vehementadj.adv.

Brit.

/ˈviːᵻm(ə)nt/,

/ˈviːhᵻm(ə)nt/, U.S.

/ˈviəmənt/,

/ˈvihəmənt/

Forms: late Middle English– vehement, late Middle English–1500s vehemente, 1500s vehment, 1500s–1600s uehement; also Scottish pre-1700 viement, pre-1700 veament, pre-1700 vihement, pre-1700 wehement.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French vehement; Latin vehement-, vehemēns.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French vehement (French véhément ) (of a natural force) operating with great strength or violence (c1200 in Old French; originally of wind), (of a sensation or sentiment) powerful (late 14th cent.), (of suspicion, presumption, or likelihood) very strong (late 14th cent.), (of reasons, arguments, proof) cogent, convincing (beginning of the 15th cent.), (of remedies) efficacious (1426), (of a person) passionate (second half of the 15th cent.), (of heat or cold) intense, severe (end of the 15th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin vehement-, vehemēns (also vēmēns) (of natural phenomena) exerting great force, violent, (of people or actions) violent, energetic, vigorous, strong, (of heat or cold) fierce, intense, (of sound) noisy, (of taste or flavour) strong, (of illness or pain) severe, strenuous, forceful, (of speech or writing) strongly expressive, imperious, (of feelings or arguments) powerful, prone to violent extremes of conduct, probably < vehere to carry, convey (see vehicle n.).It has been suggested that classical Latin vēmēns is the older form and derives from vē- lacking, wanting (compare e.g. vēcors foolish) + mēns mind (see i-mind n.), altered to vehemēns under the influence of vehere , but this is not supported by the semantic evidence. Most of the senses involve some idea of movement, rather than insanity. Compare Spanish vehemente (late 15th cent.), Portuguese veemente (late 16th cent. as vehemente ), Italian veemente (a1535). With the use as adverb compare earlier vehemently adv. With the pronunciation compare discussion at vehicle n.

A. adj.

I. Uses relating to physical sensation or action.

a. Of pain, illness, etc.: severe; intense; virulent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > violent or severe

grimc900

strongeOE

grievousc1290

burning1393

acutea1398

maliciousa1398

peracutea1398

sorea1400

wicked14..

malign?a1425

vehement?a1425

malignousc1475

angrya1500

cacoethe?1541

eager?1543

virulent1563

malignant1568

raging1590

roaring1590

furious1597

grassant1601

hearty1601

sharp1607

main1627

generous1632

perperacute1647

serious1655

ferine1666

bad1705

severe1725

unfavourable1782

grave1888

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 103^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) Þe canker is a vehement enpostume..of two maneres..vlcerate &..not vlcerate.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. cclxxiii^v/1 His payne was soo grete and vehement that he had lost his speche.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. iii. f. 102^v Vaschus..fell into a vehement feuer by reason of excesse of labour.

1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 39 It doeth also cease vehement dolour and payne.

1610 E. Gardiner Triall of Tabacco f. 30^v When through an intollerable and vehement paine of the head, there is danger feared of an apoplexie, epilepsie, blindnesse, or the like.

1653 W. Ramesey Astrologia Restaurata 325 [A] Comet..signifieth..vehement sicknesses.

1725 N. Robinson New Theory of Physick 268 I order'd the following Mixture to be externally apply'd to his Side..while his Pain was very vehement.

1790 J. Trapp tr. J. Lavallée Negro II. 178 This reflection..reduced me to the most alarming state; not by vehement sickness, but by a profound melancholy.

1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 96 Vehement erysipelatous or irritative inflammation took place.

1859 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Mar. 191/1 The symptoms of gastric spasm are characterised by vehement excruciating pain and a feeling of constriction at the epigastrium.

1922 F. J. Rebman tr. N. Ortner Generalized Pain 25 The stomach is frequently the source of sudden, vehement pains in the cardiac region.

1977 Jrnl. Social Hist. 10 456 The nature of disease was a decisive element here, that is, whether the illness was short and vehement or protracted and difficult to cure.

2009 S. Pender in J. F. van Dijkhuizen & K. A. E. Enenkel Sense of Suffering 483 The vehement pain that saints embrace.

b. Of heat, (formerly) cold, etc.: intense; strong. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > severe or violent (of weather or elements)

retheeOE

strongOE

stithc1100

snella1400

woodc1400

outrage?a1425

violentc1425

sternc1449

strainable1497

rigorous1513

stalwart1528

vehement1528

sore1535

sturdy1569

robustious1632

severe1676

beating1702

shaving1789

snorting1819

wroth1852

wrathy1872

snapping1876

vicious1882

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [adjective] > violent (of fire)

bremec1374

violentc1425

vehement1528

severe1648

1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. S.iij^v All frutes, that come to any swetenes, haue fyrste a talage pontike, of a vehement coldnes.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxii. f. 42 Hygh trees..dyd cast..a pleasant..shadowe, and defended them..from the vehement heat of the sunne beames.

1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions i. vii. f. 49 The fier is vehementer and the hearth is of heate sometime extreme, sometime more soft & mylde.

1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) vii. sig. R3^v The Snow..causeth them presently to fall, and with his vehement cold to rise no more.

1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 320 Salt of Tartar requires a vehement fire to flux it.

1742 Merlinus Liberatus sig. A3 1435, A vehement Frost, all Food came to London by Land.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. 564 The action of the Sun would there have been too vehement.

1826 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts 11 70 The vehement heat..produced by anthracitic or charcoal fires.

1879 R. L. Stevenson Trav. with Donkey 30 It was blazing hot up the valley, windless, with vehement sun upon my shoulders.

1919 F. Swinnerton September i. i. 13 The country..was slipping gently into coolness after the vehement heat of the late June sunshine.

1947 N.Y. Times 1 Aug. 21/1 Theatre '47 of Dallas is settling down amid the vehement heat to a fortnight of repertory in the mercifully air-conditioned Gulf Oil Theatre.

a. Of a natural force: operating with great strength or violence; esp. (of wind) blowing very strongly or violently.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > strong

strongeOE

stiffc1290

sternc1374

wrothc1400

vehement1483

strainable1497

freshc1515

stout1533

bloysterous?1570

ruffing1577

boisterous?1594

lofty1600

chafing1762

blustery1774

smacking1820

snoring1822

spanking1849

gale force1902

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. lxxiiij/2^v Sodenly cam a vehemente wynde fro the regyon of deserte and smote the iiij corners of the hows.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. ii. sig. Avii^v The bees may issue out of theyr stalles without peryll of rayne, or vehement wynde.

1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors iii. f. 30 When the lightenyng is not vehement.

1579 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. III. 242 Aganis sa suddane and viement ane storm.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 832 The Land..would be violently hot, if a fresh easterly breeze did not coole it with vehement breath in the heat of the day.

1625 J. Mede Let. 17 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 196 The barge-windows, notwithstanding the vehement shower, were open.

1696 tr. G. Croese Gen. Hist. Quakers iii. 153 But a vehement storm suddenly rising the poor women were taken out of the Boat.

1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. v. 299 The succeeding vehement Deluges of Rain rendered their Incampment superlatively comfortless.

1788 Times 22 Sept. Driven by the vehement wind, with what dreadful impunity does the..shower fall?

1840 R. H. Barham Look at Clock in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 60 Like a Weather-cock whirl'd by a vehement puff, David turn'd himself round.

1892 N. F. Davin Homes for Millions 12 Vehement storms and the blizzard occasionally burst upon the country in summer and winter.

1920 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Apr. 209/3 Severn floods are not merely deep and wide, but vehement.

1935 Times 18 Sept. 11/4 In the holiday season vehement gales are at least uncommon.

1998 Jrnl. Baltic Stud. 29 327 A sudden and vehement storm overtakes them.

b. More generally, of any physical phenomenon: strong and rapid. Now rare.For uses relating to personal action or effort, see sense A. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > [adjective] > moving with impetuous speed or headlong

ranka1250

whirling1382

hurlingc1400

whithering1513

headling?1518

vehement1528

heady1562

headlongc1565

precipitant1649

precipitate1654

torrent1667

precipitous1681

tearing1765

torrentuous1840

whirlwind1865

torrential1877

Gadarene1895

rocketing1952

1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. Y.iij Therby chanceth vehement motion of the naturall aire, beynge in the organ of the herynge.

?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. E. ij^v, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens Yf there be all redy vehement pulsacyon, in such wyse that there is no more hope of the curacyon of the sayd partyes without suppuracyon.

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iv. iii. 177 They which haue this feuer, their pulse is verie great, vehement, quicke, frequent and equall.

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician vi. 230/1 When the Fever is in the increase, if the bloud be too effervescent, and distend the Vessels much, with a strong and vehement Pulse,..let Bleeding be repeated again.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 317 Violent Sweats proceed from a Laxity of the Vessels, and too vehement a Circulation of the Blood.

1785 R. Henry Hist. Great Brit. V. vi. 411 Its symptoms were alarming from the first moment, such as, burning heat, excessive sickness,..vehement pulse, and labouring breath.

1828 Leicester Chron. 16 Aug. Further excitements convert the force of heat into light, or vehement propulsion of the atoms which fill space.

1847 Mechanics' Mag. 16 Oct. 377/2 We are justified in concluding that the substance is still in motion, and not only so but in much more vehement motion.

1907 Med. Brief Mar. 167/1 Pneumonia has a frequent, large, vehement pulse, with well-marked dicrotism.

1966 R. B. Amber & A. M. Babey-Brooke Pulse in Occident & Orient viii. 153 P[ulse] is rapid and sometimes feeble and at other times vehement.

c. Of sound: extremely loud.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [adjective] > too or extremely

roaringOE

violenta1398

vehement1545

fouldering1590

sundering1624

screaming1847

1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel f. 171^v The voyce of his wordis as it were the vehement noyse of a multitude.

1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall v. 52 We found that a Bladder..being approach'd nearer to the Fire, suddenly broke with so loud and vehement a noise, as stony'd those that were by.

1681 J. Browne Compl. Treat. Muscles 26 When a very vehement sound doth approach the Ears, this Muscle doth remit its great noise.

1752 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 415 The two Gunnings, who have made so vehement a noise.

1792 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina (new ed.) ii. x. 270 That remarkable vehement noise, so frequently observed in forests in the heat of summer and autumn..which is, probably, caused by a very sable, small insect of the genus cicadae.

1860 Derby Mercury 18 July 6/6 He..was received with cries of ‘go home’, cat calls,..and vehement noise.

1904 F. E. Pargiter tr. Mārkandeya Purāna cxvi. 607 The prince made his bow-string sound with an exceedingly vehement sound.

2004 P. Lopate Waterfront (2005) viii. 128 Blue choppers take off and land, generating an astonishingly vehement noise.

a. Strong or pungent in flavour or odour. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [adjective] > pungent

sharpc1000

hotc1175

poignantc1387

keen1398

angryc1400

eager?c1400

tartc1405

argutec1420

mordicative?a1425

mordificative?a1425

piperinea1425

pungitive?a1425

pikea1475

vehement1490

oversharpa1500

over-stronga1500

penetrating?1576

penetrative1578

quick1578

piercing1593

exalted1594

mordicant1603

acute1620

toothed1628

pungent1644

piquant1645

tartarous1655

mordacious1657

piperate1683

peppery1684

tartish1712

hyperoxide1816

snell1835

mordanta1845

shrill1864

piperitious1890

1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos v. sig. Bvi^v By the vehemente odour and swete smelle of the same tree maye surmounte the infecte odour of the caroynes of the dede bodyes.

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 408 Many..hang the herb called Sclarea, in wyne, the flowers with the leeues: whose sauour is vehement & not vnpleasant.

1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. Introd. 42 Being in shape somewhat like to the Millet of Italy, but of a most vehement and firy tast.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 37 The leaues of Vitex, Bitumen,..and all other things that haue a strong or vehement ill sauour.

1725 P. Shaw Philos. Wks. R. Boyle III. 742/1 Silver... Made to give a vehement taste.

1848 T. Redwood Gray's Suppl. Pharmacop. (ed. 2) 489 The seeds are said..to have none of the vehement, hot, acrid taste of Grains of paradise.

1922 A. L. Poole Feudalism in Cambr. Medieval Hist. III. ix. 214 When we entered into it [sc. the tomb], we perceived a vehement savour.

1944 Farmers' Gaz. 29 Apr. 209/1 Pliny tells us that it [sc. ammonia] had a very vehement odour.

b. Of colour, light, etc.: vivid; intensely bright. Now chiefly of colour, often in the context of art.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > intensity of light > [adjective] > brilliant or resplendent

flaming?a1400

livelyc1425

resplendent?1440

resplendant?1473

resplendishant?1473

fulgent?a1475

resplendishing1479

splendiferousa1500

vehement1528

preclarec1550

profulgent1561

prelucent1568

splendicant1592

full1599

resplending1600

splendorous1604

splendious1609

splendid1634

flammeous1646

vivid1665

brilliant1681

effulgent1737

fulgorous1772

spandy-bright1968

1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. Y.iij^v To loke agaynst the sonne: and that is through the vehement splendour and bryghtenes therof: wherby the syghte is distroyed.

?1562 W. Ward tr. R. Roussat Most Excellent Bk. Doctour & Astrologien Arcandam sig. P.vi You muste note that as muche as the colours are moore vehement, the moore efficatie they haue.

1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi v. §2. 137 These colours in some rain-bows are more vehement or apparent.

1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 173 Preserving the Eye from being injured by too vehement and lucid an Object.

1867 Bangor (Maine) Daily Whig & Courier 3 May Gas is but a poor thing by the side of this new, vehement electric light.

1893 Art Critic 1 18/2 The sun has set in vehement red and orange colors.

1989 M. Hudson Our Grandmothers' Drums (1990) xii. 225 That year they came in brilliant electric colours—scarlet and black, a vehement pink, cobalt violet, [etc.].

2004 New Statesman (Nexis) 4 Oct. A decision to turn Seurat's river vehement orange is equally provocative.

c. Of a medication or treatment: having a powerful effect upon the body. rare after 17th cent. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [adjective] > relating to powers or effects of drugs > powerful or vigorous

vehement?1541

rough1598

generous1632

effrenate1657

effrenous1657

drastica1691

Herculean1755

?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Eiiij, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens All the body muste be emptyed..or that any partye be take subiecte to the stronge and vehement remedyes [Fr. fors et vehemens remedes].

1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. 5^v, in Bulwarke of Defence The longe Onion is more vehementer then the rounde, and the Redde more then the white.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 691 The gall of swine is not verye vehement.

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 240 In the beginning ouer vehement warmings are to be auoided.

1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 96 The juyce of wild Cucumber is not so vehement as they commonly report.

1738 W. Barrowby tr. Fabricius ab Aquapendente in tr. J. Astruc Treat. Fistula Anus 50 The most vehement Detersives; the most vehement Caustics.

1887 C. Bartlett & S. Lilienthal Farrington's Clin. Materia Medica ii. 30 If he is vehement or excitable, recourse must be had to a vehement remedy like Nux vomica or Bufo.

1943 Ciba Symp. 4 1448/2 He [sc. Rivière] also recommends syrup of tobacco for the cure of epilepsy, provided that a wise physician administers the vehement remedy.

4. Of personal action: characterized by great physical exertion or effort; performed with unusual force or violence; vigorous; strenuous, effortful. Also in extended use with reference to other forms of personal exertion or effort.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective] > carried on violently

stithc1000

strongOE

starkOE

storlicc1275

stourc1275

sharpc1381

stalwartc1420

sturdya1450

sorea1500

vehement1531

shrewd1576

perperacute1647

furied1878

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective] > characterized by unusual violence or force

ketea1290

worthyc1350

violenta1387

stronga1398

dreicha1400

forciblec1422

strainable1497

vehement1531

forceful1592

wieldy1592

virulent1607

forcive1634

ass-kicking1977

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xvi. sig. Hvi By exercise, whiche is a vehement motion,..the helthe of man is preserued, and his strength increased.

1574 T. Newton tr. G. Gratarolo Direct. Health Magistrates & Studentes 6 Those persons..may use vehementer exercise and stronger ambulations.

1598 L. A. tr. G. Fernandez Honour of Chiualrie vii. 40 With such vehement rigour hee assaulted his foes, that his men regained their lost aduantage.

1683 N. Crouch Strange Relig., Customs & Manners Sundry Nations 143 In that place was a sore and vehement Fight, and much People slain on both sides.

1728 P. Shaw New Pract. Physic (ed. 2) I. 199 Jaundice..happens after hard drinking or vehement exercise.

1761 S. Johnson Idler I. 6 These vehement exertions of intellect cannot be frequent.

1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 191 At the close of each stanza a hearty roar, and a vehement thrumming on the table.

1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. v. 117 The woman was making a vehement effort to speak in her natural voice.

1921 E. Scott Dancing for Strength & Beauty vi. 86 Unnecessarily vehement gesticulation should be carefully avoided.

1967 E. A. Gollschewsky in Coast to Coast 1965–6 87 The vehement nose-blowing..that marked her progress from room to room.

2000 G. Greeno Farthest Seeking 225 A vehement kick at the snow.

II. Uses relating to thought, feeling, abstract concepts, etc.

a. Originally Scottish. Of suspicion, presumption, or likelihood: very strong. Cf. violent adj. 11. Chiefly archaic and historical in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective]

hardOE

heavyc1000

highOE

highlyOE

stourc1275

largec1330

intensec1400

violent1430

profoundc1450

vehementc1485

intensive1526

advanceda1533

vengeable1532

Herculean1602

well-advanced1602

deep1605

dense1732

abysmal1817

intensitive1835

holy1837

high-level1860

major1942

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 244 Be presumpcioun vehement, and jneuitable.

1516 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) A1516/7/1 All lawis excludis the said governor fra administracioun and governance for suspicioun, vehement and violent.

1565 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 208 The Quenes howsbande beinge entred into a vehement suspicion of David.

1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. D3^v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Notwithstanding all these vehement likelihoodes yet will I not condemne you, till I see how you will confute me.

1648 Mercurius Pacificus 7 What did at first foment and fuellize these our weakly grounded Wars, but vehement and strong suspitions, and unquenchable..jealousies betwixt King and Parliament?

1694 P. Falle Acct. Isle of Jersey iii. 98 He has Power..to arrest and imprison any Inhabitant upon vehement Suspicion of Treason.

1788 T. Harwood Noble Slave i. 11 Ev'ry word Fell like enchanting sorcery upon me, And mov'd my soul to vehement suspicion.

1811 R. Southey in Life A. Bell (1844) II. 644 Mrs. Trimmer's book..I much wish to see, having a vehement suspicion that some parts of it have been misrepresented.

1891 Leeds Mercury 1 Aug. 12/1 A man was brought up at the Thames Police-court on a vehement suspicion of pocket-picking.

1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Sept. 1/4 This little State, which had been under vehement suspicion of being no more than a bad copy of France.

2010 Renaissance Q. 63 1364 Their condemnation of Galileo on vehement suspicion of heresy.

b. Of proof, evidence, etc.: powerfully convincing; strong, forcible, cogent. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > [adjective] > strong, convincing

strongc1405

substantial1419

pregnant?a1475

pregnablea1500

vehement1530

pungent1619

stringent1653

1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. Prol. There is not a better, vehementer or myghtyer thinge to make a man vnderstond..then an allegory.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 33 And these vehement demonstrations twice repeted suffer it to be drawen no other where but to Christ.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 61 The valliantnesse, constancie, and sobernesse of your person, then which nothing can be more vehement and patheticall.

1731 S. Chandler tr. P. van Limborch Hist. Inquisition II. 215 When these Proofs are vehement or sufficient for the Torture, it is left for the Judge to determine.

1826 Ladies' Monthly Museum May 279 Theodore and Armand..had been hastily condemned, on the vehement evidence of the father of the deceased.

1878 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 314 Mr Macfie..comes forward with most vehement evidence as an enemy of copyright.

1904 W. G. Nash Rio Tinto Mine iv. 136 Vehement proof of the interest taken in this locality so far back.

1950 Lowell (Mass.) Sunday Sun 12 Nov. 7/1 Usually trite statistics give vehement proof of the value of the antigen in combatting the disease.

6. Of a thought, emotion, etc.: extremely strong, intense, or deep; fervent, ardent, passionate.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > passion > [adjective]

fieryc1325

sorec1449

vehementa1492

fired1561

passionate1567

vivid1853

the mind > emotion > violent emotion > [adjective]

violentc1475

vehementa1492

frantic?1531

vehement1548

fierce1611

wilda1616

transportive1622

the mind > emotion > passion > [adjective] > subject to passion or strong emotion

passionate?a1425

passionablec1475

vehementa1492

affectionate1534

red-hot1593

salamandry1610

hot-bloodeda1616

salamandrous1711

warm-blooded1831

passionful1842

brimstony1885

the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [adjective]

reighOE

grima1000

vehementa1492

vehement1548

teeth-grinding1642

sulphury1657

tearing1692

Gothic1695

teeth-gnashinga1711

storming1905

a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) iii. xxxii. f. cccxxvi^v/2 I byleue..that god hath not sente to the this passyon so stronge and so vehemente, yf thou haddest not blasphemed in some wyse hym or his sayntes.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. OOOiii Meditacion is a vehement or a howge gostly applicacion of the mynde.

1534 Prymer in Eng. sig. J.vi Y^e vehement wrath and ryghtuouse punyshment of god..is no fayned trifle.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxxviij The Phisitions..iudged by & by the disase to come of a vehement thought.

1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 8 It is a salutation or greeting full of vehement and hartie good wil.

1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) v. §3. 177 The vehementer passion venteth forth the liuelier action.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. vi. 27 Weeping..is caused by such accidents, as suddenly take away some vehement hope.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 73. ¶5 The Passion for Praise, which is so very vehement in the fair Sex.

1784 G. Stuart tr. J. L. De Lolme Constit. Eng. (new ed.) Advt. p. xv Influenced by vehement prepossessions.

1812 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Paradiso v. 107 Vehement desire Possess'd me.

1846 H. Rogers in Edinb. Rev. July 12 Leibnitz..began to tell his beads with vehement devotion.

1878 Alden (Iowa) Times 18 Oct. Sometimes his anger was so vehement that all about him were alarmed for him.

1907 F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (ed. 2 reissued) I. 62 The Queen's vehement partisanship.

1937 E. L. Masters Whitman xv. 269 He denounced all war with vehement hatred.

1965 P. Radcliffe Beethoven's String Quartets iv. 49 The tremendously vehement emotion that is expressed in some of the works of Beethoven's second period.

2008 Irish Examiner (Nexis) 22 Mar. He accepts Chen's pro-independence policies in principle, but without the vehement enthusiasm of the outgoing leader.

7. Of an utterance, passage of writing, etc.: very forcibly or passionately expressed or delivered; that is an expression or indication of strong feeling, perturbation, or excitement.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [adjective] > vehement

violent?1518

vehement1529

loud1530

flame-coloured1598

saltpetre1598

dithyrambic1608

fired1725

1529 T. More Dyaloge Dyuers Maters iv. xi. f. cxi/1 As grete and vehement as the wordys be, yet do they playnely proue that the apostle sheweth, y^t fayth may be wythout cheryte.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clxxvj^v Aboute this time came forth..a boke of Martin Luthers very vehement.

1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. B1^v Sharpely to solicit, With vehement sute the king in my behalfe.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 299 In that remarkeable, and vehement place, where he expostulates thus with them.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1683 (1955) IV. 303 He died by the rupture of a Veine in a vehement speech he made about the Compositions.

1735 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. III. 435 That lively and vehement eloquence, which rushes along like a torrent.

1796 W. Woodfall et al. Impartial Rep. Deb. 1st Session 18th Parl. III. 322 They hear the very man who received and put into his pocket the money make a loud, a vehement speech in this House against bribery.

1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece II. xi. 80 The Corinthian deputy Sosicles, in vehement language, remonstrated with the Spartans on their inconsistency.

1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years II. 92 He..replies with the most vehement protestations of gratitude and fidelity.

1911 Amer. Hist. Rev. 16 227 Even more vehement were the words of Jackson in 1837.

1957 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples III. viii There was vehement appeal to national prejudices and sentiments.

2014 Sunday Times (Nexis) 17 Aug. 9 He immediately issued a vehement denial of the allegation.

8. Of a person, a person's character, etc.: acting, or tending to act, in a manner displaying passion or excitement; having very strong feelings about something; passionate.

ΚΠ

?1535 F. Bigod Treat. Impropriations sig. B iv Se you nat here howe vehemente Paule is, in this that he wolde haue the precher to be honestly founde?

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxix^v I confesse to haue bene more vehement then became me.

1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. x. 194 Vehement therefore and zealous must we bee for the house of God.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Ezek. xxxviii. 15 Thou and manie peoples with thee,..a great companie, and a vehement armie.

a1691 H. Maurice Impartial Acct. J. Mason (1695) 23 He was..dead to Affronts, and deaf to Reproaches, and blind to Injuries, but a vehement Man in God's Cause.

1744 B. Lynch Guide to Health i. iii. 33 He was a severe and vehement Man against Vice and Luxury, and a Contemner of Riches.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. xv. 254 Summon thy crew on board, Ere my arrival notice give of thine To the old King; for vehement I know His temper.

1834 G. P. R. James John Marston Hall I. ix. 83 My nature was too quick and vehement to take pleasure in vice without passion.

1858 A. H. Clough Amours de Voyage in Atlantic Monthly Mar. 542 For the woman..Ever prefers the audacious, the wilful, the vehement hero.

1929 L. W. Reese Victorian Village 138 He went his shrill way, fluent about his words, sharp with his change, a vehement, crisp creature.

1967 N.Y. Times 16 July e12/3 Secretary McNamara..is vehement about the need to spend more money for such programs.

2006 Daily Tel. 27 Mar. 19/4 A vehement peace activist and anti-militarist.

9. Of debate, conflict, etc.: impassioned, heated; bitter.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > violent emotion > [adjective]

violentc1475

vehementa1492

frantic?1531

vehement1548

fierce1611

wilda1616

transportive1622

the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [adjective]

reighOE

grima1000

vehementa1492

vehement1548

teeth-grinding1642

sulphury1657

tearing1692

Gothic1695

teeth-gnashinga1711

storming1905

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxxix^v Y^e olde rancor betwene them beyng newly reuiued (The which betwene no creatures can be more vehement then betwene bretherne).

1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 130 I obserued and found, that in other Artes there was great concord & agreement betweene them that were the chiefe of those Artes and Sciences: Onely in the Church of God..I saw great & vehement discord.

1624 W. Bedell Copies Certaine Lett. 26 I would to Christ that of all other Controuersies this were the vehementest betweene vs.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 93 Nor by this was the Warre lessened, onely it was delayed, and not vehement enough for the time.

1745 A. Sidney Of Use & Abuse of Parl. (ed. 2) II. 488 A long and vehement debate succeeded.

1847 G. Harris Life Ld. Hardwicke III. xii. 44 A very vehement debate took place in the House of Lords.

1903 W. Bright Age of Fathers I. v. 70 The dissension caused by Arianism became daily more vehement.

1964 Novum Testamentum 7 238 There is vehement argument over whether this or that way of saying what the gospel means is valid or not.

2015 Washington Jewish Week 6 Aug. 26 Today, the bilateral mistrust has ruptured into open and vehement disagreement over broader policy differences.

†10. Of a relationship: very direct or close. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > [adjective] > related or connected > closely related

speciala1398

sib?1507

affined1586

cousin1590

affine1614

incorporatea1616

vehementa1626

intimate1692

affinitive1745

affiliate1800

affinal1834

proximate1985

a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 64 The law is more strong in that case, because of the vehement relation which the enrolment hath to the time of the bargaine and sale.

†B. adv.

= vehemently adv.; esp. (with reference to temperature) extremely, intensely (cf. vehemently adv. 1). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adverb]

strongeOE

hotOE

unsoftOE

snellya1000

stitha1000

stronglyOE

woodlyc1000

hatelyOE

unridelyc1175

wood1297

mainlyc1300

dreec1330

spackly?c1335

brothelyc1340

bremelya1375

fiercelya1375

violentlya1387

throlyc1390

roughlya1400

snarplya1400

unrekenlya1400

dreichlyc1400

ranklyc1400

witherlyc1400

maliciouslya1450

fervently1480

roidlyc1480

thrafully1535

vehement?1541

toughly1589

sickerly1596

vengeously1599

virulently1599

rageously1600

ragefullya1631

churlishly1657

improbously1657

rampantly1698

fierce1771

savagerous1832

fulgurantly1873

franticly1883

?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iv. sig. M.iij Those that dwelleth in very colde regyons, or vehement hote.

1543 in A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 38 The gravell hes tane me sa veament that I may nocht travell.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 5 The windis..blawis oft verie vehement.

1643 W. Warren Strange Newes from Exceter sig. A4 They took divers poore people and put them into a Pond stark naked..all a vehement cold night.

1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon i. iv. 15 When the Sun is vehement hot they use them to shade themselves from the heat.

1764 Christian's Mag. Jan. 17 Those who attribute the dividing of the [Red] sea, and the standing up of the waves, to a vehement cold wind, which froze the waves as fast as the wind blew them up.

1784 J. Abercrombie Propagation & Bot. Arrangem. Plants & Trees I. 130 To give occasional shade from the vehement hot sun in the middle of the day.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	vehement
释义	vehementadj.adv. Brit. /ˈviːᵻm(ə)nt/, /ˈviːhᵻm(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈviəmənt/, /ˈvihəmənt/ Forms: late Middle English– vehement, late Middle English–1500s vehemente, 1500s vehment, 1500s–1600s uehement; also Scottish pre-1700 viement, pre-1700 veament, pre-1700 vihement, pre-1700 wehement. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French vehement; Latin vehement-, vehemēns. Etymology: < (i) Middle French vehement (French véhément ) (of a natural force) operating with great strength or violence (c1200 in Old French; originally of wind), (of a sensation or sentiment) powerful (late 14th cent.), (of suspicion, presumption, or likelihood) very strong (late 14th cent.), (of reasons, arguments, proof) cogent, convincing (beginning of the 15th cent.), (of remedies) efficacious (1426), (of a person) passionate (second half of the 15th cent.), (of heat or cold) intense, severe (end of the 15th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin vehement-, vehemēns (also vēmēns) (of natural phenomena) exerting great force, violent, (of people or actions) violent, energetic, vigorous, strong, (of heat or cold) fierce, intense, (of sound) noisy, (of taste or flavour) strong, (of illness or pain) severe, strenuous, forceful, (of speech or writing) strongly expressive, imperious, (of feelings or arguments) powerful, prone to violent extremes of conduct, probably < vehere to carry, convey (see vehicle n.).It has been suggested that classical Latin vēmēns is the older form and derives from vē- lacking, wanting (compare e.g. vēcors foolish) + mēns mind (see i-mind n.), altered to vehemēns under the influence of vehere , but this is not supported by the semantic evidence. Most of the senses involve some idea of movement, rather than insanity. Compare Spanish vehemente (late 15th cent.), Portuguese veemente (late 16th cent. as vehemente ), Italian veemente (a1535). With the use as adverb compare earlier vehemently adv. With the pronunciation compare discussion at vehicle n. A. adj. I. Uses relating to physical sensation or action. 1. a. Of pain, illness, etc.: severe; intense; virulent. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > violent or severe grimc900 strongeOE grievousc1290 burning1393 acutea1398 maliciousa1398 peracutea1398 sorea1400 wicked14.. malign?a1425 vehement?a1425 malignousc1475 angrya1500 cacoethe?1541 eager?1543 virulent1563 malignant1568 raging1590 roaring1590 furious1597 grassant1601 hearty1601 sharp1607 main1627 generous1632 perperacute1647 serious1655 ferine1666 bad1705 severe1725 unfavourable1782 grave1888 ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 103^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) Þe canker is a vehement enpostume..of two maneres..vlcerate &..not vlcerate. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. cclxxiii^v/1 His payne was soo grete and vehement that he had lost his speche. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. iii. f. 102^v Vaschus..fell into a vehement feuer by reason of excesse of labour. 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 39 It doeth also cease vehement dolour and payne. 1610 E. Gardiner Triall of Tabacco f. 30^v When through an intollerable and vehement paine of the head, there is danger feared of an apoplexie, epilepsie, blindnesse, or the like. 1653 W. Ramesey Astrologia Restaurata 325 [A] Comet..signifieth..vehement sicknesses. 1725 N. Robinson New Theory of Physick 268 I order'd the following Mixture to be externally apply'd to his Side..while his Pain was very vehement. 1790 J. Trapp tr. J. Lavallée Negro II. 178 This reflection..reduced me to the most alarming state; not by vehement sickness, but by a profound melancholy. 1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 96 Vehement erysipelatous or irritative inflammation took place. 1859 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Mar. 191/1 The symptoms of gastric spasm are characterised by vehement excruciating pain and a feeling of constriction at the epigastrium. 1922 F. J. Rebman tr. N. Ortner Generalized Pain 25 The stomach is frequently the source of sudden, vehement pains in the cardiac region. 1977 Jrnl. Social Hist. 10 456 The nature of disease was a decisive element here, that is, whether the illness was short and vehement or protracted and difficult to cure. 2009 S. Pender in J. F. van Dijkhuizen & K. A. E. Enenkel Sense of Suffering 483 The vehement pain that saints embrace. b. Of heat, (formerly) cold, etc.: intense; strong. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > severe or violent (of weather or elements) retheeOE strongOE stithc1100 snella1400 woodc1400 outrage?a1425 violentc1425 sternc1449 strainable1497 rigorous1513 stalwart1528 vehement1528 sore1535 sturdy1569 robustious1632 severe1676 beating1702 shaving1789 snorting1819 wroth1852 wrathy1872 snapping1876 vicious1882 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [adjective] > violent (of fire) bremec1374 violentc1425 vehement1528 severe1648 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. S.iij^v All frutes, that come to any swetenes, haue fyrste a talage pontike, of a vehement coldnes. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxii. f. 42 Hygh trees..dyd cast..a pleasant..shadowe, and defended them..from the vehement heat of the sunne beames. 1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions i. vii. f. 49 The fier is vehementer and the hearth is of heate sometime extreme, sometime more soft & mylde. 1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) vii. sig. R3^v The Snow..causeth them presently to fall, and with his vehement cold to rise no more. 1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 320 Salt of Tartar requires a vehement fire to flux it. 1742 Merlinus Liberatus sig. A3 1435, A vehement Frost, all Food came to London by Land. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. 564 The action of the Sun would there have been too vehement. 1826 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts 11 70 The vehement heat..produced by anthracitic or charcoal fires. 1879 R. L. Stevenson Trav. with Donkey 30 It was blazing hot up the valley, windless, with vehement sun upon my shoulders. 1919 F. Swinnerton September i. i. 13 The country..was slipping gently into coolness after the vehement heat of the late June sunshine. 1947 N.Y. Times 1 Aug. 21/1 Theatre '47 of Dallas is settling down amid the vehement heat to a fortnight of repertory in the mercifully air-conditioned Gulf Oil Theatre. 2. a. Of a natural force: operating with great strength or violence; esp. (of wind) blowing very strongly or violently. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > strong strongeOE stiffc1290 sternc1374 wrothc1400 vehement1483 strainable1497 freshc1515 stout1533 bloysterous?1570 ruffing1577 boisterous?1594 lofty1600 chafing1762 blustery1774 smacking1820 snoring1822 spanking1849 gale force1902 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. lxxiiij/2^v Sodenly cam a vehemente wynde fro the regyon of deserte and smote the iiij corners of the hows. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. ii. sig. Avii^v The bees may issue out of theyr stalles without peryll of rayne, or vehement wynde. 1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors iii. f. 30 When the lightenyng is not vehement. 1579 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. III. 242 Aganis sa suddane and viement ane storm. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 832 The Land..would be violently hot, if a fresh easterly breeze did not coole it with vehement breath in the heat of the day. 1625 J. Mede Let. 17 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 196 The barge-windows, notwithstanding the vehement shower, were open. 1696 tr. G. Croese Gen. Hist. Quakers iii. 153 But a vehement storm suddenly rising the poor women were taken out of the Boat. 1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. v. 299 The succeeding vehement Deluges of Rain rendered their Incampment superlatively comfortless. 1788 Times 22 Sept. Driven by the vehement wind, with what dreadful impunity does the..shower fall? 1840 R. H. Barham Look at Clock in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 60 Like a Weather-cock whirl'd by a vehement puff, David turn'd himself round. 1892 N. F. Davin Homes for Millions 12 Vehement storms and the blizzard occasionally burst upon the country in summer and winter. 1920 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Apr. 209/3 Severn floods are not merely deep and wide, but vehement. 1935 Times 18 Sept. 11/4 In the holiday season vehement gales are at least uncommon. 1998 Jrnl. Baltic Stud. 29 327 A sudden and vehement storm overtakes them. b. More generally, of any physical phenomenon: strong and rapid. Now rare.For uses relating to personal action or effort, see sense A. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > [adjective] > moving with impetuous speed or headlong ranka1250 whirling1382 hurlingc1400 whithering1513 headling?1518 vehement1528 heady1562 headlongc1565 precipitant1649 precipitate1654 torrent1667 precipitous1681 tearing1765 torrentuous1840 whirlwind1865 torrential1877 Gadarene1895 rocketing1952 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. Y.iij Therby chanceth vehement motion of the naturall aire, beynge in the organ of the herynge. ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. E. ij^v, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens Yf there be all redy vehement pulsacyon, in such wyse that there is no more hope of the curacyon of the sayd partyes without suppuracyon. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iv. iii. 177 They which haue this feuer, their pulse is verie great, vehement, quicke, frequent and equall. 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician vi. 230/1 When the Fever is in the increase, if the bloud be too effervescent, and distend the Vessels much, with a strong and vehement Pulse,..let Bleeding be repeated again. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 317 Violent Sweats proceed from a Laxity of the Vessels, and too vehement a Circulation of the Blood. 1785 R. Henry Hist. Great Brit. V. vi. 411 Its symptoms were alarming from the first moment, such as, burning heat, excessive sickness,..vehement pulse, and labouring breath. 1828 Leicester Chron. 16 Aug. Further excitements convert the force of heat into light, or vehement propulsion of the atoms which fill space. 1847 Mechanics' Mag. 16 Oct. 377/2 We are justified in concluding that the substance is still in motion, and not only so but in much more vehement motion. 1907 Med. Brief Mar. 167/1 Pneumonia has a frequent, large, vehement pulse, with well-marked dicrotism. 1966 R. B. Amber & A. M. Babey-Brooke Pulse in Occident & Orient viii. 153 P[ulse] is rapid and sometimes feeble and at other times vehement. c. Of sound: extremely loud. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [adjective] > too or extremely roaringOE violenta1398 vehement1545 fouldering1590 sundering1624 screaming1847 1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel f. 171^v The voyce of his wordis as it were the vehement noyse of a multitude. 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall v. 52 We found that a Bladder..being approach'd nearer to the Fire, suddenly broke with so loud and vehement a noise, as stony'd those that were by. 1681 J. Browne Compl. Treat. Muscles 26 When a very vehement sound doth approach the Ears, this Muscle doth remit its great noise. 1752 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 415 The two Gunnings, who have made so vehement a noise. 1792 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina (new ed.) ii. x. 270 That remarkable vehement noise, so frequently observed in forests in the heat of summer and autumn..which is, probably, caused by a very sable, small insect of the genus cicadae. 1860 Derby Mercury 18 July 6/6 He..was received with cries of ‘go home’, cat calls,..and vehement noise. 1904 F. E. Pargiter tr. Mārkandeya Purāna cxvi. 607 The prince made his bow-string sound with an exceedingly vehement sound. 2004 P. Lopate Waterfront (2005) viii. 128 Blue choppers take off and land, generating an astonishingly vehement noise. 3. a. Strong or pungent in flavour or odour. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [adjective] > pungent sharpc1000 hotc1175 poignantc1387 keen1398 angryc1400 eager?c1400 tartc1405 argutec1420 mordicative?a1425 mordificative?a1425 piperinea1425 pungitive?a1425 pikea1475 vehement1490 oversharpa1500 over-stronga1500 penetrating?1576 penetrative1578 quick1578 piercing1593 exalted1594 mordicant1603 acute1620 toothed1628 pungent1644 piquant1645 tartarous1655 mordacious1657 piperate1683 peppery1684 tartish1712 hyperoxide1816 snell1835 mordanta1845 shrill1864 piperitious1890 1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos v. sig. Bvi^v By the vehemente odour and swete smelle of the same tree maye surmounte the infecte odour of the caroynes of the dede bodyes. 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 408 Many..hang the herb called Sclarea, in wyne, the flowers with the leeues: whose sauour is vehement & not vnpleasant. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. Introd. 42 Being in shape somewhat like to the Millet of Italy, but of a most vehement and firy tast. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 37 The leaues of Vitex, Bitumen,..and all other things that haue a strong or vehement ill sauour. 1725 P. Shaw Philos. Wks. R. Boyle III. 742/1 Silver... Made to give a vehement taste. 1848 T. Redwood Gray's Suppl. Pharmacop. (ed. 2) 489 The seeds are said..to have none of the vehement, hot, acrid taste of Grains of paradise. 1922 A. L. Poole Feudalism in Cambr. Medieval Hist. III. ix. 214 When we entered into it [sc. the tomb], we perceived a vehement savour. 1944 Farmers' Gaz. 29 Apr. 209/1 Pliny tells us that it [sc. ammonia] had a very vehement odour. b. Of colour, light, etc.: vivid; intensely bright. Now chiefly of colour, often in the context of art. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > intensity of light > [adjective] > brilliant or resplendent flaming?a1400 livelyc1425 resplendent?1440 resplendant?1473 resplendishant?1473 fulgent?a1475 resplendishing1479 splendiferousa1500 vehement1528 preclarec1550 profulgent1561 prelucent1568 splendicant1592 full1599 resplending1600 splendorous1604 splendious1609 splendid1634 flammeous1646 vivid1665 brilliant1681 effulgent1737 fulgorous1772 spandy-bright1968 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. Y.iij^v To loke agaynst the sonne: and that is through the vehement splendour and bryghtenes therof: wherby the syghte is distroyed. ?1562 W. Ward tr. R. Roussat Most Excellent Bk. Doctour & Astrologien Arcandam sig. P.vi You muste note that as muche as the colours are moore vehement, the moore efficatie they haue. 1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi v. §2. 137 These colours in some rain-bows are more vehement or apparent. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 173 Preserving the Eye from being injured by too vehement and lucid an Object. 1867 Bangor (Maine) Daily Whig & Courier 3 May Gas is but a poor thing by the side of this new, vehement electric light. 1893 Art Critic 1 18/2 The sun has set in vehement red and orange colors. 1989 M. Hudson Our Grandmothers' Drums (1990) xii. 225 That year they came in brilliant electric colours—scarlet and black, a vehement pink, cobalt violet, [etc.]. 2004 New Statesman (Nexis) 4 Oct. A decision to turn Seurat's river vehement orange is equally provocative. c. Of a medication or treatment: having a powerful effect upon the body. rare after 17th cent. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [adjective] > relating to powers or effects of drugs > powerful or vigorous vehement?1541 rough1598 generous1632 effrenate1657 effrenous1657 drastica1691 Herculean1755 ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Eiiij, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens All the body muste be emptyed..or that any partye be take subiecte to the stronge and vehement remedyes [Fr. fors et vehemens remedes]. 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. 5^v, in Bulwarke of Defence The longe Onion is more vehementer then the rounde, and the Redde more then the white. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 691 The gall of swine is not verye vehement. 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 240 In the beginning ouer vehement warmings are to be auoided. 1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 96 The juyce of wild Cucumber is not so vehement as they commonly report. 1738 W. Barrowby tr. Fabricius ab Aquapendente in tr. J. Astruc Treat. Fistula Anus 50 The most vehement Detersives; the most vehement Caustics. 1887 C. Bartlett & S. Lilienthal Farrington's Clin. Materia Medica ii. 30 If he is vehement or excitable, recourse must be had to a vehement remedy like Nux vomica or Bufo. 1943 Ciba Symp. 4 1448/2 He [sc. Rivière] also recommends syrup of tobacco for the cure of epilepsy, provided that a wise physician administers the vehement remedy. 4. Of personal action: characterized by great physical exertion or effort; performed with unusual force or violence; vigorous; strenuous, effortful. Also in extended use with reference to other forms of personal exertion or effort. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective] > carried on violently stithc1000 strongOE starkOE storlicc1275 stourc1275 sharpc1381 stalwartc1420 sturdya1450 sorea1500 vehement1531 shrewd1576 perperacute1647 furied1878 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective] > characterized by unusual violence or force ketea1290 worthyc1350 violenta1387 stronga1398 dreicha1400 forciblec1422 strainable1497 vehement1531 forceful1592 wieldy1592 virulent1607 forcive1634 ass-kicking1977 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xvi. sig. Hvi By exercise, whiche is a vehement motion,..the helthe of man is preserued, and his strength increased. 1574 T. Newton tr. G. Gratarolo Direct. Health Magistrates & Studentes 6 Those persons..may use vehementer exercise and stronger ambulations. 1598 L. A. tr. G. Fernandez Honour of Chiualrie vii. 40 With such vehement rigour hee assaulted his foes, that his men regained their lost aduantage. 1683 N. Crouch Strange Relig., Customs & Manners Sundry Nations 143 In that place was a sore and vehement Fight, and much People slain on both sides. 1728 P. Shaw New Pract. Physic (ed. 2) I. 199 Jaundice..happens after hard drinking or vehement exercise. 1761 S. Johnson Idler I. 6 These vehement exertions of intellect cannot be frequent. 1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 191 At the close of each stanza a hearty roar, and a vehement thrumming on the table. 1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. v. 117 The woman was making a vehement effort to speak in her natural voice. 1921 E. Scott Dancing for Strength & Beauty vi. 86 Unnecessarily vehement gesticulation should be carefully avoided. 1967 E. A. Gollschewsky in Coast to Coast 1965–6 87 The vehement nose-blowing..that marked her progress from room to room. 2000 G. Greeno Farthest Seeking 225 A vehement kick at the snow. II. Uses relating to thought, feeling, abstract concepts, etc. 5. a. Originally Scottish. Of suspicion, presumption, or likelihood: very strong. Cf. violent adj. 11. Chiefly archaic and historical in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] hardOE heavyc1000 highOE highlyOE stourc1275 largec1330 intensec1400 violent1430 profoundc1450 vehementc1485 intensive1526 advanceda1533 vengeable1532 Herculean1602 well-advanced1602 deep1605 dense1732 abysmal1817 intensitive1835 holy1837 high-level1860 major1942 c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 244 Be presumpcioun vehement, and jneuitable. 1516 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) A1516/7/1 All lawis excludis the said governor fra administracioun and governance for suspicioun, vehement and violent. 1565 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 208 The Quenes howsbande beinge entred into a vehement suspicion of David. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. D3^v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Notwithstanding all these vehement likelihoodes yet will I not condemne you, till I see how you will confute me. 1648 Mercurius Pacificus 7 What did at first foment and fuellize these our weakly grounded Wars, but vehement and strong suspitions, and unquenchable..jealousies betwixt King and Parliament? 1694 P. Falle Acct. Isle of Jersey iii. 98 He has Power..to arrest and imprison any Inhabitant upon vehement Suspicion of Treason. 1788 T. Harwood Noble Slave i. 11 Ev'ry word Fell like enchanting sorcery upon me, And mov'd my soul to vehement suspicion. 1811 R. Southey in Life A. Bell (1844) II. 644 Mrs. Trimmer's book..I much wish to see, having a vehement suspicion that some parts of it have been misrepresented. 1891 Leeds Mercury 1 Aug. 12/1 A man was brought up at the Thames Police-court on a vehement suspicion of pocket-picking. 1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Sept. 1/4 This little State, which had been under vehement suspicion of being no more than a bad copy of France. 2010 Renaissance Q. 63 1364 Their condemnation of Galileo on vehement suspicion of heresy. b. Of proof, evidence, etc.: powerfully convincing; strong, forcible, cogent. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > [adjective] > strong, convincing strongc1405 substantial1419 pregnant?a1475 pregnablea1500 vehement1530 pungent1619 stringent1653 1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. Prol. There is not a better, vehementer or myghtyer thinge to make a man vnderstond..then an allegory. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 33 And these vehement demonstrations twice repeted suffer it to be drawen no other where but to Christ. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 61 The valliantnesse, constancie, and sobernesse of your person, then which nothing can be more vehement and patheticall. 1731 S. Chandler tr. P. van Limborch Hist. Inquisition II. 215 When these Proofs are vehement or sufficient for the Torture, it is left for the Judge to determine. 1826 Ladies' Monthly Museum May 279 Theodore and Armand..had been hastily condemned, on the vehement evidence of the father of the deceased. 1878 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 314 Mr Macfie..comes forward with most vehement evidence as an enemy of copyright. 1904 W. G. Nash Rio Tinto Mine iv. 136 Vehement proof of the interest taken in this locality so far back. 1950 Lowell (Mass.) Sunday Sun 12 Nov. 7/1 Usually trite statistics give vehement proof of the value of the antigen in combatting the disease. 6. Of a thought, emotion, etc.: extremely strong, intense, or deep; fervent, ardent, passionate. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > passion > [adjective] fieryc1325 sorec1449 vehementa1492 fired1561 passionate1567 vivid1853 the mind > emotion > violent emotion > [adjective] violentc1475 vehementa1492 frantic?1531 vehement1548 fierce1611 wilda1616 transportive1622 the mind > emotion > passion > [adjective] > subject to passion or strong emotion passionate?a1425 passionablec1475 vehementa1492 affectionate1534 red-hot1593 salamandry1610 hot-bloodeda1616 salamandrous1711 warm-blooded1831 passionful1842 brimstony1885 the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [adjective] reighOE grima1000 vehementa1492 vehement1548 teeth-grinding1642 sulphury1657 tearing1692 Gothic1695 teeth-gnashinga1711 storming1905 a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) iii. xxxii. f. cccxxvi^v/2 I byleue..that god hath not sente to the this passyon so stronge and so vehemente, yf thou haddest not blasphemed in some wyse hym or his sayntes. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. OOOiii Meditacion is a vehement or a howge gostly applicacion of the mynde. 1534 Prymer in Eng. sig. J.vi Y^e vehement wrath and ryghtuouse punyshment of god..is no fayned trifle. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxxviij The Phisitions..iudged by & by the disase to come of a vehement thought. 1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 8 It is a salutation or greeting full of vehement and hartie good wil. 1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) v. §3. 177 The vehementer passion venteth forth the liuelier action. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. vi. 27 Weeping..is caused by such accidents, as suddenly take away some vehement hope. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 73. ¶5 The Passion for Praise, which is so very vehement in the fair Sex. 1784 G. Stuart tr. J. L. De Lolme Constit. Eng. (new ed.) Advt. p. xv Influenced by vehement prepossessions. 1812 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Paradiso v. 107 Vehement desire Possess'd me. 1846 H. Rogers in Edinb. Rev. July 12 Leibnitz..began to tell his beads with vehement devotion. 1878 Alden (Iowa) Times 18 Oct. Sometimes his anger was so vehement that all about him were alarmed for him. 1907 F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (ed. 2 reissued) I. 62 The Queen's vehement partisanship. 1937 E. L. Masters Whitman xv. 269 He denounced all war with vehement hatred. 1965 P. Radcliffe Beethoven's String Quartets iv. 49 The tremendously vehement emotion that is expressed in some of the works of Beethoven's second period. 2008 Irish Examiner (Nexis) 22 Mar. He accepts Chen's pro-independence policies in principle, but without the vehement enthusiasm of the outgoing leader. 7. Of an utterance, passage of writing, etc.: very forcibly or passionately expressed or delivered; that is an expression or indication of strong feeling, perturbation, or excitement. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [adjective] > vehement violent?1518 vehement1529 loud1530 flame-coloured1598 saltpetre1598 dithyrambic1608 fired1725 1529 T. More Dyaloge Dyuers Maters iv. xi. f. cxi/1 As grete and vehement as the wordys be, yet do they playnely proue that the apostle sheweth, y^t fayth may be wythout cheryte. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clxxvj^v Aboute this time came forth..a boke of Martin Luthers very vehement. 1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. B1^v Sharpely to solicit, With vehement sute the king in my behalfe. View more context for this quotation a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 299 In that remarkeable, and vehement place, where he expostulates thus with them. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1683 (1955) IV. 303 He died by the rupture of a Veine in a vehement speech he made about the Compositions. 1735 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. III. 435 That lively and vehement eloquence, which rushes along like a torrent. 1796 W. Woodfall et al. Impartial Rep. Deb. 1st Session 18th Parl. III. 322 They hear the very man who received and put into his pocket the money make a loud, a vehement speech in this House against bribery. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece II. xi. 80 The Corinthian deputy Sosicles, in vehement language, remonstrated with the Spartans on their inconsistency. 1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years II. 92 He..replies with the most vehement protestations of gratitude and fidelity. 1911 Amer. Hist. Rev. 16 227 Even more vehement were the words of Jackson in 1837. 1957 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples III. viii There was vehement appeal to national prejudices and sentiments. 2014 Sunday Times (Nexis) 17 Aug. 9 He immediately issued a vehement denial of the allegation. 8. Of a person, a person's character, etc.: acting, or tending to act, in a manner displaying passion or excitement; having very strong feelings about something; passionate. ΚΠ ?1535 F. Bigod Treat. Impropriations sig. B iv Se you nat here howe vehemente Paule is, in this that he wolde haue the precher to be honestly founde? 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxix^v I confesse to haue bene more vehement then became me. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. x. 194 Vehement therefore and zealous must we bee for the house of God. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Ezek. xxxviii. 15 Thou and manie peoples with thee,..a great companie, and a vehement armie. a1691 H. Maurice Impartial Acct. J. Mason (1695) 23 He was..dead to Affronts, and deaf to Reproaches, and blind to Injuries, but a vehement Man in God's Cause. 1744 B. Lynch Guide to Health i. iii. 33 He was a severe and vehement Man against Vice and Luxury, and a Contemner of Riches. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. xv. 254 Summon thy crew on board, Ere my arrival notice give of thine To the old King; for vehement I know His temper. 1834 G. P. R. James John Marston Hall I. ix. 83 My nature was too quick and vehement to take pleasure in vice without passion. 1858 A. H. Clough Amours de Voyage in Atlantic Monthly Mar. 542 For the woman..Ever prefers the audacious, the wilful, the vehement hero. 1929 L. W. Reese Victorian Village 138 He went his shrill way, fluent about his words, sharp with his change, a vehement, crisp creature. 1967 N.Y. Times 16 July e12/3 Secretary McNamara..is vehement about the need to spend more money for such programs. 2006 Daily Tel. 27 Mar. 19/4 A vehement peace activist and anti-militarist. 9. Of debate, conflict, etc.: impassioned, heated; bitter. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > violent emotion > [adjective] violentc1475 vehementa1492 frantic?1531 vehement1548 fierce1611 wilda1616 transportive1622 the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [adjective] reighOE grima1000 vehementa1492 vehement1548 teeth-grinding1642 sulphury1657 tearing1692 Gothic1695 teeth-gnashinga1711 storming1905 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxxix^v Y^e olde rancor betwene them beyng newly reuiued (The which betwene no creatures can be more vehement then betwene bretherne). 1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 130 I obserued and found, that in other Artes there was great concord & agreement betweene them that were the chiefe of those Artes and Sciences: Onely in the Church of God..I saw great & vehement discord. 1624 W. Bedell Copies Certaine Lett. 26 I would to Christ that of all other Controuersies this were the vehementest betweene vs. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 93 Nor by this was the Warre lessened, onely it was delayed, and not vehement enough for the time. 1745 A. Sidney Of Use & Abuse of Parl. (ed. 2) II. 488 A long and vehement debate succeeded. 1847 G. Harris Life Ld. Hardwicke III. xii. 44 A very vehement debate took place in the House of Lords. 1903 W. Bright Age of Fathers I. v. 70 The dissension caused by Arianism became daily more vehement. 1964 Novum Testamentum 7 238 There is vehement argument over whether this or that way of saying what the gospel means is valid or not. 2015 Washington Jewish Week 6 Aug. 26 Today, the bilateral mistrust has ruptured into open and vehement disagreement over broader policy differences. †10. Of a relationship: very direct or close. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > [adjective] > related or connected > closely related speciala1398 sib?1507 affined1586 cousin1590 affine1614 incorporatea1616 vehementa1626 intimate1692 affinitive1745 affiliate1800 affinal1834 proximate1985 a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 64 The law is more strong in that case, because of the vehement relation which the enrolment hath to the time of the bargaine and sale. †B. adv. = vehemently adv.; esp. (with reference to temperature) extremely, intensely (cf. vehemently adv. 1). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adverb] strongeOE hotOE unsoftOE snellya1000 stitha1000 stronglyOE woodlyc1000 hatelyOE unridelyc1175 wood1297 mainlyc1300 dreec1330 spackly?c1335 brothelyc1340 bremelya1375 fiercelya1375 violentlya1387 throlyc1390 roughlya1400 snarplya1400 unrekenlya1400 dreichlyc1400 ranklyc1400 witherlyc1400 maliciouslya1450 fervently1480 roidlyc1480 thrafully1535 vehement?1541 toughly1589 sickerly1596 vengeously1599 virulently1599 rageously1600 ragefullya1631 churlishly1657 improbously1657 rampantly1698 fierce1771 savagerous1832 fulgurantly1873 franticly1883 ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iv. sig. M.iij Those that dwelleth in very colde regyons, or vehement hote. 1543 in A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 38 The gravell hes tane me sa veament that I may nocht travell. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 5 The windis..blawis oft verie vehement. 1643 W. Warren Strange Newes from Exceter sig. A4 They took divers poore people and put them into a Pond stark naked..all a vehement cold night. 1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon i. iv. 15 When the Sun is vehement hot they use them to shade themselves from the heat. 1764 Christian's Mag. Jan. 17 Those who attribute the dividing of the [Red] sea, and the standing up of the waves, to a vehement cold wind, which froze the waves as fast as the wind blew them up. 1784 J. Abercrombie Propagation & Bot. Arrangem. Plants & Trees I. 130 To give occasional shade from the vehement hot sun in the middle of the day. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.adv.?a1425
随便看	proxies proxiest proxima centauri proximad proximal proximally proximate proximate analysis proximate cause proximate principle proximately proximateness proximatenesses proximation proximations proxime proxime accessit proximely proximiority proximities proximitive proximity proximity fuse proximity of blood proximity talks