请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 aft
释义

aftn.

Brit. /ɑːft/, U.S. /æft/
Forms: 1700s–1800s aft. (with point), 1900s– aft, 1900s– aft'.
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: afternoon n.
Etymology: Shortened < afternoon n. (originally as a graphic abbreviation).
colloquial.
= afternoon n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > afternoon > [noun]
evenOE
overnoonOE
midovernoona1325
afternoonc1330
mid-afternoona1400
undern1470
after-dinner1576
postmeridian1583
evening1587
post meridiem1647
none1656
noon1667
postnoon1686
aft1772
p.m.1776
after1906
pip emma1912
arvo1933
pee em1933
afty1966
1772 J. Woodforde Diary 1 Mar. (1924) I. 116 His seeing Nancy Wason ride by our house this aft.
1884 I. M. Rittenhouse Jrnl. 15 May in Maud (1939) ix. 308 He had me down there Monday aft. all day Tuesday and all day Wednesday.
1916 A. Pollitzer Let. 2 Oct. in G. O'Keeffe & A. Pollitzer Lovingly, Georgia (1990) 203 Yest aft I had a sublime automobile ride—scuting all aft. thru country.
1944 M. Elevitch Let. 17 Feb. in Dog Tags Yapping (2003) 41 We savagely G.I.d our hut this aft—prob'ly the last time we'll have this pleasure at Benning.
2002 L. Lansens Rush Home Road xxiii. 534 Sorry, Rochelle. He didn't go down for his nap this aft.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

aftadv.adj.

Brit. /ɑːft/, /aft/, U.S. /æft/
Forms:

α. Old English æftan, Old English æften.

β. early Middle English 1500s–1600s afte, 1600s– aft.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian efta behind, Middle Dutch achten behind, Old Saxon aftan (only in alles at aftan last of all, at the very end, in an isolated attestation; Middle Low German achten , achtene behind, from behind), Old High German aftan from behind (chiefly in compounds; as simplex only in an isolated attestation, glossing classical Latin ā tergō from behind; Middle High German aften from behind, German regional (Bavaria, Austria) aften afterwards, subsequently, (Westphalia, Rhineland) achten , ächten behind, at the back), Old Icelandic aptan , aftan behind, from behind (Icelandic aftan ), Old Swedish aptan behind (Swedish regional atta , attå ), Gothic aftana from behind (Matthew 5:27, glossing ancient Greek ὄπισθεν behind), all reflecting a derivative formation (with a Germanic adverbial suffix also seen in outen adv.) < the Germanic base of Gothic afta behind, past (Philippians 3:14, glossing ancient Greek ὀπίσω backwards: see note), of uncertain and disputed origin: perhaps showing a suffixed form of the Indo-European base of ancient Greek ἐπί (and thus not identifiable with certainty as ultimately cognate with after adv., prep., and conj., but probably at least perceived as related from an early stage in the Germanic languages). With the β. forms compare Middle Dutch (rare) acht back (1350), behind, in the rear (first half of the 15th cent.; < achten ). Compare baft adv., baft prep., and (especially in nautical use) abaft adv. Compare also after adj., after adv., aftward adj., aftward adv.Gothic afta ‘behind, past’ was formerly considered a misreading of, or transmission error for, aftra ‘again, backwards’ (see after adv., prep., and conj.), but is securely attested in MS B of the Codex Argenteus. Moreover, the interpretation as transmission error for aftra is unlikely on semantic grounds. With Middle English on aft (see sense A. 2) compare abaft adv. Apparently unattested between the early 14th and late 16th centuries.
A. adv.
1.
a. Behind, in the rear; from behind. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
eOE Battle of Brunanburh (Parker) 63 Letan him behindan..earn æftan hwit æses brucan.
OE Wulfstan Sermo ad Anglos (Nero) (1957) 269 Huru unrihtlice mæst ælc oþerne æftan heaweþ mid sceandlican onscytan.
b. Later, afterwards. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > after, afterwards, or later
sitheneOE
aftereOE
sithOE
eftOE
latterOE
aftOE
sithencea1170
sithrec1175
thereup?c1225
baftc1275
furtherc1290
eftsoon1297
therewithala1300
afterwardc1300
afterwardsc1300
soc1300
therewithc1369
eftersoonsa1400
suingly?a1425
at after1425
followingly?c1425
afterhand1438
syne1489
by posteriority1523
in sequel1524
still1526
later1527
subsequently1537
senthis?1553
lately1565
subsequent1568
behindc1600
sequelarly1600
posterior1628
in prosecutiona1641
subsequentiallya1683
artera1746
posteriorly1799
ulteriorly1818
later on1829
OE Arundel Psalter: Canticles xv. 25 In hac trinitate nichil prius aut posterius, nichil maius aut minus : on þisse þrinnesse nan þinc ær oððe æften nan þinc mare oþþe læsse.
2. on aft: to the rear, backwards. Cf. abaft adv. 1. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 139 (MED) Hit nis bot trewþ iwend an afte Forte sette Nego in eni crafte.
3. Originally Nautical.
a. In or near the rear part or stern of a ship or (also more recently) the rear of an aircraft, spacecraft, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > rear part of vessel > [adverb]
aftc1580
astern1675
baft1687
a-poop1809
c1580 M. Baker Fragments of Anc. Shipwrightry in Mariner's Mirror (1997) 83 328/2 From the fyrst rysing afte to the tuke.
a1621 W. Strachey True Reportory Wracke Sir T. Gates in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) IV. ix. vi. 1747 Shee was fortie foot by the Keele..her Rake aft from the top of her Post..was three foot.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 19 The Chase goes away room, her Sheets are both aft.
1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 54 In working up a round Buttock of a Ship, the lower Edge of the Planks will have a sudden Sny aft.
1794 Rigging & Sea. I. 164 Chain-boat, a large boat fitted with a davit over its stem, and two windlasses, one forward, and the other aft, in the inside.
1831 E. J. Trelawny Adventures Younger Son I. xxiv. 178 This dow had a large mast forward, and gigger-mast aft.
1882 Cent. Mag. July 352/2 The quarter-masters..had their quarters aft.
1948 T. Keggen Mister Roberts v. 76 In a state of high excitement he hurried down to the machine shop just aft of the engine room.
1997 P. P. Wegener What makes Airplanes Fly? (ed. 2) ix. 156 In the simplest terms, stable flight exists if the center of pressure is located aft of the center of gravity.
2007 D. Niles & M. Dobson MacArthur's War (2008) vii. 141 Several bombs splashed to the sides—misses—but two more plunged through the flight deck aft.
b. Towards the stern or into the rear part of a ship or (also more recently) the rear of an aircraft, spacecraft, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > rear part of vessel > [adverb] > towards the stern
aftwardc1514
afterwarda1618
aftwards1627
aft1669
sternward1832
sternways1872
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [adverb] > towards rear of aircraft
aft1948
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. 17 Hawl aft the Sheets, get aft on the Quarter Deck, the fore Braces.
1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Aft or Abaft, a word us'd by Seamen to signify any Action, Motion, or Application from the Stemwards of the Ship toward the Stern; as Go aft.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ii. 316 We..began to get the guns aft.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine (1780) Rails..are likewise nailed upon several planks along the side; one in particular is called the sheer-rail, which..runs aft to the stern, and forward to the cat-head.
1832 R. Lander & J. Lander Jrnl. Exped. Niger III. xvi. 254 Call them aft, and let them stand by the arms.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. ix. 119 He said to us as we came on deck,—‘Walk aft, young gentlemen.’
1859 W. James Nav. Hist. Great Brit. IV. 73 Seized and carried aft, as the ringleader of the mutiny.
1909 Chatterbox 138/1 Feet rushed aft along the deck.
1948 ‘N. Shute’ No Highway ix. 242 We climbed up into the fuselage and went aft through the luggage bay.
1990 Lifeboat Summer 271/3 The crewman was taken aft.
1997 M. Asselin Introd. Aircraft Performance vi. 143 Another way to eliminate in-flight problems is to keep the lower jets facing aft until touchdown.
4. Back from the present, earlier. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adverb]
erea900
beforeeOE
forec1000
toforec1175
therebeforec1200
toforehand1258
forne toc1275
orc1275
andersitha1300
alreadyc1300
rather?1316
beforehandc1330
erstc1330
aforec1350
theretoforea1375
aforehanda1387
forthwitha1400
forwitha1400
or?a1400
ereward14..
toforetimec1400
aforetimes1429
aforetime1433
afore seasons1463
heretoforetime1481
forouth1487
aforrow?a1513
beforrow1568
paravant1590
antecedently1593
formerly1596
precedently1611
preveniently1633
preallably1652
previously1655
precedaneously1657
somewhiles1657
antecedaneously1661
aft1674
prior1675
anteriorly1681
antecedent1690
previous1712
priorly1742
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 38 There being nothing but everlasting God..there can be no such thing as Time, or fore, or aft, at all.
1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses xxiv. 299 Next him spake Alitherses, who alone Saw Fore and Aft.
B. adj.
Of, relating to, or situated in the rear part of a ship, aircraft, spacecraft, etc. Also: (of a wind) coming from the rear.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > position at the back > [adjective]
afterOE
afterwardOE
hinderc1290
hinderera1340
hinda1400
backc1490
reara1500
posterior1578
rearward1581
backwarda1616
hindsome1634
postica1638
averse1646
postern1648
postical1657
reverse1675
aft1711
retrospective1785
hindward1797
retral1822
western1829
postjacent1878
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > rear part of vessel > [adjective]
efta1522
aftermost1658
steermost1667
aft1711
sternmost1838
1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 78 The aft side of every Timber be mark'd down forward.
1784 J. H. Moore Pract. Navigator (ed. 8) 229 When the Wind is aft, square the Head-sails.
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 83 A trysail mast, fixed near the aft-side of the main-mast in a block of wood in the quarter deck.
1821 P. B. Shelley Boat on Serchio 74 Stow the eatables in the aft locker.
1823 Mirror of Lit. 18 Jan. 178/2 There is a curious windlass on the aft-deck, which shews, from its contrivance, that the builders had not much idea of getting rid of friction.
1854 J. W. Griffiths Treat. Marine & Naval Archit. (ed. 4) v. 169/2 The aft-end of the batten should be carried out fair.
1896 A. J. C. Hare Story of my Life I. i. iv. 106 With an aft breeze and foresails all set we made two hundred miles per day.
1915 ‘Bartimeus’ Tall Ship i. 9 He..was precipitated through his cabin door across the aft-deck.
1948 ‘N. Shute’ No Highway i. 27 The aft windows of the cabin.
1961 Engineering 20 Jan. 123/1 The aft-engine concept pioneered..in the Caravelle..has..been adopted by Boeing for its short to medium range 727.
1986 D. Carey Dreadnought v.69Aft scanner’, Captain Kirk ordered.
2005 Daily Tel. 17 Jan. 21/5 I went aloft to sit on the aft-hatch and sample a breath of fresh air.

Phrases

fore and aft: see as main entry.

Compounds

aft-cabin n. = aftercabin n. at after- prefix 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > room, locker, or quarters > [noun] > cabin > for captain or superior officers
coach1660
state room1660
state cabin1736
aftercabin1787
aft-cabin1806
cuddy1917
1806 G. Pinckard Notes W. Indies I. xx. 230 They reposed, during the night, upon the bare planks below—the males on the main-deck—the females upon the deck of the aft cabin.
1816 Gentleman's Mag. 86 i. 102 The aft-cabin was only wanting to make the boat complete.
1907 Fore 'n' Aft July 9/2 The aft cabin is finished in red mahogany.
1990 Yachting Feb. 5/1 Four more inches of headroom, a redesigned full width berth and larger hanging locker make the aft-cabin a true master stateroom.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
<
n.1772adv.adj.eOE
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2024/11/11 0:38:22