burghn.

Brit.

/ˈbʌrə/, U.S.

/bərɡ/,

/ˈbəroʊ/, Scottish English

/ˈbʌrə/

Forms: Middle English burch, Middle English bwrch, 1500s bruch, brughe, (Scottish) browch, browght, burcht, 1600s bourgh, burrow, brught, 1700s–1800s brugh, 1500s– burgh.

Etymology: Variant of borough n.; obsolete in ordinary English use since 17th cent., but continued in Scotland, and now always used instead of borough when a Scottish town is referred to. The form brugh is found in Burns and other writers of rustic dialect.

Scottish.

a. Originally = borough n.; now restricted to denote a town in Scotland possessing a charter. (The earlier English instances will be found under borough n.; the examples given here are all Scottish.)There are three classes of burghs, viz. royal burghs, the charter of which is derived from the king, burgh of regality and burgh of barony, having their charters respectively from a lord of regality and from a baron. Originally only the royal burghs sent representatives to Parliament.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > borough

burrows-townc1175

mayor-town1375

boroughc1380

borough-town1382

burghc1425

corporate town1478

royal burgh1591

county borough1708

municipality1790

Royal Borough1805

county1888

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. xi. 31 Þe Bwrch of Jerusalem.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 211 In burch I wist weill I suld de.

a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 207 Thow held the burch lang with ane borrowit goun.

1566 J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) I. 99 The Commissionaris of browghtis.

1566 J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) I. 431 To command free Browchis to cheise Provestis and officiaris of our nameing.

1597 Acts James VI (1814) 148 (Jam.) To erect ane vniuersitie within the said brughe.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 119 The Lawes and Constitvtions of Bvrghs.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 129 The bodie of the haill puritan ministeris..of the haill burrowis of Scotland.

1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) IV. 32 There are Three Sorts of Burghs; viz. Burghs Royal Burghs of Regality, and Burghs of Barony.

1786 R. Burns Poems 29 Ye knights an' squires, Wha represent our Brughs an' Shires.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 198 The right of hunting and sporting over the lands of the burgh.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. v. i. 486 In burghs, there is often a separate school for classics.

b. burgh and land: town and country. Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town and country > [noun]

burgh and land1540

1540 D. Lindsay Satyre 1795 Baith in bruch and land.

c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 81 Chargeing all our soueranes liegis alsweill to burgh as to land, regalitie as to royalitie, to address thame to come to Edinburgh.

1634–46 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 74 [The] whole body of this Realme both in brught and land.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 80 I glance like the wildfire through brugh and through land.

1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. ii. 36 Within burgh, and not landward.

2. Used for borough:

a. by Scottish writers in speaking of foreign towns.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun]

boroughc893

towneOE

portOE

city?c1225

bourg1536

burgh1798

voil1821

nagar1921

1798 Anti-Jacobin 9 July 287/1 Till each fair Burgh, numerically free, Shall chuse its Members by the Rule of Three.

1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris App. p. ii The wars of the Normans..made the inhabitants [of Paris] feel the necessity of an enclosure to preserve their burgs from the invasion.

b. as an archaism, either poetic or Historical (see borough n. 6a, burg n.).

ΚΠ

1828 T. Carlyle For. Rev. & Cont. Misc. II. 118 The mere earthly burgh of Stratford-on-Avon.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

burgh-moor n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun] > moor or heath

mooreOE

moorlandeOE

heathOE

fella1400

burgh-moorc1600

rosland1704

heath-land1819

wallum1965

c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 296 Mr. Archibald Grahmes hous..in the burrowmure.

burgh-school n.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > publicly maintained school

free school1500

common school1503

public school1636

state school1806

national school1814

burgh-school1864

board-school1873

provided school1902

council school1908

direct-grant school1945

1864 A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock (ed. 3) 137 Such was the origin of the burgh-school.

1876 J. Grant (title) History of the Burgh and Parish schools of Scotland.

C2.

† burgh-lands n. Obsolete lands in a burgh or held by burgage tenure.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > a legal holding > [noun] > held by burgage

burgage1362

burgh-lands?1507

burgage-land1586

burgage-house1710

borough1715

burgage-tenement1828

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 50 And gottin his biggingis to my barne and hie burrow landis.

†burgh-roods n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > real or immovable property > land > land belonging to a burgh

burgh-roodsc1570

c1570 Leg. Bp. St. Andrews in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 317 Save tua pure aikers of borrow ruddis.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	burgh
释义	burghn. Brit. /ˈbʌrə/, U.S. /bərɡ/, /ˈbəroʊ/, Scottish English /ˈbʌrə/ Forms: Middle English burch, Middle English bwrch, 1500s bruch, brughe, (Scottish) browch, browght, burcht, 1600s bourgh, burrow, brught, 1700s–1800s brugh, 1500s– burgh. Etymology: Variant of borough n.; obsolete in ordinary English use since 17th cent., but continued in Scotland, and now always used instead of borough when a Scottish town is referred to. The form brugh is found in Burns and other writers of rustic dialect. Scottish. 1. a. Originally = borough n.; now restricted to denote a town in Scotland possessing a charter. (The earlier English instances will be found under borough n.; the examples given here are all Scottish.)There are three classes of burghs, viz. royal burghs, the charter of which is derived from the king, burgh of regality and burgh of barony, having their charters respectively from a lord of regality and from a baron. Originally only the royal burghs sent representatives to Parliament. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > borough burrows-townc1175 mayor-town1375 boroughc1380 borough-town1382 burghc1425 corporate town1478 royal burgh1591 county borough1708 municipality1790 Royal Borough1805 county1888 c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. xi. 31 Þe Bwrch of Jerusalem. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 211 In burch I wist weill I suld de. a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 207 Thow held the burch lang with ane borrowit goun. 1566 J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) I. 99 The Commissionaris of browghtis. 1566 J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) I. 431 To command free Browchis to cheise Provestis and officiaris of our nameing. 1597 Acts James VI (1814) 148 (Jam.) To erect ane vniuersitie within the said brughe. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 119 The Lawes and Constitvtions of Bvrghs. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 129 The bodie of the haill puritan ministeris..of the haill burrowis of Scotland. 1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) IV. 32 There are Three Sorts of Burghs; viz. Burghs Royal Burghs of Regality, and Burghs of Barony. 1786 R. Burns Poems 29 Ye knights an' squires, Wha represent our Brughs an' Shires. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 198 The right of hunting and sporting over the lands of the burgh. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. v. i. 486 In burghs, there is often a separate school for classics. b. burgh and land: town and country. Scottish. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town and country > [noun] burgh and land1540 1540 D. Lindsay Satyre 1795 Baith in bruch and land. c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 81 Chargeing all our soueranes liegis alsweill to burgh as to land, regalitie as to royalitie, to address thame to come to Edinburgh. 1634–46 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 74 [The] whole body of this Realme both in brught and land. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 80 I glance like the wildfire through brugh and through land. 1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. ii. 36 Within burgh, and not landward. 2. Used for borough: a. by Scottish writers in speaking of foreign towns. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] boroughc893 towneOE portOE city?c1225 bourg1536 burgh1798 voil1821 nagar1921 1798 Anti-Jacobin 9 July 287/1 Till each fair Burgh, numerically free, Shall chuse its Members by the Rule of Three. 1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris App. p. ii The wars of the Normans..made the inhabitants [of Paris] feel the necessity of an enclosure to preserve their burgs from the invasion. b. as an archaism, either poetic or Historical (see borough n. 6a, burg n.). ΚΠ 1828 T. Carlyle For. Rev. & Cont. Misc. II. 118 The mere earthly burgh of Stratford-on-Avon. Compounds C1. General attributive. burgh-moor n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun] > moor or heath mooreOE moorlandeOE heathOE fella1400 burgh-moorc1600 rosland1704 heath-land1819 wallum1965 c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 296 Mr. Archibald Grahmes hous..in the burrowmure. burgh-school n. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > publicly maintained school free school1500 common school1503 public school1636 state school1806 national school1814 burgh-school1864 board-school1873 provided school1902 council school1908 direct-grant school1945 1864 A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock (ed. 3) 137 Such was the origin of the burgh-school. 1876 J. Grant (title) History of the Burgh and Parish schools of Scotland. C2. † burgh-lands n. Obsolete lands in a burgh or held by burgage tenure. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > a legal holding > [noun] > held by burgage burgage1362 burgh-lands?1507 burgage-land1586 burgage-house1710 borough1715 burgage-tenement1828 ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 50 And gottin his biggingis to my barne and hie burrow landis. †burgh-roods n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > real or immovable property > land > land belonging to a burgh burgh-roodsc1570 c1570 Leg. Bp. St. Andrews in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 317 Save tua pure aikers of borrow ruddis. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1425
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