cheval de frisechevaux de frisen.

/ʃəˈval də ˈfriːz/

/ʃəˈvəʊ də ˈfriːz/

Forms: Also 1600s–1800s cheval de frize, cheval de freize, 1800s cheval de frieze.

Etymology: French; lit. ‘horse (plural horses) of Friesland’; because first employed by the Frisians in their struggles for freedom during the latter half of the 17th century to supply their want of cavalry; compare the Dutch name Vriesse ruyters (Frisian horsemen). In 17th cent. Horse de Freeze occurs.

1. A defensive appliance of war, employed chiefly to check cavalry charges, and stop breaches: see description in the quotations.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > barricade > [noun] > anti-cavalry barrier

turnpikec1420

caltrop1519

harrow1548

chausse-trap1591

swine feather1639

swine's pike1639

crowfoot1678

cheval de frise1688

horse de frise1688

hersillon1704

herse1728

crow's foot1772

trou-de-loup1780

cheval-trap1787

frise1809

spear1823

punji stake (or stick)1849

night-cat1863

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device to trip or obstruct people or horses > [noun] > spec

caltrop1519

cheval de frise1688

ranjau1783

cheval-trap1787

punji1849

trip-wire1916

1688 London Gaz. No. 2375/3 The Count de Serini..posted his men on the other side, and covered them with Chevaux de Frise..fastened together with Chains.

1692 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 520 Numbers of chevaux de frize were shipt, an instrument to fix in the ground to keep off a body of horse from attacking the foot.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Chevaux de Frise, or Friseland Horse, in Fortification.

1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Chevaux de Frise are large Joists, or pieces of Timber, Ten or Twelve Foot in length, with Six Sides into which are driven a great Number of wooden Pins aboue Six Foot long, crossing one another, and having their Ends armed with Iron-Points.

1710 London Gaz. No. 4675/1 The Danes..had planted themselves..behind their Chevaux de Frize.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Cheval de Frise, a large piece of Timber pierc'd, and travers'd with wooden Spikes, arm'd or pointed with Iron, five or six Foot long.

1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) V. 11 I shall be very glad to see the chevaux de frise.

1869 F. Parkman Discov. Great West xiv. 168 Its declivities were..guarded by chevaux-de-frise.

1885 Harper's Mag. Jan. 219/1 The main trunk seems..to stand upon its lower branches like a cheval-de-frise.

2. transferred.

a. A line of spikes or nails similarly fixed along the top of a railing, paling, or wall.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > spikes fitted on top of wall or railing

cheval de frise1802

1802 W. Forsyth Treat. Fruit-trees xxiii. 219 An oak paling..with a cheval-de-frise at top, to prevent people's getting over.

1813 Examiner 26 Apr. 271/2 The top of the wall of the prison, where there is a chevaux de frieze.

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xl. 436 Bounded by a high brick wall, with iron chevaux-de-frise at the top.

1883 Harper's Mag. July 172/2 An unsightly fence with chevaux-de-frise of nails.

b. figurative. Protective lines of spines or hairs in the corolla tube of plants; the eyelashes, teeth, etc.

ΚΠ

1807 Salmagundi 7 Mar. 98 When he laughed, there appeared from ear to ear a chevaux-de-frize of teeth.

1862 Possibilities Creation 182 Is it important that the organ of vision should be protected by a cheval-de-frise of bristle?

1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. iii. 96 Sometimes..flowers are protected by chevaux de frise of spines and fine hairs pointing downwards.

†c. A name for jagged edges of women's dresses and caps in the 18th cent.Chevaux-de-frise is sometimes made a collective singular.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > trimmings or ornamentation > border or edging

purflec1400

edge1502

welt1506

welting1508

pink1512

guard1535

piccadill1607

love1613

edging1664

cheval de frise1753

fly-fringe1860

1753 Songs Costume (1849) 231 Your neck and your shoulder both naked should be, Was it not for Vandyke, blown with chevaux-de-frize.

1759 Apollo or Muses Choice xxvi. 21 Each nymp that one sees, Can teach us the use of the Chevaux de Frize.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	cheval de frise
释义	cheval de frisechevaux de frisen. /ʃəˈval də ˈfriːz//ʃəˈvəʊ də ˈfriːz/ Forms: Also 1600s–1800s cheval de frize, cheval de freize, 1800s cheval de frieze. Etymology: French; lit. ‘horse (plural horses) of Friesland’; because first employed by the Frisians in their struggles for freedom during the latter half of the 17th century to supply their want of cavalry; compare the Dutch name Vriesse ruyters (Frisian horsemen). In 17th cent. Horse de Freeze occurs. 1. A defensive appliance of war, employed chiefly to check cavalry charges, and stop breaches: see description in the quotations. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > barricade > [noun] > anti-cavalry barrier turnpikec1420 caltrop1519 harrow1548 chausse-trap1591 swine feather1639 swine's pike1639 crowfoot1678 cheval de frise1688 horse de frise1688 hersillon1704 herse1728 crow's foot1772 trou-de-loup1780 cheval-trap1787 frise1809 spear1823 punji stake (or stick)1849 night-cat1863 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device to trip or obstruct people or horses > [noun] > spec caltrop1519 cheval de frise1688 ranjau1783 cheval-trap1787 punji1849 trip-wire1916 1688 London Gaz. No. 2375/3 The Count de Serini..posted his men on the other side, and covered them with Chevaux de Frise..fastened together with Chains. 1692 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 520 Numbers of chevaux de frize were shipt, an instrument to fix in the ground to keep off a body of horse from attacking the foot. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Chevaux de Frise, or Friseland Horse, in Fortification. 1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Chevaux de Frise are large Joists, or pieces of Timber, Ten or Twelve Foot in length, with Six Sides into which are driven a great Number of wooden Pins aboue Six Foot long, crossing one another, and having their Ends armed with Iron-Points. 1710 London Gaz. No. 4675/1 The Danes..had planted themselves..behind their Chevaux de Frize. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Cheval de Frise, a large piece of Timber pierc'd, and travers'd with wooden Spikes, arm'd or pointed with Iron, five or six Foot long. 1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) V. 11 I shall be very glad to see the chevaux de frise. 1869 F. Parkman Discov. Great West xiv. 168 Its declivities were..guarded by chevaux-de-frise. 1885 Harper's Mag. Jan. 219/1 The main trunk seems..to stand upon its lower branches like a cheval-de-frise. 2. transferred. a. A line of spikes or nails similarly fixed along the top of a railing, paling, or wall. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > spikes fitted on top of wall or railing cheval de frise1802 1802 W. Forsyth Treat. Fruit-trees xxiii. 219 An oak paling..with a cheval-de-frise at top, to prevent people's getting over. 1813 Examiner 26 Apr. 271/2 The top of the wall of the prison, where there is a chevaux de frieze. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xl. 436 Bounded by a high brick wall, with iron chevaux-de-frise at the top. 1883 Harper's Mag. July 172/2 An unsightly fence with chevaux-de-frise of nails. b. figurative. Protective lines of spines or hairs in the corolla tube of plants; the eyelashes, teeth, etc. ΚΠ 1807 Salmagundi 7 Mar. 98 When he laughed, there appeared from ear to ear a chevaux-de-frize of teeth. 1862 Possibilities Creation 182 Is it important that the organ of vision should be protected by a cheval-de-frise of bristle? 1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. iii. 96 Sometimes..flowers are protected by chevaux de frise of spines and fine hairs pointing downwards. †c. A name for jagged edges of women's dresses and caps in the 18th cent.Chevaux-de-frise is sometimes made a collective singular. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > trimmings or ornamentation > border or edging purflec1400 edge1502 welt1506 welting1508 pink1512 guard1535 piccadill1607 love1613 edging1664 cheval de frise1753 fly-fringe1860 1753 Songs Costume (1849) 231 Your neck and your shoulder both naked should be, Was it not for Vandyke, blown with chevaux-de-frize. 1759 Apollo or Muses Choice xxvi. 21 Each nymp that one sees, Can teach us the use of the Chevaux de Frize. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.1688
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