc1450
furor1477
windc1485
furiousnessc1500
enrage1502
furiosity1509
passion1524
ourningc1540
enragement1596
enragedness1611
transportation1617
emportment1663
madness1663
foaming1709
infuriation1848
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 105 Wreððe hafð wununge on þes dusian bosme.
a1200 Vices & Virtues 41 All ðare hwile ðe ðu wraððe oðer nið hauest mid te.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3863 Ðer ros wreððe and strif a-non A-gen moysen and aaron.
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 6 He ne suffred neuere wrath to be aboue.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vi. 98 Beo wel i-war of wraþþe Þat wykkide Schrewe.
c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 3872 Wratthe, þe body of man inward fretith.
c1425 Cast. Persev. 210 in Macro Plays 83 Wretthe, þis wrecche, with me schal wawe.
c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 214 Ageyn hym wrathe if thou accende The same in happ wylle falle on the.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Eph. iv. 31 Let all bitternes, fearsnes and wrath..be put awaye from you.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. D5 Such one was Wrath, the last of this vngodly tire.
1640 G. Sandys tr. H. Grotius Christs Passion ii. 201 Wrath, the Nurse of War.
1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 125 Upon every triffle they shall be provoked to Wrath.
1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 132 He judg'd them with as terrible a frown As if not love, but wrath, had brought him down.
1839 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. IV. ii. 40 Wrath was abroad and in his path.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xlvi. 450 Mrs. Brown's daughter looked out..; and there were wrath and vengeance in her face.
1885 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS App. i. 143 He was now full of wrath and resentment against them.
in extended use.1827 R. Pollok Course of Time I. v. 229 He..heard the weltering of the waves of wrath.1848 O. W. Holmes Battle of Lexington iii Fast on the soldier's path Darken the waves of wrath.
c. With qualification (adj. or possessive pronoun).
ΚΠ
α.
c900 in J. Stevenson Rituale Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis (1840) 12 Ælc bitternesse & irra & wræððo..sie g invmmen from ivh.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 67 For-ȝif þi wreððe and þi mod, for þenne is þi bode god.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 722 Corineus..saide þas ilke word mid muchelere wredðe [read wreððe; c1300 Otho wraþþe].
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. IV. 163 Þe way was y-opened forto take wreche of al olde wreþþe.
a1400 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) II. 857 Þis spousing was enchesen of gret hate & wreþþe.
c1440 York Myst. xxvi. 154 Of my wretthe wreke me I will.
β. a1200 St. Marher. 18 Þa warð þe reue woð and beð..o great wraððe bringen forð a uet.a1250 Owl & Nightingale 941 Þe wraþþe binymeþ monnes red.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3180 Ah hit wes muchel hærme..þat þurh his wraððe. his wit wes awemmed.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 728 Ȝif þemperour were wiþ me wroþ his wraþþe forto slake.1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 154 The king..Was..so wel paid That al his wraththe is overgo.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5085 Mi wraþþe is clene fro me goon.γ. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2719 Do nu wel with-uten fiht, Yeld hire þe lond... Wile ich forgiue þe þe lathe, Al mi dede and al mi wrathe.c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 51 Mars which..The old wrath of Juno to fulfille Hath sette the peoplis hertis..on fyre Of Thebes [etc.].c1440 Generydes 1373 Yet in his wraugth this thought he euer among, If he shuld avenge hym sodenly [etc.].1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii. vii His mayster..by grete wrathe beganne to bete gym.1526 Bible (Tyndale) Eph. iv. 26 Lett nott the sonne goo doune apon youre wrathe.a1616 W. Shakespeare Richard III (1623) ii. i. 107 Who sued to me for him? Who (in my wrath) [1597 rage]..bid me be aduis'd?1616 T. Scot 2nd Pt. Philomythie sig. C3 Each roreth out his wrath, Nor other need of drums or trumpets hath.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 142 The Seer..could not yet his Wrath asswage. View more context for this quotation1734 A. Pope Epist. to Arbuthnot 30 Which must end me, a Fool's Wrath or Love?1796 F. Burney Camilla I. ii. xii. 339 When he had respectfully suffered her wrath to vent itself, he made apologies.1862 W. M. Thackeray Adventures of Philip II. xi. 238 His chafing, bleeding temper is one raw; his whole soule one rage, and wrath, and fever.1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. xxv. 255 The Evil One With terrible wrath Seeketh a path His prey to discover!δ. c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1903) II. 238 (margin) As for malice or vnlawful wraith, it is vtirly forbiddin.1571 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Morall Fabillis (Bassandyne) 79 In his wraith [?a1500 breith] he weryit thame to deid.c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas i. in Wks. (1898) I. 296 His hoarie head he reares Above the waters, toss'd by Juno's wraith.
d. Righteous indignation on the part of the Deity.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > [noun]
wrathc900
disdain1297
indignationc1384
heavinessc1386
gall1390
offencea1393
mislikinga1400
despitec1400
rankling?a1425
jealousyc1475
grudge1477
engaigne1489
grutch1541
outrage1572
dudgeon1573
indignance1590
indignity1596
spleen1596
resentiment1606
dolour1609
resentment1613
endugine1638
stomachosity1656
ressentiment1658
resent1680
umbrage1724
resentfulness1735
niff1777
indignancy1790
saeva indignatio1796
hard feeling1803
grudgement1845
to have a chip on one's shoulder1856
affrontedness1878
spike1890
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [noun] > righteous indignation
wrathc900
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [noun] > righteous indignation > manifestation of
wrathc900
wrethec900
c900 in J. Stevenson Rituale Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis (1840) 8 God,..beado folces ðines biddendes rvmmodlice biseh, & sv'oppa ðines vraððo..ymbwoend.
a1200 Vices & Virtues 21 Fondie we te kelien godes wraððe mid teares.
a1300 Early Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter xciv. 11 (E.) Als in mi wrath swore I best, If þai sal in-ga in mi rest.
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 780 He takyþ more to wraþþe þat synne þan [etc.].
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ezek. xxxviii. 19 Saith the Lord God, myn indignacioun shal styre vp..in my wrath.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour 13 Forto apese the wrathe of God..thei..fasted.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Hosea xiii. 11 I gaue the a kinge in my wrath.
1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 30 For the abusing of thir dayis..God is at wrayith with vs.
1637 J. Milton Comus 27 As when the wrath of Iove Speaks thunder.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 406 To appease thy wrauth..[thy Son] offerd himself to die For mans offence. View more context for this quotation
1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. x. 253 The native fires, which God awoke, And kindled with the fury of His wrath.
1853 T. Parker Theism, Atheism, & Pop. Theol. p. li To appease the wrath of God, or purchase his favour.
e. transferred. Violence or extreme force of a natural agency, regarded as hostile to humankind or growth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun]
brathc1175
reighshipc1275
airc1300
ragec1330
sturdinessc1384
violencea1387
fierceness1435
vehemencyc1487
furiosity1509
fiercetya1513
bremeness?1529
boistousness1530
vehemence1535
bruteness1538
violency1538
violentness1544
vehementness1561
wrath1579
fury1585
torture1605
keenness?1606
ragingness1621
stiffness1623
rapt1632
tempestuousness1648
boisterousnessa1650
rampancy1652
boisture1667
untamedness1727
paroxysm1893
storminess1894
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Jan. 19 Thou barrein ground, whome winters wrath hath wasted.
1608 Great Frost sig. B2v This beating..may teach them..in Sommer to make a prouision against the wrath of Winter.
1648 J. Beaumont Psyche ii. xvi. 14 Stern bristles hedg'd up high His back, which did all wrath of thorns defie.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iv. 172 A wasted Female form, Blighted by wrath of sun and storm.
1813 W. Scott Rokeby vi. 306 Mine be the eve of tropic Sun!.. No twilight dews his wrath allay.
1833 W. Wordsworth If Life were Slumber 34 She knelt in prayer—the waves their wrath appease.
1876 A. C. Swinburne Erechtheus 588 All her flower of body..With the might of the wind's wrath wrenched.
2. An instance of deep or violent anger; a fit or spell of ire or fierce indignation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > [noun] > fit(s) or outburst(s) of anger
wratha1200
wrethea1400
hatelc1400
angerc1425
braida1450
fumea1529
passion1530
fustian fume1553
ruff1567
pelt1573
spleen1590
blaze1597
huff1599
blustera1616
dog-flawa1625
overboiling1767
explosion1769
squall1807
blowout1825
flare-up1837
fit1841
bust-up1842
wax1854
Scot1859
pelter1861
ructions1862
performance1864
outfling1865
rise1877
detonation1878
flare-out1879
bait1882
paddy1894
paddywhack1899
wingding1927
wing-dinger1933
eppie1987
the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [noun] > instance or fit of furious anger
wratha1200
ragec1325
furyc1374
paroxysm1578
rapturea1616
orgasma1763
ramp1798
the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > [noun] > fit of
wratha1200
pique1551
snuff1592
stumble1675
huff1757
cream puff1985
a1200 Vices & Virtues 41 Ðe dieule..ararð upp ðe wraððhes and þe cheastes and te bitere wordes.
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 294 Bituex þe kyng of France & þe erle..Was þat tyme a distance, a wrath bituex þam nam.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 27671 To deme a man til ille for a wraþ he has him tille.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 2310 In a wrath, þe wale kyng swyth Him of his principalete priued.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 68 Hit is better to leue a gylty man vnpunysshyd than to punyshe hym in a wrath or yre.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Cor. xii. 20 Lest there be amonge you, debates, envyenges, wrathes, stryuynges.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. vi. sig. Fv So both to wreake their wrathes on Britomart agreed. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. iii. 79 Lingring perdition..shall step, by step attend You, and your wayes, whose wraths to guard you from, [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
1855 M. Arnold Balder Dead iii. 79 For haughty spirits and high wraths are rife Among the Gods.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 87 When some heat of difference sparkled out, How sweetly would she glide between your wraths.
†3.
a. Impetuous ardour, rage, or fury. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > [noun] > excessive ardour or fervour
wrath1490
overheata1628
over-warmth1823
the mind > emotion > excitement > excitability of temperament > impetuosity > [noun]
impetuousnessc1425
wrath1490
impetuosity1639
fougue1660
hot-headedness1673
unevenness1706
impulsiveness1863
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iii. 78 [They] go vpon the oost..by soo grete wrathe that it was merueyll.
1539 Bible (Great) 2 Macc. iv. 25 Bearynge the stomack of a cruel tyraunt, & ye wrath of a wylde brute beest.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 i. i. 109 Harry Monmouth, whose swift wrath beat downe The neuer daunted Percy to the earth. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. iv. 227 Your opposite hath in him what youth, strength, skill, and wrath, can furnish man withall. View more context for this quotation
†b. The ardour of passion, love, etc. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > [noun] > ardour of passion
wratha1616
G.P.1894
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. ii. 38 They are in the verie wrath of loue, and they will together. View more context for this quotation
4. Anger displayed in action; the manifestation of anger or fury, esp. by way of retributory punishment; vengeance:
a. Of the Deity, etc. Frequently in wrath of God; also figurative in like the wrath of God, dreadful, terrible; dreadfully, terribly. See also day of wrath at day n. 11a.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > [noun] > divine
wrathc950
the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [noun] > attributed to God
wrathc950
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [adjective]
eislichc888
eyesfulOE
awfulc1175
smarta1200
ferlya1225
sternc1275
grisea1300
uglya1300
dreadfula1325
fell?c1335
stout1338
perilousc1380
terriblec1400
ghastfulc1449
timorous1455
epouventable1477
bedreadc1485
dreadablec1490
dreadc1540
buggisha1555
dreaded1556
monster-like1561
dire1567
scareful1567
terrifying1577
scary1582
direful1583
affrighting1592
dismal1594
affrightful1603
diral1606
tirable1607
frighting1619
scaring1641
affrighteninga1651
formidolous1656
terrific1667
terrifical1677
atrocious1733
terrorful1789
orful1845
lurid1850
terrorsome1890
turble1893
timorsome1894
like the wrath of God1936
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xxi. 23 Bið forðon ofer-suiðnisso micelo on-ufa eorðo & wræððo folce ðissum.
1050–72 in Leofric Missal (1883) 1/1 Hæbbe he godes curs and wræð e ealra halgena.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 27 He..biddeð þat godes wraððe cume uppen his oȝen heued.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Thess. i. 10 Jhesu, that delyuerede vs fro wraththe to comynge.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 107 Sodeynly, þanne, þe wretthe & þe wreche of god schal fallyn on þe.
1482 Monk of Evesham 61 The whyche..tresur to hem fro daye to daye the wrathe of owre sauyur ihesu cryste in the daye of hys wrathe.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ecclus. vii. 16 Remembre that the wrath shall not be longe in tarienge.
1583 W. Hunnis Seuen Sobs i. 3 If into heauen I might ascend,..O Lord, thy wrath would thrust me forth Downe to the earthe againe.
1624 F. Quarles Iob Militant ix. 46 The smoothest pleader hath No power in his lips, to slake his [sc. God's] Wrath.
1682 A. Peden Lord's Trumpet Sounding (1739) 13 When Wrath is so near, I pray You to take notice what Ye are doing, for..[soon] Ye shall..be overthrown with the Wrath of God.
1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. i. 7 Sin brings us under the wrath and curse of God.
1793 R. Gray Poems 133 To redeem [him] from wrath, His Saviour once did bleed and die.
1820 P. B. Shelley Fragm.: Satire upon Satire 14 Then send the priests..To preach the burning wrath which is to come.
1846 A. Marsh Father Darcy II. v. 107 I have dedicated myself to..the god of wrath and vengeance.
1936 J. Buchan Island of Sheep xii. 224 The winds..in the Norlands can blow like the wrath of God.
1955 M. Allingham Beckoning Lady xiii. 178 Fancy coming home like the wrath of God and starting a fight.
1967 ‘R. Foley’ Fear of Stranger (1968) v. 56 You look like the wrath of God, Kay... No flesh on you to speak of.
1982 ‘W. R. Duncan’ Queen's Messenger ii. 19 Are you ill? You look like the wrath of God.
b. Of persons.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > [noun]
wrakec825
wrechec1175
yielda1200
wrakedomc1275
vengeancea1300
hevening1303
vengement1338
wreakc1340
rewardc1350
retributiona1425
revengeancec1480
wratha1500
revengementa1513
avengeance1535
avenge1568
ultion1575
venge1587
wreck1591
nemesis1597
revanche1615
vindict1639
vindication1647
the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [noun]
wrakec825
wrackc900
wrechec1175
yielda1200
wrakedomc1275
vengeancea1300
vengement1338
awreaking1340
rewardc1350
revengeancec1480
wratha1500
avengementa1513
revengementa1513
revengea1525
avengeance1535
avenge1568
requital1569
ultion1575
venge1587
wreck1591
revanche1615
vindict1639
payback1973
a1500 Songs & Carols (Warton Club) 98 The chylderyng ȝyng, With Herowdes wretthe to deth were wrong.
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. iv. 94 The wraith and Ire of romanis aganis þe veanis war defferrit to þe nixt ȝere.
a1607 H. Chettle Trag. Hoffman (1631) sig. F3 The Dukes squadrons arm'd with wrath and death, Watch but the signall when to ceaze on you.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 14 The wrauth Of stern Achilles on his Foe. View more context for this quotation
1781 W. Cowper Table Talk 597 Man lavish'd all his thoughts on human things—The feats of heroes, and the wrath of kings.
1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. 444 Legal wrath is nothing else than the just award of crime.
1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude x. 268 Avengers, from whose wrath they fled In terror.
1868 Heavysege Jezebel i. 130 My red wrath shall fall like yon bright bolt.
5. An act done in anger or indignation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] > act done in anger
wrathc1450
the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > [noun] > act done in indignation
wrathc1450
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 42 Ȝif ȝe wyl fle fro þe iiij. wrettys [sic] of god.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ccvi. [ccii.] 633 To make amendes for all wrathes, forfaytes, and dommages that euer they dyde to hym.
1611 Bible (King James) Zech. vii. 12 There~fore came a great wrath from the Lord of hostes. View more context for this quotation
a1754 E. Erskine Serm. (1755) 200 No Man can read his Bible..but he must hear of a wrath to come from God upon Impenitent Sinners.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as wrath-bearing, wrath-fire, wrath-storm; objective, as wrath-provoking, †wrath-venger; similative, as wrath-faced, wrath-like; instrumental, as wrath-bewildered, wrath-consume v., wrath-kindled, wrath-swollen.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [adjective] > bearing wrath
wrotha1100
wrath-bearing1920
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. i. 152 Wrath kindled gentleman be ruled by me. View more context for this quotation
1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood iv. D 8 b [To] Threaten to drawe his wrath-venger, his sworde.
c1602 C. Marlowe tr. Ovid Elegies ii. v. sig. C3v She..kiss'd so sweetely as might make Wrath-kindled Ioue away his thunder shake.
1642 J. Vicars God in Mount 48 The guilt of such a wrath-provoking sin.
1656 J. Sparrow tr. J. Böhme Aurora xix. 434 When thou fightest against him, thou stirrest up his wrath-fire.
1718 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 356 The extraordinary stirrings of the Jacobites, and their elevation, especially since our wrath-like divisions at Court.
1757 W. Wilkie Epigoniad iii. 66 They fly dispers'd, nor tempt..His wrath-swoln neck and eyes of living fire.
1798 W. Sotheby tr. C. M. Wieland Oberon i. lii. 27 His sov'reign's wrath-bewilder'd brain.
1859 E. FitzGerald tr. Rubáiyát Omar Khayyám lvi. 12 Whether the one True Light, Kindle to Love, or Wrathconsume [sic] me quite.
1886 J. Pulsford Infold. & Unfold. Div. Genius v. 63 The wrath-storm which our sins have created.
1892 G. Meredith Poems 81 It surges like the wrath-faced father Sea To countering winds.
1920 T. S. Eliot Ara Vos Prec 12 These tears are shaken from the wrath-bearing tree.

Derivatives

† ˈwrathhead n. Obsolete wrath; deep anger.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [noun]
irrec825
gramec1000
brathc1175
wrathc1175
mooda1225
ortha1225
felonyc1290
irea1300
greme13..
thro1303
wrathhead1303
errorc1320
angera1325
gremth1340
iroura1380
brethc1380
couragec1386
heavinessc1386
felona1400
follya1400
wrathnessc1440
choler1530
blast1535
malice1538
excandescency1604
stomachosity1656
bad blood1664
corruption1799
needle1874
irateness1961
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 12460 God..Oþer forȝyueþ..alle with gladehede, Or alle abydeþ to hys wraþhede.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

wrathadj.

Brit. /rɒθ/, /rɔːθ/, U.S. /ræθ/
Etymology: variant of wroth adj., probably by association with wrath n.
Wroth, angry, irate; deeply resentful. Somewhat rare; but occurring in various passages of the Douay Bible (1609) where earlier versions and the Authorized have wroth.
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective]
irrec825
gramec893
wemodc897
wrothc950
bolghenc1000
gramelyc1000
hotOE
on fireOE
brathc1175
moodyc1175
to-bollenc1175
wrethfulc1175
wraw?c1225
agrameda1300
wrathfula1300
agremedc1300
hastivec1300
irousa1340
wretheda1340
aniredc1350
felonc1374
angryc1380
upreareda1382
jealous1382
crousea1400
grieveda1400
irefula1400
mada1400
teena1400
wraweda1400
wretthy14..
angryc1405
errevousa1420
wrothy1422
angereda1425
passionatec1425
fumous1430
tangylc1440
heavy1452
fire angry1490
wrothsomea1529
angerful?1533
wrothful?1534
wrath1535
provoked1538
warm1547
vibrant1575
chauffe1582
fuming1582
enfeloned1596
incensed1597
choleric1598
inflameda1600
raiseda1600
exasperate1601
angried1609
exasperated1611
dispassionate1635
bristlinga1639
peltish1648
sultry1671
on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672
nangry1681
ugly1687
sorea1694
glimflashy1699
enraged1732
spunky1809
cholerous1822
kwaai1827
wrathy1828
angersome1834
outraged1836
irate1838
vex1843
raring1845
waxy1853
stiff1856
scotty1867
bristly1872
hot under the collar1879
black angry1894
spitfire1894
passionful1901
ignorant1913
hairy1914
snaky1919
steamed1923
uptight1934
broigus1937
lemony1941
ripped1941
pissed1943
crooked1945
teed off1955
ticked off1959
ripe1966
torqued1967
bummed1970
the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > [adjective]
wrothc950
disdainousc1430
indigned1490
wrath1535
disdainful1548
stomachate1575
indignant1590
dudgeon1592
snarling1593
grudgeful1596
stomached1603
offended1607
stomachful1610
injured1634
indign1652
resentful1656
disobliged1673
piqued1689
begrudging1693
sorea1694
huff1714
indignant1744
dudgeoned1796
miff1797
miffed1805
ear-sore1865
niffed1880
1535 Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. xviii. xii. 316/2 No creature is..more feruente to take wreche than is the bee whan he is wrathe.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. viii. sig. H4v Whereat the Prince full wrath, his strong right hand..Heaued vp on hie. View more context for this quotation
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 20 Oberon is passing fell and wrath [rhyme hath] . View more context for this quotation
1609 Bible (Douay) I. Gen. xl. 2 Pharao being wrath against them..sent them into the prison.
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xviii, in Poems 9 Th'old Dragon under ground..wrath to see his Kingdom fail.
1847 F. Madden Laȝamon's Brut I. 271 When he was wrath with any man.]
1860 W. M. Thackeray Lovel iv Lovel, seldom angry, was violently wrath with his brother-in-law.
1862 E. Bulwer-Lytton Strange Story II. xxxi. 229 I saw the child..looking towards us, and..she seemed near. I felt wrath with her.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† wrathv.

Forms: α. Middle English wreððen, wreþþen, Middle English wreþþe, wretþe, Middle English wretthe. β. Middle English wraððen ( wraðhin), Middle English wraþþen (Middle English Orm. -enn), Middle English wraþþe, Middle English wraþþi, wrathþe; Middle English wratþen, Middle English wratthen, wratthe. γ. Middle English wraðen, wraþen ( wrahþen), Middle English wrathen, Middle English wraþe, wrathe, wraþ (Middle English wragh), Middle English–1500s, archaic1800s wrath. δ. Middle English, Scottish1500s wraith.
Etymology: Early Middle English wreþþen , wraþþen , < the noun (see wrath n.), taking the place of the earlier wrēðen wrethe v.1 Compare awrath v., i-wrathe v., and wroth v.
Obsolete.
1.
a. intransitive. To be or become angry, wrathful, or wroth; to feel, manifest, or exhibit anger; to rage.
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)]
wrethec900
anbelgheOE
wratha1225
wrakea1300
grievec1350
angera1400
sweata1400
smoke1548
to put or set up the back1728
to have (also get) one's monkey up1833
to get (also have) the pricker1871
to have, get a cob on1937
grrra1963
a1225 Leg. Kath. 746 Þe king bigon to wreððen [Cott. MS. wraððen].
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 727 Þa iwredðede [read iwreððede] Numbert.
a1300 E.E. Psalter cxi. 10 Sinful sal se, and wrath he sal.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 189 Yf he wratthe, we mowe be war.
14.. Sir Beues (C.) 632 He wrathed sore yn is hertte.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 230 Ȝet wrathed not þe wyȝ, ne þe wrech saȝtled.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 3 Whan the gode man herde this he gan to wratthe.
in extended use.c1275 Laȝamon Brut 4577 Þe wind com on wiþere, And þe see wreþþede.c1275 Laȝamon Brut 12006 Þe see was wonderliche wod; and þe see wraþþede.
b. Const. against, at, in, with (a person or thing).
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > be angry at or with
wratha1300
wrathc1374
wrethec1420
to take grievouslya1533
spite1581
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 111 Whan wrathed Steuen with Dauid of Scotland.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 20 A gentille knightes doughter that wratthed atte the tables with a gentille man.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8442 The worthy at his wife wrathet a litle.
in extended use.a1300 E.E. Psalter cxxiii. 3 When wrathed [Harl. wraghed] breth of þa in us þus.1382 J. Wyclif Psalms cxxiii. 3 Whan shulde wrathen the wodnesse of hem in to vs.
c. Of the Deity: To be or grow righteously angry or wroth (against or with a person or thing).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [verb (intransitive)] > become angry
wratha1300
a1300 Early Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter vii. 12 (Harl.) God demer rith,..Nou wrathes be alle daies in land?
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. ix. 128 Caymes kynde & his kynde coupled togideres, Tyl god wratthed for her werkis.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Lament. v. 22 Lord,..thou wrathedist aȝen vs hugely.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 77 And God wratthed therwith, and bade Moyses [etc.].
2.
a. transitive. To make (a person, etc.) irate, angry, or wroth; to move to wrath, ire, or deep resentment; to anger, enrage; to annoy, vex.In very frequent use from c1350 to c1450.
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry
wrethec900
abelgheeOE
abaeileOE
teenOE
i-wrathec1075
wratha1200
awratha1250
gramec1275
forthcalla1300
excitea1340
grieve1362
movea1382
achafea1400
craba1400
angerc1400
mada1425
provokec1425
forwrecchec1450
wrothc1450
arage1470
incensea1513
puff1526
angry1530
despite1530
exasperate1534
exasper1545
stunt1583
pepper1599
enfever1647
nanger1675
to put or set up the back1728
roil1742
outrage1818
to put a person's monkey up1833
to get one's back up1840
to bring one's nap up1843
rouse1843
to get a person's shirt out1844
heat1855
to steam up1860
to get one's rag out1862
steam1922
to burn up1923
to flip out1964
α.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 313 Onalle wise for beren to wraððen hare.
a1250 Prov. Ælfred (A.) 276 And þu hi myd worde iwreþþed heuedest.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1883 Heo werðede [c1300 Otho Hii wreþþede] heore moddri mare þene heo sulden.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 8 Þet we ous loky þet we ne wreþþi uader ne moder wytindeliche.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4045 Þenk eft-sones to auenged be of þe Amyral þat haþ y-wreþþed þe.
a1450 Northern Passion 727 Petir stod wretthid ful sore.
β. a1200 Vices & Virtues 99 Se ðe hafð ðese eadi mihte, him ne mai no mann wraðhin.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3589 Þe feond wes iwraððed.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 7721 Ȝif þat eni him [= William] wraþþede, adoun he was anon.1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 8584 Of þese dedly synnes seuene, Þat we wraþþe with God of heuene.1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. ii. 85 Serwe on þi lokkes, Such weddyng to worche to wraþþe with truþe.1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xviii. xii Þe bee whan he is ywraþþed.a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 3369 Ne shaltou wraþþe þi lorde gent.a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1142 Hast þou..Wrathþed þy neȝbore in any þynge?1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxx. 244 The kyng was gretely meuid and wratthed.in extended use.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5990 Þe sæ wes wunder ane wod and ladliche iwraððed [c1300 Otho wraþþede].absolute.13.. Pol., Rel., & L. Poems (1903) 260 Lechery..wasteþ.., hit wraþþeþ, hit bigileþ.γ. a1275 Prov. Ælfred (B.) 276 If..þu hire mid worde wraþed hauedest.c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 1151 Ne I wolde haue wrathed her truly.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 981 I wraþed him neuer..in word ne in dede.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16427 Pilate forthoght þaim bath to wrath.c1450 Mirk's Festial 29 But yn a myshappe..þay wraþeden hor modyr.1486 Bk. St. Albans f v b Wrath not thy neighborys next the.1866 R. Morris Ayenbite 8 (margin) Wrath not thy Father or Mother.] in extended use.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2284 Þe wind com on weðere and þa sæ he wraðede [c1300 Otho þe see wreþþede].δ. c1400 Brut. ii. 310 Wherfore þe King was gretly..wraithed.a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Wolf & Lamb l. 2658 in Poems (1981) 98 He wraithit me, and than I culd him warne Within ane ȝeir.
b. Predicated of things. Somewhat rare.
ΚΠ
a1225 Leg. Kath. 238 Ne nis na þing hwerþurh monnes muchele madschipe wreððeð [Cott. MS. wraððeð] him wið mare [etc.].
c1230 Hali Meid. 27 Moni þing schal ham wraððen & gremen.
1472 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 582 Syr Jamys is euyr choppyng at me..wyth syche wordys as he thynkys wrathe me.
c. To provoke or incite (the Deity) to righteous anger or wrath; to move to displeasure. Also const. to, with.In frequent use from c1325 to c1425.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [verb (transitive)] > make God angry
wrathc1175
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5615 Tu. Ne darrst nohht drihhtin wraþþenn.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 112 Monnes saule..gað ut of hire hech heouenliche cunde & fortopaien hire wraððeð hire schuppere.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 8813 Þo þou..wraþþedest so muche god.
c1330 Amis & Amil. 606 Al our ioie..We schuld lese, and, for that sinne, Wretthi God therto.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 1227 Vn-sely cayme..and alle his osspringe..wraþet him wiþ wikked rede.
c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 16 Ihesu, for them y þe biseche Þat wraþþen þee in ony wise.
a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 978 Hast þou.. I-wrathþad þy god greuowsly?
1485 W. Caxton tr. Lyf St. Wenefryde 3 Thou hast gretely wratthed oure lorde.
3. reflexive. To wax, become, or grow angry.
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (reflexive)]
i-wrathec1075
wratha1225
wrethec1275
movec1300
grieve1377
wrothc1425
anger?c1450
a1225 Juliana (Royal MS.) 10 Þa þe reue iherde þis, he wreððede him swiðe.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10151 Arður..þis gomen isæh. and wraðde [c1300 Otho wreþþede] hine sulfne.
c1290 Beket 972 Þo þe king i-saiȝ him so come he wrathþede him a-non.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 661 Fader, no wretþe þe nouȝt.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iii. 176 Whi þou wraþþest þe now, wonder me þinkeþ.
c1420 Chron. Vilod. 4125 Hurre brother wratthede hym þo at þe last.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxxvii. l. 644 Anon to wraththen sche gan hire there.
1823 W. Scott Peveril II. x. 267 ‘Nay, wrath thee not, Will,’ said Ganlesse.]
4. transitive. To be or become angry with (a person); to treat with anger, ire, or deep resentment.
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > be angry at or with
wratha1300
wrathc1374
wrethec1420
to take grievouslya1533
spite1581
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 174 Ne I nyl forbere, yf þat ye don a-mys, To wrathen [Harl. MS. wreth] yow, and whil þat ye me serue, Cherycen yow right after ye deserue.
1375 Cantic. de Creatione 288 Ȝut bad me Michel with word od Worschipen þe, or elles god Wolde wrathen me.
c1430 in Pol., Rel., & L. Poems (1903) 191/11 Whi wraþþist þou me? y greue þee nouȝt.
1567 G. Turberville tr. Ovid Heroycall Epist. 73v A cruell stepdame will my children wrath [L. saeviet in partus meos].
5. To afflict, harm, or injure; to bring to grief or disaster.
ΘΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict
overharryeOE
aileOE
swencheOE
besetOE
traya1000
teenOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
derve?c1225
grieve1297
harrya1300
noyc1300
travailc1300
to work (also do) annoyc1300
wrath14..
aggrievea1325
annoya1325
tribula1325
to hold wakenc1330
anguish1340
distrainc1374
wrap1380
strain1382
ermec1386
afflicta1393
cumbera1400
assayc1400
distressc1400
temptc1400
encumber1413
labour1437
infortune?a1439
stressa1450
trouble1489
arraya1500
constraina1500
attempt1525
misease1530
exercise1531
to hold or keep waking1533
try1539
to wring to the worse1542
pinch1548
affligec1550
trounce1551
oppress1555
inflict1566
overharl1570
strait1579
to make a martyr of1599
straiten1611
tribulatea1637
to put through the hoop(s)1919
snooter1923
14.. Guy Warw. 1123 (Cambr.) 3252 Or they be passyd the hyllys hye, We schall þem wrath.
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 1529 Gwichard, who haþ wretþed þe, & where hastow in bateyle be?
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 726 For werre wrathed hym not so much, þat wynter was wors.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2420 Adam..Salamon..& Samson..were wrathed wyth her [sc. woman's] wyles.

Derivatives

† ˈwrather n. Obsolete one who excites, or moves to, wrath.
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] > causing anger > one who or that which
wrather1382
aggravator1598
provoke1773
needler1874
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ezek. ii. 7 Therfor thou shalt speke my wordis to hem,..for thei ben wraththers.
† ˈwrathing n. Obsolete
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] > causing anger
wrethinga1300
wrathingc1370
tarring1382
angeringa1393
provoking?a1425
provocationc1485
bear-baiting1587
passionating1598
exasperationa1631
exangeration1631
c1370 Stacions of Rome (Vernon MS.) 107 Wraþþing of Fader or Moder ȝif hit be In godes nome he forȝiueþ þe.
a1400 Cato's Distichs (Fairf.) l. 296 in R. Morris Cursor Mundi (1878) III. App. iv. 1673 For nane alde wraþþing hate noȝt þi frende if he chaunge his manere.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 24 For drede of sclaunder and wratthinge of her.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 241 Princepally for dreed of god, for dreed of his wretthyng.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
<
n.c900adj.1535v.c1175
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