white-liveredadj.

Brit.

/wʌɪtˈlɪvəd/, U.S.

/ˈ(h)waɪtˌlɪvərd/

Forms: see white adj. and n. and livered adj.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a Greek lexical item. Etymons: white adj., livered adj.

Etymology: < white adj. + livered adj., perhaps ultimately after ancient Greek or Hellenistic Greek λευκηπατίας or λευχηπατίας cowardly, literally ‘white-livered’, reflecting the former popular belief that a light-coloured liver was considered deficient in bile or choler, and hence lacking in vigour, spirit, or courage.

Cowardly, feeble-spirited, pusillanimous. Cf. liver n.¹ 4b, lily-livered adj. at lily adj. b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > cowardice or pusillanimity > [adjective]

arghc885

heartlessOE

bloodlessc1225

coward1297

faintc1300

nesha1382

comfortless1387

pusillanimousa1425

faint-heartedc1440

unheartyc1440

cowardous1480

hen-hearteda1529

cowardish1530

feigningc1540

white-livered1546

cowardly1551

faceless1567

pusillanime1570

liver-hearted1571

cowish1579

cowardise1582

coward-like1587

faint-heart1590

courageless1593

sheep-like1596

white-hearted1598

milky1602

milk-livered1608

undaring1611

lily-livereda1616

yarrow1616

flightful1626

chicken-hearted1629

poltroon1649

cow-hearted1660

whey-blooded1675

unbravea1681

nimble-heeled1719

dunghill1775

shrimp-hearted1796

chicken-livered1804

white-feathered1816

pluckless1821

chicken-spirited1822

milk-blooded1822

cowardy1836

yellow1856

yellow-livered1857

putty-hearted1872

uncourageous1878

chicken1883

piker1901

yellow-bellied1907

manso1932

scaredy-cat1933

chickenshit1940

cold-footed1944

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. v. sig. Hii^v Why thynke ye me so white lyuerd..That I will be tong tied?

1549 J. Cheke Hurt of Sedicion sig. C8^v What whyte lyuered Cities hath not onely not with stande them but also with shame fauored them.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. ii. 33 For Bardolph, hee is white-liuer'd, and red-fac'd; by the meanes whereof, a faces it out, but fights not.

?a1639 A. Harsnett Gods Summons (1640) 154 Assurance of victory puts courage..into the most white-livered, and fearful souldier.

1710 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 21 A white liver'd, sneaking, mean-spirited..Fellow.

1798 J. Bayley Forester v. i. 91 You do not live as we do ye white-liver'd dogs! That go about..extorting money Under false colours, unworthy gentlemen at large.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. li. 84 A double-faced, white-livered, sneaking spy.

1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere II. ii. xviii. 108 No need to be white-livered, but every need..to take no hasty, needless offence.

1930 ‘H. Z. Smith’ Not so Quiet i. 34 I'm afraid, I've no guts, I'm white-livered.

1991 I. Sinclair Downriver xi. 337 The parson, a white-livered clown, planted himself on the poop deck of the vessel.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	white-livered
释义	white-liveredadj. Brit. /wʌɪtˈlɪvəd/, U.S. /ˈ(h)waɪtˌlɪvərd/ Forms: see white adj. and n. and livered adj. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a Greek lexical item. Etymons: white adj., livered adj. Etymology: < white adj. + livered adj., perhaps ultimately after ancient Greek or Hellenistic Greek λευκηπατίας or λευχηπατίας cowardly, literally ‘white-livered’, reflecting the former popular belief that a light-coloured liver was considered deficient in bile or choler, and hence lacking in vigour, spirit, or courage. Cowardly, feeble-spirited, pusillanimous. Cf. liver n.¹ 4b, lily-livered adj. at lily adj. b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > cowardice or pusillanimity > [adjective] arghc885 heartlessOE bloodlessc1225 coward1297 faintc1300 nesha1382 comfortless1387 pusillanimousa1425 faint-heartedc1440 unheartyc1440 cowardous1480 hen-hearteda1529 cowardish1530 feigningc1540 white-livered1546 cowardly1551 faceless1567 pusillanime1570 liver-hearted1571 cowish1579 cowardise1582 coward-like1587 faint-heart1590 courageless1593 sheep-like1596 white-hearted1598 milky1602 milk-livered1608 undaring1611 lily-livereda1616 yarrow1616 flightful1626 chicken-hearted1629 poltroon1649 cow-hearted1660 whey-blooded1675 unbravea1681 nimble-heeled1719 dunghill1775 shrimp-hearted1796 chicken-livered1804 white-feathered1816 pluckless1821 chicken-spirited1822 milk-blooded1822 cowardy1836 yellow1856 yellow-livered1857 putty-hearted1872 uncourageous1878 chicken1883 piker1901 yellow-bellied1907 manso1932 scaredy-cat1933 chickenshit1940 cold-footed1944 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. v. sig. Hii^v Why thynke ye me so white lyuerd..That I will be tong tied? 1549 J. Cheke Hurt of Sedicion sig. C8^v What whyte lyuered Cities hath not onely not with stande them but also with shame fauored them. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. ii. 33 For Bardolph, hee is white-liuer'd, and red-fac'd; by the meanes whereof, a faces it out, but fights not. View more context for this quotation ?a1639 A. Harsnett Gods Summons (1640) 154 Assurance of victory puts courage..into the most white-livered, and fearful souldier. 1710 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 21 A white liver'd, sneaking, mean-spirited..Fellow. 1798 J. Bayley Forester v. i. 91 You do not live as we do ye white-liver'd dogs! That go about..extorting money Under false colours, unworthy gentlemen at large. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. li. 84 A double-faced, white-livered, sneaking spy. 1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere II. ii. xviii. 108 No need to be white-livered, but every need..to take no hasty, needless offence. 1930 ‘H. Z. Smith’ Not so Quiet i. 34 I'm afraid, I've no guts, I'm white-livered. 1991 I. Sinclair Downriver xi. 337 The parson, a white-livered clown, planted himself on the poop deck of the vessel. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1546
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