ventraladj.n.

Brit.

/ˈvɛntr(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˈvɛntrəl/

Etymology: < French ventral (= Spanish ventral, Portuguese ventral, Italian ventrale), or < Latin ventrālis, < venter abdomen.

A. adj.

1. Occurring or taking place in the region of the abdomen; abdominal.

a. Pathology. Of ruptures.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > internal organs > cavities occupied by internal organs > [adjective] > abdomen

cœliacal1615

cœliac1662

alvine1715

ventral1744

intra-abdominal1887

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of abdomen or diaphragm > [adjective]

ventral1744

1744 Philos. Trans. 1740–41 (Royal Soc.) 41 644 In some ventral Ruptures (as they are called) this also may be necessary.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 155/2 Ventral rupture is a protrusion of some of the bowels through the interstices of the abdominal muscles.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 155/2 (margin) Ventral hernia.

1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 160/1 Umbilical and ventral herniæ.

1891 C. W. M. Moullin Surg. 1047 Ventral Hernia, hernia through the linea alba (except at the umbilicus),..or some other part of the abdominal wall that is not usually weak.

b. Of laughter or breathing, or in general use.

ΚΠ

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. xii. 238 He continued at intervals to..shake luxuriously with a silent, ventral laughter.

1860 O. W. Holmes Elsie Venner (1891) 65 A trained rector, who read the service with such ventral depth of utterance.

1892 R. L. Stevenson Vailima Lett. (1895) 197 His breathing seemed wholly ventral: the bust still, the belly moving strongly.

2. Anatomy and Zoology. Of, pertaining to, situated in or on, the abdomen; abdominal.

a. In ventral fin. (Cf. B. 1.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > fin or parts of fin > ventral

ventral fin1752

ventral1834

abdominal1838

the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > parts of > (types of) fin

finc1000

back-fin?c1225

ventral fin1752

pectoral?a1808

ventral1834

subdorsal1856

pinna1890

1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 242 The ventral fins are connected in a remarkable manner together.

1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 34^* The ventral fins placed behind the pectoral fins, as in the Minow.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xii. 253 The pectoral, and more particularly the ventral fins, serve to raise and depress the fish.

1862 T. H. Huxley On Knowl. Causes Phenomena Org. Nature 23 [In] the Codfish.. you have the hinder limbs restored in the shape of these ventral fins.

b. In general use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > belly or abdomen > [adjective]

bellied?c1475

abdominal1650

ventral1817

belly-like1849

ventrinea1859

1817 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. II. xxii. 290 By the assistance of their mandibles,..and also of several dorsal and ventral tubercles.

1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. I. 86 Mammæ six, two pectoral and four ventral.

1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. I 26 What is the proper relation of the ventral pieces of the Carapax?

1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) i. 6 Nearer the dorsal (or back) than the ventral (or front) aspect of the body.

c. ventral cord n. (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > ventral cord

ventral cord1874

1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. i. ii. 52 The longitudinal gangliated chain of Articulated animals is often distinguished as the ventral cord.

1880 H. C. Bastian Brain 91 The double ventral cord has a fibrous structure along its upper surface, whilst below there is an irregular stratum of ganglion cells.

3. Botany. Of or belonging to the anterior or lower surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > (defined by) distribution, arrangement, or position > [adjective] > of surface position

ventral1832

abaxial1835

adaxial1835

1832 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. 144 These edges often appear in the carpellum like two sutures, of which..that which corresponds to the united margins is named the ventral suture.

1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 114 Fragaria:..styles ventral.

1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) i. vii. 89 The inner angle of each carpel..answers to the line of union of its infolded edges. This line is called the ventral suture.

1875 C. Darwin Insectivorous Plants xvii. 398 The lower side where the foot stalk arises is nearly straight and I have called it the ventral surface.

4. ventral segment n. in Acoustics: (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > science of sound > vibration > [noun] > vibrating part

ventral segmenta1830

segment1863

a1830 J. F. W. Herschel Sound in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) IV. 782 Such points of rest are called nodes or nodal points, the intermediate portions [of a cord] which vibrate are termed bellies or ventral segments.

1873 W. Lees Acoustics i. iii. 24 The direct and reflective pulses..divide the string into a series of vibrating parts, called ventral segments.

5. quasi-adv.= ventrally adv. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > positions or directions in body > [adverb] > specific

upwardsc1400

posteriorly1598

centrad1803

dextrad1803

distad1803

peripherad1803

proximad1803

sinistrad1803

atlantad1825

rostrad1831

mesially1849

ventrad1849

peripherally1852

posterolaterally1857

rostrally1863

distally1870

medianly1870

ventrally1870

postaxially1873

preaxially1873

posteroventrally1877

proximally1878

mesad1881

lateralwards1882

ventralwards1883

preaxiad1888

mesally1890

anteriad1891

haemad1891

postaxiad1892

lateralward1895

sagittally1895

ventral1899

posteriad1902

ipsilaterally1950

midsagittally1960

ventromedially1960

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > belly or abdomen > [adverb]

ventrally1870

ventral1899

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 807 Structures which respectively lie ventral and lateral.

B. n.

1. A ventral fin; one of the fins corresponding to the hind legs of quadrupeds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > fin or parts of fin > ventral

ventral fin1752

ventral1834

abdominal1838

the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > parts of > (types of) fin

finc1000

back-fin?c1225

ventral fin1752

pectoral?a1808

ventral1834

subdorsal1856

pinna1890

1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 217 The anal..seems to be continued forwards by the ventrals.

1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 186 The ventrals are situated near the vent.

1875 C. C. Blake Zoology 202 The pectoral fins are distant from the head, and not produced to the ventrals.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

2. Entomology. One or other of the segments of the abdomen, esp. in Coleoptera. (1891 in Cent. Dict.)

Draft additions 1993

5. Aeronautics. Situated in the belly or beneath the fuselage of an aircraft.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [adjective] > away from the fuselage > in belly or beneath fuselage

ventral1942

1942 Aircraft of Fighting Powers III. 61/2 The ventral gun position has been much improved compared with the rather crude design fitted on the SB-3 precision bombers.

1950 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) i. 40 Ventral tank.

1969 K. Munson Pioneer Aircraft 1903–14 67 Deperdussin Type B military single-seater, 1911... Covering: aluminium (cowling), plywood (cockpit floor and ventral fairing).

1977 R.A.F. Yearbk. 8/2 Ventral weapons bay accommodating homing torpedoes, mines, depth charges, [etc.].

1990 FineScale Modeler Feb. 40/1 I fashioned the two ventral strakes from .020″ styrene.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	ventral
释义	ventraladj.n. Brit. /ˈvɛntr(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈvɛntrəl/ Etymology: < French ventral (= Spanish ventral, Portuguese ventral, Italian ventrale), or < Latin ventrālis, < venter abdomen. A. adj. 1. Occurring or taking place in the region of the abdomen; abdominal. a. Pathology. Of ruptures. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > internal organs > cavities occupied by internal organs > [adjective] > abdomen cœliacal1615 cœliac1662 alvine1715 ventral1744 intra-abdominal1887 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of abdomen or diaphragm > [adjective] ventral1744 1744 Philos. Trans. 1740–41 (Royal Soc.) 41 644 In some ventral Ruptures (as they are called) this also may be necessary. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 155/2 Ventral rupture is a protrusion of some of the bowels through the interstices of the abdominal muscles. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 155/2 (margin) Ventral hernia. 1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 160/1 Umbilical and ventral herniæ. 1891 C. W. M. Moullin Surg. 1047 Ventral Hernia, hernia through the linea alba (except at the umbilicus),..or some other part of the abdominal wall that is not usually weak. b. Of laughter or breathing, or in general use. ΚΠ 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. xii. 238 He continued at intervals to..shake luxuriously with a silent, ventral laughter. 1860 O. W. Holmes Elsie Venner (1891) 65 A trained rector, who read the service with such ventral depth of utterance. 1892 R. L. Stevenson Vailima Lett. (1895) 197 His breathing seemed wholly ventral: the bust still, the belly moving strongly. 2. Anatomy and Zoology. Of, pertaining to, situated in or on, the abdomen; abdominal. a. In ventral fin. (Cf. B. 1.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > fin or parts of fin > ventral ventral fin1752 ventral1834 abdominal1838 the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > parts of > (types of) fin finc1000 back-fin?c1225 ventral fin1752 pectoral?a1808 ventral1834 subdorsal1856 pinna1890 1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 242 The ventral fins are connected in a remarkable manner together. 1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 34^* The ventral fins placed behind the pectoral fins, as in the Minow. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xii. 253 The pectoral, and more particularly the ventral fins, serve to raise and depress the fish. 1862 T. H. Huxley On Knowl. Causes Phenomena Org. Nature 23 [In] the Codfish.. you have the hinder limbs restored in the shape of these ventral fins. b. In general use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > belly or abdomen > [adjective] bellied?c1475 abdominal1650 ventral1817 belly-like1849 ventrinea1859 1817 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. II. xxii. 290 By the assistance of their mandibles,..and also of several dorsal and ventral tubercles. 1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. I. 86 Mammæ six, two pectoral and four ventral. 1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. I 26 What is the proper relation of the ventral pieces of the Carapax? 1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) i. 6 Nearer the dorsal (or back) than the ventral (or front) aspect of the body. c. ventral cord n. (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > ventral cord ventral cord1874 1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. i. ii. 52 The longitudinal gangliated chain of Articulated animals is often distinguished as the ventral cord. 1880 H. C. Bastian Brain 91 The double ventral cord has a fibrous structure along its upper surface, whilst below there is an irregular stratum of ganglion cells. 3. Botany. Of or belonging to the anterior or lower surface. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > (defined by) distribution, arrangement, or position > [adjective] > of surface position ventral1832 abaxial1835 adaxial1835 1832 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. 144 These edges often appear in the carpellum like two sutures, of which..that which corresponds to the united margins is named the ventral suture. 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 114 Fragaria:..styles ventral. 1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) i. vii. 89 The inner angle of each carpel..answers to the line of union of its infolded edges. This line is called the ventral suture. 1875 C. Darwin Insectivorous Plants xvii. 398 The lower side where the foot stalk arises is nearly straight and I have called it the ventral surface. 4. ventral segment n. in Acoustics: (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > science of sound > vibration > [noun] > vibrating part ventral segmenta1830 segment1863 a1830 J. F. W. Herschel Sound in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) IV. 782 Such points of rest are called nodes or nodal points, the intermediate portions [of a cord] which vibrate are termed bellies or ventral segments. 1873 W. Lees Acoustics i. iii. 24 The direct and reflective pulses..divide the string into a series of vibrating parts, called ventral segments. 5. quasi-adv.= ventrally adv. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > positions or directions in body > [adverb] > specific upwardsc1400 posteriorly1598 centrad1803 dextrad1803 distad1803 peripherad1803 proximad1803 sinistrad1803 atlantad1825 rostrad1831 mesially1849 ventrad1849 peripherally1852 posterolaterally1857 rostrally1863 distally1870 medianly1870 ventrally1870 postaxially1873 preaxially1873 posteroventrally1877 proximally1878 mesad1881 lateralwards1882 ventralwards1883 preaxiad1888 mesally1890 anteriad1891 haemad1891 postaxiad1892 lateralward1895 sagittally1895 ventral1899 posteriad1902 ipsilaterally1950 midsagittally1960 ventromedially1960 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > belly or abdomen > [adverb] ventrally1870 ventral1899 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 807 Structures which respectively lie ventral and lateral. B. n. 1. A ventral fin; one of the fins corresponding to the hind legs of quadrupeds. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > fin or parts of fin > ventral ventral fin1752 ventral1834 abdominal1838 the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > parts of > (types of) fin finc1000 back-fin?c1225 ventral fin1752 pectoral?a1808 ventral1834 subdorsal1856 pinna1890 1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 217 The anal..seems to be continued forwards by the ventrals. 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 186 The ventrals are situated near the vent. 1875 C. C. Blake Zoology 202 The pectoral fins are distant from the head, and not produced to the ventrals. Thesaurus » Categories » 2. Entomology. One or other of the segments of the abdomen, esp. in Coleoptera. (1891 in Cent. Dict.) Draft additions 1993 5. Aeronautics. Situated in the belly or beneath the fuselage of an aircraft. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [adjective] > away from the fuselage > in belly or beneath fuselage ventral1942 1942 Aircraft of Fighting Powers III. 61/2 The ventral gun position has been much improved compared with the rather crude design fitted on the SB-3 precision bombers. 1950 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) i. 40 Ventral tank. 1969 K. Munson Pioneer Aircraft 1903–14 67 Deperdussin Type B military single-seater, 1911... Covering: aluminium (cowling), plywood (cockpit floor and ventral fairing). 1977 R.A.F. Yearbk. 8/2 Ventral weapons bay accommodating homing torpedoes, mines, depth charges, [etc.]. 1990 FineScale Modeler Feb. 40/1 I fashioned the two ventral strakes from .020″ styrene. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1744
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