请输入您要查询的英文单词：

　

单词 union
释义

unionn.1

Brit. /ˈjuːnɪən/, U.S. /ˈjunjən/
Forms: Middle English vniune, Middle English vnyon, 1500s–1600s vnion, 1500s– union.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French union; Latin ūniōn-, ūniō.
Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman union, uniun large single pearl (c1130; also as unio in this sense; Middle French, French union ), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin ūniōn-, ūniō large single pearl (see onion n.1 and note below). Compare earlier unio n., and also onion n.1 4.Pliny ( Hist. World 9. 112) derives classical Latin ūniō from ūnus ‘one’ because no two are exactly alike, although it is also argued that they are so called because only one is found in any shell (compare e.g. quot. a1500), and because they are of sufficient size and quality to be worn alone (compare French solitaire denoting a diamond: see solitaire n. 2). See further discussion at onion n.1 Post-classical Latin union- , unio ‘the number one, unity, act of uniting’ (see union n.2) has the same derivation, but may be an independent formation from the same elements.
Now archaic and rare.
A pearl of large size, good quality, and great value.Common in the 17th cent., esp. with reference or allusion to the story related of Cleopatra (see, e.g., quot. a1684 and Pliny Hist. World 9. 119–21).In quot. 1995 translating quot. OE at unio n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > pearl > [noun] > varieties of
unioOE
pearl of orientc1400
seed pearl1551
powdering pearls1606
pear pearl1647
Welsh pearl1681
peara1685
union1694
akoya1727
river pearl1776
orient1833
bouton pearl1851
blister pearl1885
Bombay pearl1885
teardrop pearl1904
cultured pearl1911
culture pearl1921
?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne 89 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 147 (MED) Þer is saphir and vniune, Carbuncle and astiune.
a1500 in J. Evans & M. S. Serjeantson Eng. Mediaeval Lapidaries (1933) 107 (MED) Some [pearls] ben cleped vnyons..for þer is oonly one Ifonde & neuer ij togeder.
?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda sig. D3 Then they play, and when she hath lost her gold, Erastus pointed to her Chaine, and then she sayd: I were it Cleopatraes vnion.
1599 R. Hakluyt tr. William of Malmesbury in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 5 Precious unions and costly spyces.
1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells vii. 419 A Pendant Vnion to adorne her Eare, Rarer no Queene was euer seene to weare.
a1672 P. Sterry Appearance of God to Man in Gospel (1710) 227 Pearls are call'd Unions, because they are ever found alone: A Saint's Pearl is his Union for a contrary Reason, because he is never found alone in his Spiritual Being or Beauty.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 372 The other Union that Cleopatra was about to dissolve & drink up, as she had don its fellow.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagruel's Voy.: 4th Bk. Wks. iv. iv. 19 Between whose Septenary Links..Rubies, Emeralds,..and Unions were alternatively set in.
1718 G. J. Geogr. Epitomiz'd 192 Upon the Confines of the Persian Empire stand the city and Island; Ormus a Place of great Merchandize; it abounds with a pretious Pearl called the Union.
1769 T. Nugent tr. P. J. Grosley New Observ. Italy I. 433 Either of them might be consider'd as a Phænix by himself; but as the Phænix is fabulous, it is fitter they should be consider'd as pearls; as unions of paradise.
1870 J. A. Langford King & Commoner ii. ii. 35 A union most fair and beautiful; An orient jewel set in slime; a pearl.
1982 H. Jenkins in W. Shakespeare Hamlet 411/1 The reasonable inference..is that the King drops the union into the cup from which he then drinks himself.
1995 A. Orchard Pride & Prodigies 229 His bedrooms and his main chambers were all most highly embellished with precious stones, the gem-stones unions and carbuncles.

Compounds

union pearl n.
ΚΠ
1603 E. Vaughan Plaine & Perfect Method 11 The vnion pearle you know hath his affinitie from the heauens, and yet breeds in the Sea.
a1713 M. Geddes Several Tracts against Popery (1715) 132 The Foot of the Cup was an Emerald gilt, thick set with rich Jewels and Union Pearls.
1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. (1887) III. 67 This damsel, the mistress of moons, the union pearl.
1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Apr. 332/3 The king in Hamlet formerly promised..to throw an onyx into the cup, but Theobald established the fact that it was a union-pearl.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

unionn.2

Brit. /ˈjuːnɪən/, U.S. /ˈjunjən/
Forms: late Middle English vnioun, late Middle English vnyoon, late Middle English vnyoun, late Middle English–1500s unyon, late Middle English–1500s vnyon, late Middle English–1600s vnion, late Middle English– union; Scottish pre-1700 unione, pre-1700 unioun, pre-1700 unioune, pre-1700 unjion, pre-1700 unuon, pre-1700 unyon, pre-1700 unyoune, pre-1700 unyown, pre-1700 unyowne, pre-1700 unyuon, pre-1700 vnion, pre-1700 vnioun, pre-1700 vnioune, pre-1700 vnyon, pre-1700 vnyoune, pre-1700 vnyown, pre-1700 vnyowne, pre-1700 wnioun, pre-1700 wnyon, pre-1700 wnyowne, pre-1700 1700s– union.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French union; Latin union-, unio.
Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French union unity, oneness (of God in three persons) (c1220 in Old French), joining together of two or more things to form a single whole, sexual intercourse (both 2nd half of the 14th cent.), agreement, concord, harmony (2nd half of the 14th cent.; 1400–10 in Union de l'Eglise ), association of individuals or groups with a common goal (1636), harmonious combination of colours (1665), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin union-, unio the number one, unity (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), uniting, joining (of hearts) (Vulgate) < classical Latin ūnus one (see one adj.) + -iō -ion suffix1. Compare Old Occitan union (1343), Catalan unió (14th cent.), Spanish unión (a1264), Portuguese união (14th cent.), Italian unione (a1306).Classical Latin ūniōn- , ūniō ‘large single pearl’ has the same derivation: see discussion at onion n.1 and compare union n.1
I. Senses referring to an action or state of joining together.
1.
a. The action of joining or uniting one thing to another or others, or two or more things together, to form a single complete body or unit; the state of being so united; the condition resulting from this.See also hypostatic union n. at hypostatic adj. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun]
onehead1340
alliance?a1400
union?a1425
union?1435
allya1445
alliage1450
allyc1450
association1535
sociation1579
combination1593
confederacy1594
adhesion1614
coalescency1645
togetherness1656
compendance1658
junction1783
affiliation1791
confederateship1837
allyship1849
solidification1891
togetherhood1896
we-ness1920
us-ness1927
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or fact of uniting or being united > [noun] > specifically in non-physical sense
union?a1425
allying1583
unition1584
unitedness1627
uniteness1639
unifying1681
unification1848
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.:Wallner) ii. 16 (MED) Perauenture yuel compleccioun trespasseþ most bi hit selfe, folowyng þe vnion or onyng [L. unio].
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 177 Be þe vnyoun which is bitwene þe body and þe soule..is not þerfore þe ponderosite of þe body wiþdrawe.
c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 287 Hap is suche a þing þat doth be-fall, Noþing purposed of entencioun, Where diuerse causes maken vnioun In thinges þat for somwhat were i-wroght, Bot in-to þat þat is be-fallen noght.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. evii In that, all swetnesse and vnion of loue & grace is signified.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 229 By whiche knyttynge..the godhed was vnyed vnto the manhed, and the very manhed vnto the godhed... And in this moste acceptable vnyon [etc.].
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 156 For in Bodies, Vnion strengthneth and cherisheth any Naturall Action;..And euen so is it of Minds.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 92 The strength of an Army [consisteth] in the union of their strength under one Command.
1675 R. Burthogge Cavsa Dei 39 The Soul in state of Union to the Body.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) The Union of Atoms, or Particles which touch in a Plain: as in the Chrystallization of Salts, and other like Bodies.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Hypostatical The Union of the human Nature with the Divine.
1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. II. 114 Nitric solutions of mercury and silver..are themselves decomposed at the moment of union.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. vii. 54 The moraine..formed by the union of the lateral moraines.
1903 Craftsman June 149 Although the union of use and beauty in fictile objects attained, among the ancient Greeks, the greatest perfection that it has yet known, this union, dissolved for ages, seems now on the point of being renewed.
1941 R. Headstrom Adventures with Microscope xxxiv. 123 Upon the union of these two cells, a division of the egg-cell takes place.
2007 New Yorker 9 July 76/2 Phoenix today is a replicating sprawl that flows around bare mountains in the hope of linking with the sprawl sprawling..out of Las Vegas, which is also longing for union.
b. An act of joining or uniting two or more things together; an instance of being so joined.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 12.
ΚΠ
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 51 I..haue ordeyned an vnyoun, and am ioyned and couplid wiþ þe foule nature of ȝoure humanyte.
1546 S. Gardiner Detection Deuils Sophistrie f. lx In the consecration there is not an vnion of breade to the body of christ, but transmutation.
1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 5v An union of the bones made by a Cartilage.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets viii. sig. B2v If the true concord of well tuned sounds, By vnions married do offend thine eare.
a1653 H. Binning Wks. (1735) 8/2 There was an Union made already in his first Moulding.
1710 M. Chudleigh Ess. Several Subj. To Rdr. sig. A6 I think it [sc. marriage] ought to be a Union of Minds.
1781 W. Cowper Charity 122 While providence enjoins to ev'ry soul An union with the vast terraqueous whole.
1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 281 Instances frequently occur of the inner bark of the scion being placed out of contact with that of the stock, and a union nevertheless ensues.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues III. 363 There is a union of qualities in him such as I have never seen in any other.
1931 Chem. Rev. 9 349 We must assume..electrons which actively oppose a union of the atoms.
1945 Science 28 Dec. 656/2 All unions of chromosomes are end to end and parallel or so-called parasynaptic unions do not occur.
2008 M. Kent & M. Kent Cornwall from Coast Path i. 16 Each lichen species results from a union between a particular combination of fungus and alga.
2.
a. General agreement or concord between different people, nations, institutions, etc.; absence of dissension, discord, or difference in opinion or doctrine; unity; an instance of this. Also: the action of bringing about such agreement or concord.See also church union n. at church n.1 and adj. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun]
onehead1340
alliance?a1400
union?a1425
union?1435
allya1445
alliage1450
allyc1450
association1535
sociation1579
combination1593
confederacy1594
adhesion1614
coalescency1645
togetherness1656
compendance1658
junction1783
affiliation1791
confederateship1837
allyship1849
solidification1891
togetherhood1896
we-ness1920
us-ness1927
society > society and the community > dissent > absence of dissension or peace > [noun] > concord
sibsomenesseOE
somec1000
somrednessa1250
accordc1275
onehead1340
unityc1384
concordc1386
accordance1388
union?1435
onement1454
greement1483
agreeance1525
agreement1529
atonementa1535
onenessa1575
onehood?1578
harmony1588
agreea1592
unison1606
commodation1643
bon-accordc1650
unisoniety1663
regalia1745
at-oneness1877
?1435 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 69 (MED) In this same yeer byganne the generall counceyll at Constance, ffor to make vnyon in hooly chirche.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 5203 (MED) What delyte eeke in pees and vnioun The prince of pees hath shewed in his birth, By angels delitable song.
c1479 ( J. Lydgate Ballade in Despyte of Fleminges (Lamb.) l. 28 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 601 Our embassatourys..Cam goodly thedyr, dyd ther bysinesse, To haue concluded a parfyt vnyoun Twyxt to reavmus.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ccxxxiii. f. ccciv/1 The vnyon of the churche I desyre, and I haue taken great payne therin.
1539 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 230 Ye shal..bring a very vnion..bitwene all them there & conduce them to suche a knott as there shalbe perfite vnion amonges them without striffe.
1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 296 Their amitie and vnion..cannot be of long continuance.
1608 W. Wilkes 2nd Memento 59 Compleat union is of better consequence to the furtherance of religion.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 78 The Janizaries swore the same Union with the Spahis.
1691 W. Temple Mem. Christendom iii. 391 I, that never had any thing so much at heart as the Union of my Countrey.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 7 The Union, Peace, and Plenty of the Kingdom.
1711 Duke of Marlborough Let. 10 Nov. in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Earl of Eglinton (1885) 144 in Parl. Papers 1884–5 (C. 4575) XLIV. 1 I haue no other views then what tend to the firmest union with his Lordship.
1789 W. Belsham Ess. II. xli. 526 Persecution, said Mr. Fox, is a bond of union.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth i, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 45 Have I not thanks to pay to God, who has restored union to my family?
1847 L. H. Kerr tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Servia 117 The league of independent chiefs..was on the closest terms of union with both these parties.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. i. 160 They were so far from being disposed to purchase union by concession that they objected to concession chiefly because it tended to produce union.
1931 W. Temple Thoughts on Probl. of Day iv. 92 The Conference..was concerned with advances towards union in two directions—on the one hand towards union with the Orthodox and the Old Catholic Churches, and on the other hand with the non-episcopal Churches.
1941 Motor Boating Jan. 116/2 There was a lack of union and co-operation among the clubs which resulted in local variations of the racing conditions.
†b. Painting. Harmony of colour or design; an instance of this. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > art of colouring > [noun] > harmony of colours
harmoge1601
union1662
repose1695
value1706
keeping1715
melody1830
colour harmony1853
chord1856
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura v. 127 The lights and the shades, in the true managing whereof, so many wonders are to be produc'd by this Art..so as the very Union and colouring it self may be conceiv'd without any force upon the imagination.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Union (a Term among Painters) is the mutual Agreeableness and Sympathy of the Colours in a Piece of Painting.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Harmony In the Ordonnance, it [sc. harmony] signifies the Union, or Connection between the Figures, with Respect to the Subject of the Piece.
1770 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1778) iii. 83 A figure..though deviating from beauty, may still have a certain union of the various parts.
1793 Landscape Mag. 83 Let them..be coloured with vivacity, but not so as to disturb the general union of the piece.
†c. Horse Riding. A state attained by a horse when it is being ridden, characterized by a shortened stride with the hind legs placed so as to achieve balance and impulsion. Cf. unite v. 6, united adj. 5. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by speed or gait > [noun] > type(s) of gait > co-ordination of legs in
union1884
1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. i. at Unite A Horse is said to unite, or walk in union [Fr. Cheval qui s'unit, qui marche uniment]; when in galloping, the Hind-quarters follow and keep time with the Fore.
1799 J. Adams Anal. Horsemanship 17 When the rider is pressing a horse to the union, and drawing from him the most elegant attitude and lofty action, the rider's attitude must likewise be to the extreme of elegance.
1884 E. L. Anderson Mod. Horsemanship 110 That state of collection that we have styled the union. That is, the forces of the two extremities must be united as closely as is consistent with the maintenance of the pace.
3.
a. The action or an act of uniting several territories into a single state, kingdom, or political entity, usually with one central legislature; the state or fact of being so united.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > federalism > union or unification
union1461
unification1848
reunification1872
1461–2 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1461 §41. m. 18 Enlargements, annexions, unyons, severauncez from shires..graunted by the..pretended kynges.
1547–8 in A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 214 Thocht the wysdome off Ingland be extemit greitt, thay gane nocht the rycht way to mak unuon off thyr twa realmis.
1547 J. Harrison (title) An Exhortacion to the Scottes to conforme themselfes to the..godly Union betweene the two Realmes of Englande & Scotland.
1595 W. Allen et al. Conf. Next Succession Crowne of Ingland ii. v. 121 This violent vnion of nations, that are by nature so disunited and opposite, as are the Inglish, Scotish, Irishe, Danishe, Frenche.
1603 F. Bacon (title) A Briefe Discovrse, tovching the Happie Vnion of..England, and Scotland.
1603 F. Bacon Briefe Disc. sig. Bij And..leauing violent Vnions [of countries]: wee will consider onelye naturall Vnions.
a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 35 Why was there ever a Union between England and Wales?
1710 J. St. Leger Manager's Pro & Con 18 The irrepealable Act of Union.
1729 T. Innes Crit. Ess. Anc. Inhabitants Scotl. I. 91 The Picts continued in possession of the northern provinces of Scotland till their union in one kingdom with the Scots.
1754 B. Franklin Plan of Union in Polit., Misc. & Philos. Pieces (1779) 87 The said Commissioners..came to an unanimous resolution,—That a union of the colonies is absolutely necessary for their preservation.
1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years I. 268 To the Belgians France could offer, as the price of a fraternal union, the substitution [etc.].
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 741/2 This success of the struggle for union gave the United States a date for the political..existence of the nation.
1909 T. Johnston Our Scots Noble Families 47 After the union of the Crowns in 1603, King James set himself the task of clearing out the Armstrongs.
1961 Legislative Council Deb.: Official Rep. (Colony & Protectorate Kenya) 87 1310 What we had in mind was a union of the territories in East Africa, a political union.
2012 A. Jackson Two Unions vi. 188 The union of Great Britain and Ireland might indeed have been an immediate and complete failure.
b. With the and chiefly with capital initial.
(a) The uniting of the English and Scottish crowns in 1603, or the English and Scottish parliaments in 1707.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [noun] > union of English and Scottish crowns
union1604
society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [noun] > union of English and Scottish parliaments
union1604
Union parliament1771
1604 Apol. Commons in Cal. MSS Hatfield House (1973) XXIII. 148 Hee had perverted those reasons in their mayne drifte and scope, pretending that they were devised to impugne the union ytself.
1607 King James VI & I Speech to Both Houses of Parl. sig. B2 When I first propounded the Vnion, I then thought there could haue bene no more question of it, then of your declaration and acknowledgment of my Right vnto this Crowne.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1671 (1955) III. 570 Came to visite me one of the Lords Commissioners of Scotland for the Union.
1712 Z. Haig in J. Russell Haigs of Bemersyde (1881) xii. 344 Prosperity to Scotland, and No Union!
1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. I. i. iii. 24 The Scots privy council..is declared to have no other powers, than the English privy Council had at the time of the union.
1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xvii. 696 The union closes the story of the Scots constitution.
1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. 121 Scotland did not fully recover from the ruin of that conflict until the Union made her secure.
1975 D. Hay Renaissance Ess. (1988) v. 85 The various titles Hume gave to his History..reflect his and his contemporaries' awareness of the differences which it was hoped the union might obliterate.
2013 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 6 Sept. (Business section) 1 Mr Clegg..outlined the benefit the Union gives to companies north of the border.
(b) The uniting of the parliaments of Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801, or (before 1801) the proposed uniting of the parliaments of Britain and Ireland.
ΚΠ
1798 C. K. Bushe Union 20 Whereas in Ireland, the Union being subsequent to such misfortunes, must completely extinguish the possibility of their revival, and be in every sense the salvation of the country.
1801 F. Higgins Let. 27 Feb. in T. Bartlett Revolutionary Dublin (2004) 304 They would give him a clearance out as a mark of their esteem for him and the Union, meaning they would assemble in large party's to hoot and groan His Excellency.
1829 W. Scott Waverley Novels (new ed.) I. Gen. Pref. p. xiii Miss Edgeworth..may be truly said to have done more towards completing the Union, than [etc.].
1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 271 Carried in great measure by the same corrupt means as the constitution of '82 had been worked by, the Union earned no gratitude.
1907 Daily Chron. 4 Sept. 4/7 O'Connell's last resource—the Repeal of the Union.
1912 Q. Rev. Jan. 296 The financial system of the Union under which Ireland has her equal place as a sister-nation is to be broken up under the pretence of gratifying a demand for nationhood.
1997 A. Jackson in N. Ferguson Virtual Hist. (1999) iii. 178 The Union was driven on to the statute books in the aftermath of a bloody government victory in 1798 over republican rebels.
4.
a. Scots Law. The action or an act of uniting non-contiguous lands or tenements into one holding. Frequently in charter (also clause) of union: a charter or clause effecting such uniting of lands. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > [noun] > uniting non-contiguous tenements
union1471
1471 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1471/5/4 That na unyownis nor annexacionis maid sen oure soverane lorde tuk the crowne be of strenth, valew nor effec.
1504 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1504/3/63 Anent landis..quhilk..ar annext or unit in ane halding or barony, that, nochtwithstanding the said annexatioune or unioune [etc.].
1542 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 117 The forfaltouris and unionis maid in the last parliament.
1578 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 693 Erectionis of baroniis, unionis or burghis in barony.
1633 Acts made in First Parl. Charles I 25 His Majestie with consent foresaid, revokes, casses, annuls, retreats, & rescinds all new creation of lands, baronies, & annexations, and unions of divers lands in fee.
1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. ii. ii. §44. 221 The whole Lands lying contiguous are naturally Unite, and needs no Union.
1686 G. Mackenzie Observ. Acts Parl. 353 It may be doubted, whether when Lands ly within different Shires, but are united, if in that case they are to be Registrated in the Shire where the place lyes, at which Seasine is to be taken by the Charter of Union, or at all the places where the Lands ly.
1734 J. Mackenzie Treat. Concerning Origin & Progress Fees vi. 223 If the Warrant contains a Clause of Union, and a Dispensation for taking Sasine at one Place, notwithstanding the Discontiguity of the Tenements.
1751 A. McDouall Inst. Laws Scotl. I. ii. iii. 567 The union or erection into a barony of lands, lying in different shires.
1826 R. Bell & W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. (ed. 3) II. 548 Where lands are derived from different authors, or held of different superiors, or of the same superior, but by different tenures, they cannot legally be the subjects of union.
1826 R. Bell & W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. (ed. 3) II. 548 The object of a charter, or clause of union.
1908 J. Craigie & J. Bartholomew Elem. Conveyancing i. ii. 18 If part of the lands included in a charter containing a clause of union..was disponed, both the part retained and the part disponed had the benefit conferred by the union.
1975 Jrnl. County Louth Archaeol. & Hist. Soc. 18 181 There were two towns, not always happily joined by the bridge, but the two parts were never equal in size as the charter of union of 1412 clearly shows.
b. Christian Church. The merging of two or more ecclesiastical benefices into one; an instance of this. Cf. unition n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > benefice > [noun] > uniting of
uniona1475
consolidation1511
unition1511
society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [noun] > union of
uniona1475
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 231 Fro þe tyme of þe vnion & of þe appropurynge of þe seyde churche of bloxham.
1529 Act 21 Hen. VIII c. 13 §11 If any person..procure..any Licence or Licences, Union, Toleration or Dispensation, to receive and take any mo Benefices with Cure than is above limited.
1537 tr. H. Latimer Serm. to Clergie sig. Dv Some brought forth Canonizations, some Expectations, some pluralities, and vnions.
1545 Act 37 Hen. VIII c. 21 A Unyon or Consolidacion of two Churches in one, or of a Churche and Chappell in one.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Zzz2/1 Vnion..is a combining or consolidation of two Churches in one, which is done by the consent of the Bishop, the Patron, and the Incumbent.
1665 Act 17 Chas. II c. 3 ⁋3 The said Union shall take effect for every such Church or Chappell.
1713 E. Gibson Codex Juris Eccl. Anglicani 920 By the union, the two churches are become so much one, that a second benefice may be taken.
1860 Act 23 & 24 Vict. c. 142 §2 An Union of Two or more contiguous Benefices with one another.
1906 E. M. Sympson Lincoln ix. 327 The church seems to have stood for many years after the union of benefices.
1960 J. McManners French Eccl. Society under Ancien Régime vii. 130 The parish of Saint-Denis which arose from this union could still afford its priest no more than two baptisms and five burials in the course of a year.
2011 Mission & Pastoral Meas. (General Synod Church of Eng.) No. 3. xxxvii. 24 Where a pastoral scheme provides for the union of two or more benefices one of which is a rectory, the new benefice created by the union shall be a rectory.
5.
a. The joining of one person to another in matrimony; an instance or occasion of this; a marriage.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > [noun] > union in
yokeOE
couplec1320
alliancec1325
unionc1475
accouplement1483
accouplinga1535
conjunction1541
coupling1641
conjuncture1679
conjugationc1783
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > action or fact of marrying > [noun]
eeOE
weddingc1000
wivingOE
contractc1315
marriagec1325
matrimony1357
unionc1475
maritagec1478
briding1566
espousal1566
match1574
intermarriage1579
despousing1609
espousement1623
nuptial1630
coupling1641
splice1830
intermarrying1843
contraction1885
yokemating1891
c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) ii. A. l. 1621 God ordeyned wedlok hymsilf in paradise And made an vnyoon [v.r. vnyte] betwene Adam and Eve.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 447 This Vnion shall do more then batterie can To our fast closed gates. View more context for this quotation
1678 E. Cooke (title) Love's Triumph,—or, The Royal Union: A Tragedy.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 167. ⁋2 The happy event of a union in which caprice and selfishness had so little part.
1778 F. Burney Evelina III. xviii. 207 He was himself of opinion, the sooner the union took place, the better.
1826 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) II. xi. 239 The immediate union of the Princess Constance..to Don Pedro.
1841 W. M. Thackeray Great Hoggarty Diamond viii Her grandfather had been at the first very much averse to our union.
1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxii. 69 He pronounced against any voluntary dissolution of unions already existing between Pagans and Christians.
1914 E. J. Hardy Still Happy though Married xi. 100 They were married a month later, and the union has proved a very happy one.
2012 K. Gravano & L. Pulitzer Mob Daughter (2013) ii. 38 More than three hundred people..were there to witness the union and join in the celebration afterward.
2012 Church Times 7 Sept. 17/2 His first union was blighted by the in-laws, and his second by infant (and wifely) mortality.
b. A joining of two people, now esp. of the same sex, in a legal or quasi-legal relationship similar to marriage; a common law marriage, civil partnership, or civil union.Used in contradistinction to marriage.
ΚΠ
1840 J. R. Waddington Monk & Married Man III. iv. 38 ‘My union with Miss Montgomery—’ ‘Is not a marriage; it never has been one; and yet you persevere in the connexion.’
1867 H. C. Lea Sacerdotal Celibacy 328 He unhesitatingly pronounced that a union contracted in opposition to the rule of the church was not a marriage.
1908 Imperial Gazetteer India (new ed.) IX. 137 The mere fact of living and eating together as husband and wife is sufficient to constitute a legal union.
1979 M. P. Levine Gay Men 259 When one party of a gay union dies without a will,..his property goes to the deceased's family.
2014 E. Lombardo & P. Meier Symbolic Representation of Gender v. 86 The act on legal cohabitation of 1998..allowed same-sex couples to make their union official in a..more binding way.
6. Surgery. Restored continuity of tissue, esp. between the edges of a wound or the pieces of a broken bone; an instance of this; the process of healing resulting in this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or fact of uniting or being united > [noun]
oneing1340
unitya1387
onementa1425
unition?a1425
unionc1475
uniting1537
uning1545
adunation1551
coadunation1558
aduniting1619
unitage1641
coadunition1642
oneness1653
co-unitya1711
inoneing1855
the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > process of healing of an injury, etc. > [noun] > growing together
unionc1475
adhesion1793
c1475 tr. Henri de Mondeville Surgery (Wellcome) f. 151v (MED) Summe woundis ben sewid principaly by cause of her vnioun and incarnacioun [L. propter eorum unionem et incarnationem], and in these woundis the sewynge schal not be lowsid in to þe tyme þat þei be fleischid.
1567 T. Gale tr. Galen Θεραπευτικον: Methodus Medendi vi. ii, in Certaine Wks. 305 Neyther is hee a Phisitian, that knoweth howe that there must be made natural vnion in the wounded part, but he which vnderstandeth with what things that maye be done.
1631 H. Crooke Expl. Instr. Chirurg. 13 To hold the lips of the wound..together till the vnion be perfected.
1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 152 The time generally allowed for the union of wounds.
1819 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 4) I. i. xxviii. 331 In some instances [of compound fracture], only a partial union follows.
1849 C. J. Lever Confessions Con Cregan I. xi. 142 While a sharp wound in my neck..had just begun that process called ‘union’.
1931 M. Sinclair Fractures xv. 180 Fractures may be stimulated towards union by the presence of actual osteogenetic tissue in a bone graft.
2006 C. M. Court-Brown et al. Trauma ii. 9/2 Smoking decreases union, slows healing, and increases complications.
7. Sexual intercourse; copulation. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > sexual intercourse
ymonec950
moneOE
meanc1175
manredc1275
swivinga1300
couplec1320
companyc1330
fellowred1340
the service of Venusc1350
miskissinga1387
fellowshipc1390
meddlinga1398
carnal knowinga1400
flesha1400
knowledgea1400
knowledginga1400
japec1400
commoning?c1425
commixtionc1429
itc1440
communicationc1450
couplingc1475
mellingc1480
carnality1483
copulation1483
mixturea1500
Venus act?1507
Venus exercise?1507
Venus play?1507
Venus work?1507
conversation?c1510
flesh-company1522
act?1532
carnal knowledge1532
occupying?1544
congression1546
soil1555
conjunction1567
fucking1568
rem in re1568
commixture1573
coiture1574
shaking of the sheets?1577
cohabitation1579
bedding1589
congress1589
union1598
embrace1599
making-outa1601
rutting1600
noddy1602
poop-noddy1606
conversinga1610
carnal confederacy1610
wapping1610
businessa1612
coition1615
doinga1616
amation1623
commerce1624
hot cocklesa1627
other thing1628
buck1632
act of love1638
commistion1658
subagitation1658
cuntc1664
coit1671
intimacy1676
the last favour1676
quiffing1686
old hat1697
correspondence1698
frigging1708
Moll Peatley1711
coitus1713
sexual intercourse1753
shagging1772
connection1791
intercourse1803
interunion1822
greens1846
tail1846
copula1864
poking1864
fuckeea1866
sex relation1871
wantonizing1884
belly-flopping1893
twatting1893
jelly roll1895
mattress-jig1896
sex1900
screwing1904
jazz1918
zig-zig1918
other1922
booty1926
pigmeat1926
jazzing1927
poontang1927
relations1927
whoopee1928
nookie1930
hump1931
jig-a-jig1932
homework1933
quickie1933
nasty1934
jig-jig1935
crumpet1936
pussy1937
Sir Berkeley1937
pom-pom1945
poon1947
charvering1954
mollocking1959
leg1967
rumpy-pumpy1968
shafting1971
home plate1972
pata-pata1977
bonking1985
legover1985
knobbing1986
rumpo1986
fanny1993
1598 I. K. tr. A. Romei Courtier's Acad. 216 Although matrimonie is not essentiall, hauing respect to generation, and that the vnion [It. l'vnione] of male and female sufficeth, yet is it necessary, for the framing of one perfectly noble.
1660 H. More Explan. Grand Myst. Godliness ii. viii. 47 This manner of propagation, which is by union of Male and Female.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Univocal All perfect Animals were produced by Univocal Generation, that is, by the sole Union or Copulation of a Male and Female of the same Species.
1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 321 A female rabbit..and..a buck..were allowed to caress each other whilst absolute union was prevented.
1884 W. Harris Homiletical Comm. Samuel ii. xii. 347 David was allowed to enjoy..the fruits of his sinful union with Bathsheba for a short time.
1921 M. C. Stopes Married Love (ed. 9) v. 84 Marriages in which the husband is so undersexed that he cannot have ordinary union save at very infrequent intervals.
1960 C. Winick Dict. Anthropol. 554/2 Ritual union, sexual intercourse on special occasions, as part of a ceremonial.
2000 A. Medinger Growth into Manhood (2008) xiv. 204 Your desire for union with her has flowed naturally and beautifully out of loving her.
†II. Senses relating to singularity.
8.
a. The fact or condition of being one thing only; oneness. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > [noun] > condition of being
onenesseOE
onehoodc1225
unityc1330
onlepihead1340
oneheadc1350
singlertyc1400
onliheada1425
uniona1513
singularity1583
singleness1597
singularness1650
oneship1656
unit1670
onefoldness1674
unicity1691
unitude1841
monadity1844
unitarinessa1866
unitarity1922
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxliiii. f. clxvv An other erronyous opynyon concernynge the vnyon of the Trynytie.
1565 T. Harding Answere to Iuelles Chalenge 81 For euery multitude..contineweth one. And that whereof it is one, and is kepte in vnion or onenesse, it is necessary that it be one, elles [etc.].
1652 E. Benlowes Theophila viii. xxvii. 112 Thus Holy, Holy, Holy's nam'd, to show A Ternion we in Union know.
b. In anti-Catholic writing: a Eucharist in which only the priest partakes of the bread and wine. Contrasted with communion. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > mass > kinds of mass > [noun] > without communion
private mass1536
union1548
1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Kviii Thee prieste masse, whyche is rather an vnion then a communion.
1564 T. Becon Displayeng Popishe Masse f. l, in Wks. iii Ye call it a Communion, which is a partaking of many together, but ye might right well call it an vnion. For no man eateth and drinketh of the bread and wyne but you alone.
9. The number one; = monad n. 1a. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun] > in philosophy
moverc1385
motor1447
First Causer1526
union1565
monad1642
monas1768
over-soul1841
ens realissimum1847
socius1890
ens necessarium1900
1565 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) vii. sig. Uiij As from the Union [L. monas] fyrst eche other number springs.
10. A unique example of something. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > only one > [noun] > a unique thing or example
union1657
unique1714
singularity1814
unicum1885
one-off1947
singleton1966
1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee 48 But an Union, one such text, I mean, in all the Bible.
III. Something resulting from the action of joining together.
11.
a. A society, association, or alliance formed by people or nations with a common interest or purpose. Now chiefly as the second element of compounds and in the names of organizations, or as in sense 11b.art union, credit union, Mothers' union, monetary union, prayer union, political union, rugby union, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun] > group associated for common purpose
covinc1330
lyancec1380
university?1473
army1540
band1557
union1603
coalescence1609
confederation1621
associationa1658
confederacy1681
federation1791
brigade1806
united front1807
class movement1839
company1839
paction1877
combine1889
protest movement1898
protest group1920
minority movement1923
we1926
power1966
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 1089 Beside the immottall blemish of his honour by disseuering himselfe from the vnion of the Christian princes, to hold friendship with the Turkes and infidels.
1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iii. iv. Rule 10 §11 He is not to be reckoned as a Brother, or a relative in our religious friendship and union.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 59 To separate from their Adversaries, and to form an Union among themselves.
1769 W. Falconer Shipwreck (ed. 3) ii. 92 [The] sagacious statesman..darts around his penetrating eyes, Where dangers grow, and hostile unions rise.
1832 T. P. Thompson in Westm. Rev. July 259 Once more to the Political Unions,—don't endure it [sc. slavery]; but hold together like burrs.
1870 Jrnl. Anthropol. 1 77 It is in this direction that our Anthropological Society must prove itself to be a philanthropic union.
1903 Science (N.Y.) 5 June 892/2 The International Union of the American Republics, popularly known as the Pan-American Union.
1958 Times 28 Nov. 8/7 ‘Union’ is the name preferred in Scotland for choral societies.
1976 E. Crankshaw Shadow of Winter Palace (1978) ii. 35 A union of monarchs pledged to support the monarchial principle.
2000 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 19 Mar. (Sport section) 3/7 The Welsh Rugby Union was again forced on to the back foot.
b. spec. An organized association of the workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests, and (sometimes) to provide financial assistance during strikes, sickness, unemployment, etc.; = trade union n.business union, company union, craft-union, horizontal union, industrial union, labour union, print union, vertical union, yellow union, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > association of employers or employees > [noun] > trade union
covin1764
union1818
trade union1825
trades combination1831
combination1833
labour union1849
syndical chamber (occasionally union)1864
sindicato1936
1818 in G. D. H. Cole & A. W. Filson Brit. Working Class Movements (1967) 151 Every Trade be recommended to raise a Fund amongst themselves, for the general Benefit of all Trades joined in this Union.
1833 2nd Rep. Factory Com. D 2. 39 Our spinners..said they had no fault to find.., but the union obliged them to turn out.
1848 E. C. Gaskell Mary Barton I. viii. 128 Block-printers is going to strike; they'n getten a bang-up union, as won't let 'em be put upon.
1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 65 It is certain that the increase of wages is not confined to those trades which have unions.
1910 ‘J. Hill’ in Songs of Workers 27 (title of song) There is power in a union.
1963 P. Ochs Hazard, Kentucky (song) in Broadside No. 20 Some people think that Unions are too strong, Union leaders should go back where they belong.
1972 M. Shadbolt Strangers & Journeys vi. 85 If the workers didn't have a union for protection, they wouldn't have nothing.
2009 Independent 16 Dec. 28/3 The union claims the management's cuts will undermine the service offered to passengers.
2010 P. Daniels Class Actor ix. 57 There was already a Peter Daly in Equity, the actor's union.
12. A body or whole formed by the combination of separate parts or things; a combination, a compound.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or fact of uniting or being united > [noun] > that which is united
union1660
1660 Bp. J. Taylor Worthy Communicant Introd. 10 My purpose is..to gather together into an union al these several portions of truth.
1690 R. Midgley tr. Plutarch Why Oracles cease to give Answers in M. Morgan et al. tr. Plutarch Morals IV. 33 This World being a Mass and Union consisting of different Bodies joyned together.
1698 G. Stanhope tr. Thomas à Kempis Christian's Pattern i. i. 2 What is a Man the better for entring into the Sublime Mysteries of the Trinity, and being able to Dispute nicely upon that adorable Union?
1807 J. E. Smith Introd. Physiol. & Systematical Bot. 212 Carbonic acid gas, (which was formerly called fixed air, and is an union of oxygen and carbon).
1919 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 41 339 It would appear..that −20° is approximately the highest temperature at which the two elements, tellurium and sulfur, form a stable union.
1999 C. Dexter Remorseful Day (2000) lxxvii. 427 Death had scattered that union of component atoms into the air.
13. Chiefly with the and capital initial. A political unit consisting of a number of states or provinces with the same central government.
a.
(a) Originally: a (hypothetical) political unit consisting of the British colonies in North America. Later: the United States, esp. before the secession of the Confederate states in 1860–1.See also State of the Union n.
ΚΠ
1774 T. Pownall Admin. Brit. Colonies (ed. 5) II. 84 If our Colonies by any new-excited property of attraction amongst themselves, are drawing together in an American Union..we should know that the application of force will the more encrease its power.
1775 T. Jefferson Let. 21 Nov. in Papers (1950) I. 264 So as to bring the Canadians into our Union.
1792 J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. III. 257 An important branch of the American union.
1817 J. Bradbury Trav. Amer. 277 The separation of the States west of the Alleghanies from the Union.
1865 J. R. Lowell in N. Amer. Rev. July 203 The South will come back to the Union.
1866 Congress. Globe Mar. 1474/1 His opinion is that a State can go out of the Union.
1903 S. Clapin New Dict. Amer. 36 Bang-up, an old word for a heavy overcoat, still surviving in some parts of the Union.
1943 R. Vance They made me Leatherneck vii. 29 At least you acknowledge Texas to be in the Union.
1997 B. Wagner I'm losing You (1998) 295 Minnesota was the ‘gopher state’, fourteenth largest in the Union.
(b) spec. The side in the American Civil War (1861–5) which represented the interests of the northern states, who desired to preserve the Union (sense 13a(a)), against the seceding Confederate states. Cf. Compounds 1g. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > northern states
northern state1776
north1792
union1861
1861 N.-Y. Times 26 Apr. 4/4 The Union men must fight for the Union or for South Carolina.
1862 Fond du Lac (Wisconsin) Weekly Commonw. 5 Nov. 1/5 The Hungarians..will prove strong auxiliaries to the noble army of the Union.
a1882 T. H. Green Wks. (1886) II. 420 There was reason for holding that the side of the Union, not that of the seceding states, was the one which ought to be taken.
1971 D. Brown Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee viii. 179 Parker returned to New York with plans to raise a regiment of Iroquois Indians to fight for the Union.
2012 Inland Valley Daily Bull. (Ontario, Calif.) (Nexis) 31 Mar. [They] were joined by other re-enactors..to portray the fateful fight—ultimately won by the Union.
b. More fully the Union of South Africa. A state, corresponding to modern South Africa, created in 1910 from various British colonies, Boer republics, and African tribal territories, following the South Africa Act of 1909. Now historical.The Union of South Africa became the Republic of South Africa in 1961.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > a union or confederacy of states
confederation1621
confederacy1681
incorporating union1706
United States1784
federacy1803
trialism1908
union1909
1909 in R. H. Brand Union of S. Afr. 142 The words ‘the Union’ shall be taken to mean the Union of South Africa as constituted under this Act.
1946 T. Macdonald Ouma Smuts 36 Racialism is still the most deadly of all poisons which sap the energies of the Union.
1953 ‘P. Lanham’ & A. S. Mopeli-Paulus Blanket Boy's Moon i. i. 13 That unofficial, uncrowned capital of the Union of South Africa, Johannesburg.
1961 L. van der Post Heart of Hunter i. i. 30 This land far away to the south on the Union border.
2006 C. Burns in K. Barber Africa's Hidden Hist. iii. 79 Her journeys to a segregated and hostile urban space after the birth of the Union to make a living.
14. Textiles. A fabric composed of two or more different materials woven together, esp. one containing cotton and linen, or cotton and some other material as wool, silk, or jute.Recorded earliest in attributive use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from mixed fibres > [noun]
union1805
union cloth1805
union goods1805
1805 Trewman's Exeter Flying-post 17 Oct. (advt.) Patent union cloth, and cords.
1840 Sessional Papers House of Lords XXXVII. 622 The weavers employed on the manufacture of flax into cloth, or flax and cotton, called union.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 378/1 Then we had an Irish linen, an imitation, you know, a kind of ‘Union’, which we call double twist.
1890 Textile News 20 Oct. (List Manufacturers) Manufacturer of black and coloured unions.
1893 Photogr. Ann. 284 Two or three yards of ‘union’, or white window blind material.
1945 Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists 61 322/1 (table) Mixtures of Chlorazol dyes and neutral dyeing acid dyes for dyeing wool-cotton and wool-viscose rayon unions to solid shades.
1993 Ideal Home Sept. 118/4 (advt.) An exciting range of quality linen unions, dobby weaves, glazed cottons, [etc.].
2010 J. Trollope Other Family v. 70 Her sofa and chairs covered in linen union printed with peonies.
15. An administrative unit.
a. In Britain and Ireland: a number of parishes consolidated under one Board of Guardians for the purpose of administering the Poor Law (Poor Law n.); a sub-district formed by such consolidation. Now historical.Recorded earliest in union workhouse n. at Compounds 3.Unions were officially recognized by the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834; they were abolished by the Local Government Act of 1929.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > for administration of poor-law
union1830
civil parish1835
parish1847
1830 G. R. Gleig Country Curate II. xvi. 288 John Bushell..first saw the light in one of those abodes of profligacy and wretchedness, a union workhouse.
1834 Act 4 & 5 William IV c. 76 §26 Such Parishes shall thereupon be deemed a Union for such Purpose.
1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. v. v. 639 The operation of Gilbert's Act in the unions formed under it.
1862 W. E. Gladstone Speech in Times 29 Dec. 9/5 The bulk of the cotton manufacture was carried on in a region comprised within 27 Unions.
1909 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 3 Apr. 855/1 The rural unions visited were chosen from different parts of the country.
1910 S. Webb & B. Webb Eng. Poor Law Policy ii. 34 In other unions the regulations included the establishment of a separate vagrant ward.
1981 T. Byrne Local Govt. in Brit. ii. 27 The parishes lost their individual responsibilities for poor relief in 1834, when the Poor Law Act placed this responsibility on to groups (or ‘unions’) of parishes.
2010 R. Parker Uprooted xiv. 253 Reports..were scrutinised and then copies sent to the union or parish from which a child had been emigrated.
b. In Bangladesh and (formerly) in the province of Bengal under British rule: a local administrative unit comprising several rural villages.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in India and Pakistan
tehsil1846
union1869
1869 A. H. Paterson Rep. on Police of Lower Provinces Bengal, 1868 4 The new system of Municipal Police has been found to answer well. There are, however, a number of small unions and towns to which it is ill-suited.
1885 Bengal Local Self-Govt. Act. ii. §38 in Acts of Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal in Council (1886) 38 The Lieutenant-Governor may, by order in writing, constitute any village or group of villages into a Union; and may prescribe for such Union the number of members of which the Union Committee shall consist.
1977 Bangladesh Times 19 Jan. 1/8 Elections in 229 unions will be held today (Wednesday) in 18 districts of the country.
2012 New Nation (Bangladesh) (Nexis) 3 July Chairman of Maizbari Union Jahangir Alom Talukder told the news men that 17 villages in his union have been inundated.
c. In Pakistan: a local administrative unit, below the level of a tehsil (see tehsil n.). Chiefly attributive, as union committee, union council, union level, etc.The union level was the lowest level in a five-tier system of government created by the Basic Democracies Order of 1959: see quot. 1964 for further details.
ΚΠ
1959 Times 27 Oct. 9/1 The bottom of the pyramid will be made up of ‘union councils’ not very different from the village panchayats used in experiments with local self-government in undivided India.
1964 R. W. Gable in Inayatullah District Admin. W. Pakistan i. 15 Basic Democracies are characterized by a four-tier structure of councils... The councils operate, in ascending order, at the level of unions, or groups of villages; tehsils (in West Pakistan) and thanas (in East Pakistan); districts; and divisions. In urban areas there are Town Committees and Union Committees in place of Union Councils.
1970 Times of India 6 Sept. 12 He demanded the immediate abolition of the basic democracies system and alleged that the chairmen of the union councils and union committees were using their position to convass [sic] support for their favourite candidates.
2013 Dawn (Pakistan) (Nexis) 31 Dec. The political parties have still not finalised their candidates for the different union councils or wards in the district.
16. Brewing. Each of a series of interlinked casks used in the Burton Union system of brewing beer. See union system n. at Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > vessel for cleansing
union1876
1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 275/2 When beer is cleansed..it is necessary to keep the casks or Unions full to the bung.
1897 W. J. Sykes Princ. & Pract. Brewing 448 When a set of unions are cleansed, the swan-necks are first removed.
1999 L. Pearson Brit. Breweries iv. 44 The Burton Union system, an arrangement of casks or ‘unions’ connected together in sets.
17. Mathematics. The set consisting precisely of all those elements contained in any of two or more given sets; the operation of forming such a set.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set
set1857
interval1902
intersection1909
union1912
lattice1933
matroid1935
closure1937
Steiner triple or triplet system1939
recursive set1943
convex hull1951
power set1953
convex envelope1964
Steiner system1966
Julia set1976
Mandelbrot set1984
1912 J. Pierpont Lect. Theory Functions Real Variables II. i. 22 The aggregate formed of the points present in at least one of the sets..is called their union.
1966 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 24 Mar. 13/2 A ‘union’ of set A (the blonde students) and set D (the male students) would be a new set written A ∪ D.
2009 E. Steinhart More Precisely v. 126 This is just the probability that X is in the union of the set of blue marbles with the set of translucent marbles.
IV. Elliptical senses.
18.
a. Chiefly with capital initial. The Union Jack, either as a separate flag (also †great union), or displayed in the top corner next to the hoist as part of a larger flag (cf. sense 18b). Short for Union Jack n. 1 or Union flag n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > flag > Union Jack
Union colours1634
Union flag1634
Union Jack1674
union1720
red, white, and blue1855
1720 J. Burchett Compl. Hist. Trans. at Sea x. 619 There were some Doubts whether his Lordship should have born at the Main top-mast head the Royal Standard of England, or the Union, or, more properly speaking in the maritime Phrase, the Jack Flag.
1735 T. Lediard Naval Hist. Eng. I. Introd. p. iii/1 They are allowed, besides the Colours commonly worn by Merchant-Ships, to wear a Pendant, together with a Red Jack, with the Union described in a Canton, at the Upper Corner of it, next the Staff.
1757 J. Muller Syst. Camp-discipline (ed. 2) iii. 43 The King's, or first Colour of every Regiment, is to be the Great Union throughout.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Jack In the British Navy the jack is..a small union flag..but in merchant-ships this union is bordered with a red field.
1812 Ann. Reg., Gen. Hist. 110 The proud old British Union floated triumphantly over it.
1849 C. Sturt Narr. Exped. Central Austral. I. 20 Some young ladies of the colony..had worked a silken union to present to Mr. Eyre.
1865 Notes & Queries 18 Feb. 136/1 His majesty is depicted stepping from a barge with the Union hoisted at the stern.
1928 E. B. Powley Eng. Navy in Revol. 1688 ii. 48 Strickland's flag—the Union—flying from the foretop of the ‘Mary’.
2004 R. W. Connell & W. P. Mack Naval Ceremonies, Customs, & Trad. (ed. 6) ix. 134 All British ships of war in commission wear a white ensign with the red Saint George's Cross and the Union in the upper canton.
b. A part of a flag consisting of a rectangle occupying the top corner next to the hoist; esp. the blue rectangle of the United States flag in which the stars are displayed (cf. Union Jack n. 2).
ΚΠ
1777 Jrnls. Continental Congr. 1774–89 (Libr. of Congr.) (1907) VIII. 464 Resolved, That the flag of the [thirteen] United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white: that the union be thirteen stars, white on a blue field, representing a new constellation.
a1791 F. Hopkinson Misc. Ess. & Occas. Writings (1792) II. 370 Their standard, the flag of a Merchant Ship of the United States—in the union 10 illuminated stars, 3 only traced out.
1835 Army & Navy Chron. 27 Aug. 276/2 That part [of the Greek flag] corresponding to the union in ours, is a white ground with a blue cross.
1899 Tribune Almanac 1/2 Prior to 1871 it bore an eagle in the union of the pennant.
1917 Berkeley (Calif.) Daily Gaz. 15 Sept. 8/1 The flag should never be displayed with the union down except as a signal of distress at sea.
1968 H. C. Hinton Far East & Southwest Pacific 14/1 National Flag [of Burma]: Red field, with a blue union in the upper left corner containing a large five-pointed star in the center surrounded by five smaller five-pointed stars.
2012 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 30 June c2 Although the Flag Code does not specify how the flag should be folded, tradition dictates you end up with a triangle with only the blue union showing.
19.
a. Usually with capital initial. With the. (The name of) a general club and debating society affiliated to a university, esp. the Cambridge Union Society or the Oxford Union Society (see Oxford Union n. at Oxford n. and adj. Compounds 2); the buildings of such a society.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > student societies
fraternity1777
Phi Beta Kappa1799
union1817
law society1821
Skull and Bones1845
Bones1869
corps1874
frat1895
sorority1900
union1911
Nusas1925
1817 (title) A statement regarding the Union, an academical debating society, which existed at Cambridge, from February 13th 1815 to March 24th 1817.
1835 Rep. Committee Oxf. Union Soc. 2 The Treasurer of the Union.
1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists ii. 55 Before the passing of the Reform Bill, there existed at Cambridge a certain debating club, called the ‘Union’.
1883 Oxf. Univ. Mag. 24 Jan. 7/1 No more eloquent speech has been heard in the Union during the last three years.
1891 Cal. St. Andrews Univ. 316 The general management of the Union.
1907 Cambr. Rev. 30 May 438/1 The Visitors' Debate at the Union is to be held on Monday, June 3rd.
1919 A. P. Moore-Anderson Sir Robert Anderson i. 4 He became Auditor, a position corresponding to that of President of the Union at Oxford or Cambridge.
1965 Times 7 May 14/5 Mr. Ali has expressed his regret at Sir Roy's resignation and thanked him for his services to the union.
2007 Oxf. Times (Nexis) 20 Nov. Various speakers who were due to take part in debates at the Union are boycotting speaking engagements.
b. (a) A student association at a particular university or college which provides support for students and is concerned with their welfare, rights, etc.; (b) (now chiefly British) a building at a university or college where students may meet socially, typically having cafes, bars, and other amenities.Short for student union n. at student n.1 Compounds 2. Cf. NUS n. at N n. Initialisms 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > student societies
fraternity1777
Phi Beta Kappa1799
union1817
law society1821
Skull and Bones1845
Bones1869
corps1874
frat1895
sorority1900
union1911
Nusas1925
1911 Alumni Q. (Univ. Illinois) Oct. 323/1 The Union Awakes... The Student's Union has for the first time in its history become a really active element in the direction of undergraduate affairs.
1947 H. Popenoe Now you're in College viii. 54 ‘Let's hike over to the Union and get a milk shake,’ you suggest to a group around the library steps.
1958 Michigan Technic Mar. 42/2 You know, I can't stand the Union, but I meet a lot of interesting people.
1966 G. R. Madan Indian Social Probl. I. iv. xii. 306 Dr. Z. N. Dastur..points out,..‘Few student unions are truly representing the student bodies. Most unions..act only as anti-administrative bodies.’
1985 P. Gosling Monkey Puzzle xv. 82 ‘Where the hell are you going, anyway?’ ‘To the union to get a sandwich.’
2012 Fiske Guide to Colleges 367 Soccer..is the national sport, and students [at St Andrews] congregate to watch pro teams..on the big-screen TV at the union.
20. In Britain and Ireland: a workhouse administered by a parish union (sense 15a); = union house n. (a) at Compounds 3. Frequently with capital initial. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > institutional homes > [noun] > for the poor, infirm, etc. > workhouse
working-house1597
workhouse1631
house of industry1679
spin-house1702
parish house1709
poorhouse1727
poorshouse1732
house?1825
union workhouse1830
union house1835
pauper asylum1837
great house1838
union1839
big house1851
spiniken1859
spike1866
lump1874
1839 Comic Almanack 168 I wish I was..in a poor-law union, where They never want a knife and fork.
1843 J. M. Neale Songs & Ballads for People 16 We never built the unions Wherein they starve the poor.
1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. xxx. 332 I wonder sometimes if I am doomed to die in the Union.
1936 W. A. Gape Half Million Tramps ii. 41 And what nice places the ‘Unions’ are!
1978 H. Leonard Da (rev. ed.) ii. 63 And after that you had me put into the Union.
2011 Hist. Ireland 19 9/1 Richmond Barracks and the South Dublin Union are partly demolished.
21. Sport. Usually with capital initial. Originally: short for rugby union n. 1. Now usually: the game played according to Rugby Union rules; short for rugby union n. 2.Often opposed to League.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > rugby football > [noun] > types of player > associations
rugby union1871
union1871
rugby league1905
1871 Bell's Life in London 29 July 8/6 The President took the chair, and opened the business of the meeting with a few introductory remarks on the formation of the Union.
1894 Sketch 14 Nov. 150/2 If the Yorkshire and Lancashire clubs do swear allegiance to the Union, the chances are that they will get themselves into a nice mess before long.
1927 H. J. Savage Games & Sports in Brit. Schools & Universities vii. 195 The Union is opposed to monetary testimonials.
1972 Observer 22 Oct. 26 The school, a grammar, played Union of course... League was only for council schools.
1988 Rugby News Nov. 15/1 In an average club game the ball is in play for only 20 minutes in union compared to 50 minutes in league.
2014 Daily Mercury & Rural Weekly (Mackay, Queensland) (Nexis) 17 June 36 I never really followed union when I was younger, I've always been a rugby league boy.
V. A thing that connects one thing to another.
22. A connector of metal or plastic that can be attached to the end of a pipe or tube to enable it to be readily joined to or separated from a similar pipe or some other part (as a tap); = pipe coupling n. at pipe n.1 Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > connecting pipe or tube > fittings of
union1841
reducing piece1864
Siamese1914
Siamese connection1914
1841 C. Davy Archit. Precedents vii. 33 The cistern to have 2 brass unions, firmly fixed in its side.
1863 Illustr. Hand-bk. & Price Current Machinery & Iron Work (Appleby Bros.) 59 Wrought-iron wrenches for hose unions.
1889 Daily News 11 Feb. 4/7 Makers of cocks, taps, unions, and bar fittings are fairly busy.
1973 T. Pynchon Gravity's Rainbow i. 41 Canvas hoses run fat with pressure, hastily threaded unions sending out stars of cold spray.
1998 Compl. Guide Home Plumbing (Black & Decker) 66/1 (caption) When assembled, the union and nipples must equal the length of the pipe that is being replaced.

Phrases

P1. at union: in harmony or agreement; joined, united. Frequently with with. Now rare.
ΚΠ
a1485 H. Baradoun in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 289 Hertis ease & I be not at vnion.
1581 R. Parsons Discouerie I. Nicols sig. D.vijv By long laboure, and peril to his owne parson, he quieted & set at vnion..the cittezens of Genua, soe farr in discord amongest them selues.
1685 Remonstr. Church Eng. to Houses Parl. 3 Shall we continue to put the Rigour of the Laws equally in Execution against these who would live at Union with us?
1737 W. Harte Union & Harmony Reason, Morality & Revealed Relig. 16 Thus I have shown that reason, morality, and revealed religion are all perfectly at union with each other.
1790 W. Gilpin Expos. New Test. 450 So that the body, and it's members being all at union, no part can suffer without injury to the rest.
1899 Church Union (N.Y.) Nov. 364/2 When peoples begin to recognize that they are at union in the most fundamental and important of these instincts, it will be a wonderful impelling force towards brotherliness and peace.
1932 D. L. Douie Nature & Effect Heresy of Fraticelli iv. 119 His was certainly a complex nature, formed of various elements not always at union with one another.
P2. in union: in harmony, agreement, or concord (with someone or something); in a united state; together, as one. Now somewhat archaic.
ΚΠ
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Rawl.) (1974) 176 Theime that gouernyd the ant [read at] that tyme in vnion and plentuous tranquillite.
1568 W. Barker tr. G. B. Gelli Fearfull Fansies of Florentine Couper f. 70v I mynded to request thee, that thou woldst giue some..rule of it,..that we might long kepe oure selues in vnion.
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar xv. §18 If we consider good life in union and concretion with particular..actions of piety.
1792 T. Coke & H. Moore Life J. Wesley ii. iv. 355 Mr. Wesley's great desire to remain in union with the Church of England.
1835 G. T. Burnett Outl. Bot. II. 970 In some the aromatic principle is in union with..the essential oil.
1965 G. Baum De Ecclesia iii. 31 The bishops of the Catholic Church in union with the pope..constitute a [collegial] body.
1981 D. J. Bellamy & T. J. Bellamy Bellamy's Backyard Safari 63 When they whirr in union..they give the impression of two rotating cartwheels.
1991 Observer 6 Oct. 42/6 This [Rugby] World Cup is certainly providing plenty of examples of the ‘world in union’, as the song says.
2001 BBC Monitoring Middle East (Nexis) 10 Oct. Iran has no obligation to any of the warring parties and is not in union with either side.
P3. union down (also downwards): (of the hoisting or flying of a flag) upside down with the union (sense 18) in the lower corner, as a sign of distress or mourning.
ΚΠ
1783 J. N. Inglefield Narr. Loss Centaur 9 I immediately gave orders to make the signal of distress, hoisting the ensign on the stump of the mizenmast, union downwards.
1804 Naval Chron. 12 144 The colours..were hoisted Union downwards.
1883 Harper's Mag. Jan. 321/1 The American flag..was by mistake hoisted ‘union down’.
1934 Motor Boating Oct. 114/2 Another flag arrangement that has long since passed from use but which was not dissimilar to our ensign flown union down as a distress signal, was the ‘weft’.
2008 Jrnl. County Louth Archaeol. & Hist. Soc. 26 519 He reduced sail to close-reefed topsails and part trysail and hoisted his ensign, union down, as a flag of distress.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a. In sense 3b, with the sense ‘of, belonging to, or supporting the union between England and Scotland, or between Britain and Ireland’, as Union arms, Union colours, Union parliament, etc.Recorded earliest in Union flag n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > [noun] > armorial bearings or coat of arms > union arms of Britain
Union arms1634
society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > flag > Union Jack
Union colours1634
Union flag1634
Union Jack1674
union1720
red, white, and blue1855
society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [noun] > union of English and Scottish parliaments
union1604
Union parliament1771
1634 in R. Sanderson Rymer's Fœdera (1732) XIX. 549/1 None shall from henceforth presume to carry the Union Flag in the main Top or other part of their Ships.
1690 J. Lowther et al. Let. 27 Dec. in Mariner′s Mirror (1911) 1 59 Some distinction Pendants to be worne by the said Commander-in-Chiefe made with the Union Cross in the place where other distinction pendants have only St. George′s Crosse.
1707 London Gaz. No. 4374/1 On Two opposite Corners were the Union Arms.
1707 London Gaz. No. 4374/1 The Norton Galley hoisted the Union Colours.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 234 During the sitting of the union-parliament [at Edinburgh in 1707].
1811 Gen. Regulations & Orders Army 13 The first Standard, Guidon, or Colour of Regiments, which is the Union Colour.
1832 J. G. Lockhart Noctes Ambrosianae in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 714 We shall ere long see some out-and-outer union-man replace even on the Woolsack your illustrious friend.
a1916 A. Robertson Life Sir Robert Moray (1922) vii. 143 The Union Commissioners met, and Sir Robert was chosen as one of the Scottish representatives.
2013 Scotsman (Nexis) 11 Mar. 5 (heading) Doctor hits out at Union campaign's scare tactics.
b. Textiles. In sense 14, designating fabric composed of two or more different materials woven together, as union cloth, union cord, union cord braid, union damask, union diaper, union goods, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from mixed fibres > [noun]
union1805
union cloth1805
union goods1805
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > of specific size > narrow > cord
bobbin1641
union cord braid1882
1805Union cloth [see sense 14].
1851 C. Brontë Let. 8 Dec. (2000) II. 726 We have got curtains of union Cloth for the dining-room.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Cotton-tick, a material for bed and pillow cases, &c., which is either plain or twilled, and sometimes composed partly of linen, as in union tick.
1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. xxi. §3995 Woollen and union cloths.
1867 R. Hunt Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 6) III. 971 Union goods, cloths of a mixed character, as of flax and jute, or cotton and jute.
1868 Chambers's Encycl. X. 268/1 Many of the names used in the all-wool class are retained in this [sc. fabrics composed of wool and cotton], with the addition of the word ‘union’, as union merino, union shalloon, union damask, &c.
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 507 Union cord, a round white cord, made for stay-laces,..composed of both linen and cotton thread.
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 507 Union Cord Braid, Union Diaper.
1926 Farmers' Bull. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 1449. 22/2 (gloss.) Shaker flannel, originally a mixed wool and cotton fabric make by a religious sect known as Shakers. Now a cotton or union fabric.
1955 E. Ostick Draper's Encycl. 44 Chemical action processes..are applied to fine poplins, gabardines, heavy twills, union tweeds [etc.].
2005 C. Mendelson Laundry iii. xix. 308 Union linen. A fabric with cotton warp and linen filling. Sometimes this is called union cloth.
c. (a) In sense 19a, with the sense ‘of, relating to, or characteristic of the Union Society at Oxford or Cambridge University’, as Union audience, Union president, Union rhetoric, Union speech, etc.; (b) in sense 19b, with the sense ‘of or belonging to the student union of a university or college’, as union bar, union cafeteria, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [noun] > hearer or listener > assembly of
auditoryc1380
audiencea1387
auditurec1550
union1834
captive audience1902
the mind > language > speech > speech-making > rhetoric > [noun]
rhetoricc1330
pronunciation?a1439
rhetory?a1500
well-speaking1511
oratorya1522
rhetorism1569
declaiming1577
pronouncec1600
acroama1603
eloquence1623
rhetoricalness1670
hypocritic1776
union1834
Speakership1887
oracy1965
the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > a speech > in universities
music speech1693
union1834
valedictory1847
baccalaureate-sermon1864
inaugural1958
1834 Athenæum 1 Mar. 161/3 Wyatt's rooms were the scene of the Union debates.
1870 Sat. Rev. 23 Apr. 548/2 There is nothing about him savouring of the Union speech or of the Prize Essay.
1874 Belgravia Nov. 79 At Oxford he devoted himself to the cultivation of Union rhetoric.
1906 Cambr. Rev. 8 Nov. 67/2 He had not lost the power to charm a Union audience.
1958 Michigan Technic Mar. 42/2 I was sitting in the Union cafeteria when a couple of guys I know came up and said they were going to a party.
1972 A. Roth Heath & Heathmen iii. 38 The Union debate in support of the motion ‘that this House disapproves of the policy of peace without honour’.
1984 Guardian (Nexis) 4 Sept. (Educ. section) Union bars may stage promotion nights, when a drinks company will try to get you hooked on its product by..selling it at half price.
1995 H. Garner First Stone (1996) 100 As I walked down the stairs of the Union building I thought in dismay, is this what feminism has mutated into?
2009 Oxf. Mail 1 Apr. Union president Corey Dixon said: ‘We needed to ensure we had three speakers on each side of the debate.’
d. In sense 15a, with the sense ‘of, belonging to, or supported by a parish union’, as union boy, union officer, etc. Now historical.
ΚΠ
1835 Morning Post 4 Dec. Let them let their premises for a bazaar, a national dairy, or a union poor-house under the new Poor Law Act.
1846 (title) The Union and Parish Officer's pocket almanac and guide.
1859 J. H. Steggall Real Hist. Suffolk Man i. 29 I was worse than any union boy with his hair polled.
1871 ‘M. Legrand’ Cambr. Freshman 303 He's out o' the Union... The Union men break the stones on the roads.
1946 J. Masefield Poems 87 With the Union boys he came and went, A parish bastard fed on bread and tea.
2006 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 45 72 [She] applied to her Union poor law officials for financial relief in April 1871.
e. Mechanics. In sense 22, designating a thing that joins or connects two other things, or which consists of things so joined. Cf. union joint n. at Compounds 3.
ΚΠ
1839 Proc. Old Bailey 16 Dec. 235 A black satin long-ended stock with a union pin in it, that is, two pins chained together by a short chain.
1854 First Rep. Dept. Sci. & Art App. N. 523 (table) in Parl. Papers XVIII. 269 Union fastener for sashes and tables.
1899 C. McShane Locomotive up to Date 265 The connection of the feed-pipe with the valve-casing is preferably through the medium of a union coupling.
1921 Gas Manuf., Distribution & Use (Brit. Commerc. Gas Assoc.) ii. 80/1 For many years the general use of gas lights..consisted of various type of ‘flat flame’ burners, called cockspur, coxcomb, batswing, union-jet or fishtail.
1985 D. Holloway Which? Bk. Plumbing & Central Heating (1992) xiii. 150/1 The connections to the boiler should be made with copper to male iron capillary union couplings rather than iron to copper compression couplings.
2003 D. M. Vidler Automotive Engine Performance (ed. 3) x. 449 Remove the union bolt and the cold start injector fuel line.
f. North American. Designating any of various one-piece garments, as union overalls, union pyjamas, union undergarment, etc. Recorded earliest and now chiefly in union suit n. (b) at Compounds 3.
ΚΠ
1846 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 25 Sept. Ladies' merino under Union Suits.
1858 Daily Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 13 Dec. (advt.) Ladies Union Under Garments, consisting of Vest and Drawers united.
1896 Godey's Mag. Feb. 218/2 Union undergarments of silk or wool.
1920 Clothing Trade Jrnl. Sept. 287/1 My invention..is an improvement in men's union overalls that is in bifurcated one piece or union garments.
1920 S. Lewis Main St. xiv. 172 He marched from the room, a grotesque figure in baggy union-pajamas.
1943 Times Record (Troy, N.Y.) 10 Mar. 8/6 The United States Patent Office has granted a patent to Arthur M. Butler..on his patent of a union undergarment.
g. In sense 13a(b), with the sense ‘of or belonging to the side in the American Civil War (1861–5) which opposed the seceding Confederate states’, as Union Army, Union banner, Union League, Union man, Union planter, Union soldier, etc. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > American armies in Civil War
federal1861
Union Army1861
black hats1862
boys in blue1864
society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > support of Union in Civil War > supporter
unionist1815
Fed1861
federal1861
unioner1861
Union man1861
Tory1862
red-leg1863
society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > support of Union in Civil War > league
Union League1861
society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > flag > U.S. flag > Union flag
Union flag1776
Union banner1861
1861 Republican Jrnl. (Columbus, Wisconsin) 26 Apr. Statements of fights between the rebels and the Union men.
1861 Republican Jrnl. (Columbus, Wisconsin) 26 Apr. Those brave men who have or may volunteer in the Union army to maintain the government and enforce the laws.
1863 N. Hawthorne Our Old Home I. 7 The latest is now a gallant general under the Union banner.
1865 J. Bright Speeches Amer. Question 182 Not Union planters only, but Secession planters, began to bring in the produce.
1866 L. S. Thompson & M. J. Jackson in H. L. Gates Six Women's Slave Narr. (1988) 13 I told my mistress that the Union soldiers were coming to take the camp.
1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 289 Loyal Leagues, as well as Union Leagues, were formed all over the country.
1931 E. O'Neill Homecoming i, in Mourning becomes Electra (1932) 27 He wears the uniform of an artillery captain in the Union Army.
1967 T. Wilder Eighth Day 11 The Memorial Park with its statue of a Union soldier.
2004 B. Bunch & A. Hellemans Hist. Sci. & Technol. 383/1 The Monitor.., the first ironclad ship on the Union side of the Civil War to see actual battle.
2005 Oral Hist. Rev. 32 9 Our collective memory of Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox and Union victory at Gettysburg.
h. Sport. In sense 21, with the sense ‘of, belonging, or relating to Rugby Union football’, as union game, union player, union rule, etc.
ΚΠ
1883 Manchester Guardian 19 Oct. 3 It seems strange that the Rugby Union, the authority in all that relates to football when played under Union rules, has not before now followed the example of the dribbling organisation.
1895 Athenaeum 30 Mar. 402/3 An old Rugby player..who is apt to think that what the Union game has gained in speed it has lost in variety.
1947 Manchester Guardian 9 July 4 The refusal to allow a man..to play Union football after he has ever played the League game even as an amateur.
1995 Times 5 Jan. 19/2 The loop, in which a back passes the ball and then loops outside to take the ball again, is a league invention adopted by union players.
2004 Rugby World Feb. 32/3 He's been in the media spotlight ever since he switched from rugby league to the union code.
C2.
a. General attributive and objective with sense ‘of, belonging, or relating to a trade union, associated with a union or unions’ (see sense 11b), as union agreement, union delegate, union organizer, union rule, union steward, union strike, union town, etc.
ΚΠ
1831 Manchester Guardian 22 Oct. 2 A number of..Irishmen, union delegates, and others..managed to create..considerable uproar.
1868 Punch 29 Feb. 89 Mr. Gladstone had described one of the Union rules as ‘worthy of savages’.
1874 Internat. Typogr. Union Proc. 14 Infringement on Union principles in the job department.
1892 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 31 July 3 The men claim that..the Wells Company signed the union agreement.
1898 Monthly S. Dakotan 1 106 Hats are made in union factories and in scab factories.
1910 Mother Earth Apr. 43 A union strike has more stamina than a non-union strike.
1925 Amer. Mercury Oct. 191/2 The miners..flock to the first union organizer who hoists a foghorn voice.
c1926 ‘Mixer’ Transport Workers' Song Bk. 5 He hates to pay his Union fees.
1941 Handbk. Labor Statistics (U.S. Dept. Labor) 463 Employees working on ‘union’ jobs would be required to continue membership in good standing.
1969 Times 30 Apr. 26/6 The British Steel Corporation's new policy of white collar union recognition.
1975 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 23 May 1 Mail is now being sorted in strict accordance with regulations, a union spokesman said.
1987 New Left Rev. Jan. 62 ‘Union power’ became the whipping-boy of Wilsonite rhetoric.
1992 Utne Reader Mar. 42/1 Union activists worked side by side with..art and theater movements.
1998 Teacher Jan. 14/2 The courses..aim to update you on union policy.
2002 Dissent Spring 114/1 ‘Right-to-work’ laws..expanded employers' abilities to challenge union representation.
2011 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 6 Nov. (Business section) 9/1 The book says that the Ronald Reagan of early 1981..had been reaching out for union support.
b.
union card n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [noun] > employee's documents
union card1852
working card1855
work card1878
pie card1895
card1913
society > occupation and work > working > association of employers or employees > [noun] > trade union > union card
union card1852
working card1855
card1890
pie card1895
1852 Proc. 3rd National Convent. Journeymen Printers 26 The National Union shall issue..an engraved card, with appropriate designs, to be called the ‘Union Card’.
1925 J. Dos Passos Manhattan Transfer i. ii. 24 ‘Cant git no job in the buildin trades without a union card,’ said the old man.
2005 J. Dicker United States of Wal-Mart v. 97 Workers simply came to their senses..and ripped up their union cards.
union dues n.
ΚΠ
1864 Telegrapher 26 Sept. 5/2 If any member shall refuse or neglect to pay either his Union dues or District fines for the period of six months, he shall be expelled from membership.
1977 Undercurrents June 11/4 Being an anarchist I don't take dole nor can I afford union dues.
2012 Guardian (Nexis) 4 June 23 Union membership has slumped since he banned automatic deduction of union dues from salaries.
union jobber n. [ < union n.2 + jobber n.2]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > [noun] > of a company, etc. > one who
botcher?1518
broker?1518
jobber1739
union jobber1832
fraudster1975
1832 Albion & Star 11 May The union jobbers and other speculators in anarchy.
1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 411/1 The many dishonest abstractions of their [sc. Pension Societies'] funds, of which the mere Union jobbers are so often guilty.
1997 C. Proper in A. Ross No Sweat 185 The system actually served union jobbers' and contractors' economic interests.
union leader n.
ΚΠ
1860 Trades' Societies & Strikes (National Assoc. Promotion Social Sci.) 156 The masters impugned the honesty of the Union leaders; they accused them of clamouring for a rise of wages..whilst they themselves sweated their own journeymen.
1904 McClure's Mag. Dec. 133/1 Union leaders nearly always dislike to admit that such restrictions of work are practised.
1943 Sun (Baltimore) 1 June 10/2 Many of the AFL transit rank and filers—perhaps even many of their union leaders—agree at heart with Messrs. Green and Katz.
2004 D. Peace GB 84 420/1 No union leaders worth their salt would ever be a party to such measures.
union member n.
ΚΠ
1825 Courier 3 Sept. 4/3 [Some of] the Bradford weavers, since the strike..refused to work at hay-making... Some of the Union members [are] getting employment..at other places.
1949 Polit. Reorientation Japan vi. 239 A number of union members occupied the Aikodo Company's plant in September 1947.
2007 Miami Herald (Nexis) 16 June b3 A labor march through Miami Beach..ended..after police arrested a local union member.
union membership n.
ΚΠ
1869 Morning Herald (Titusville, Pa.) 23 June He had attained his majority and was eligible to union membership [sc. of the Columbia Typographical Union].
1911 M. W. Ovington Half Man 98 The bricklayers..send men North with union membership, who easily transfer to New York locals.
2006 T. Attwood Increasing Efficiency School Admin. vi. 17 Some staff were members of the union..while some had no union membership.
union movement n.
ΚΠ
1841 Northern Star & Leeds Gen. Advertiser 30 Jan. (heading) The proposed ‘union’ movement.
1875 R. J. Hinton Eng. Radical Leaders iv. xix. 333 The police were used..to protect the blacklegs, as those are called who work outside the Union movement.
1911 A. Lewis Militant Proletariat iii. 142 The union movement is the only one capable of uniting the workers as a class on the grounds of their economic interests.
1979 Daily Tel. 9 Aug. 2/7 The union movement has not been responsible for ratcheting up inflation.
2004 Independent 11 Nov. 40/3 The union movement would resist decisions to move jobs offshore.
union negotiator n.
ΚΠ
1919 Manch. Guardian 4 Dec. 7/4 On the return of the Union negotiators from the ministry of Labour yesterday.
2000 Observer 18 June 26/3 Union negotiators had by now talked their way into the boardrooms of nine companies.
union official n.
ΚΠ
1863 Leicester Chron. 11 July 8 (heading) The salaries of union officials.
1941 Chester (Pa.) Times 29 Mar. 2/8 Union officials said that 1,500 new members were among the men entering the plant.
2010 Daily Tel. 11 Oct. 33/5 [A] movie set in the swinging Sixties in which the female sewing-machine workers take on ruthless bosses and wily union officials.
union worker n.
ΚΠ
1868 Express 16 Dec. 4/6 The masters..complain that the rate of wages is higher than at Carron, where there were no union workers.
1923 J. D. Hackett Labor Terms in Managem. Engin. May Glossary [Discrimination is] the act of employing non-union workers to the exclusion of union workers.
2011 New Yorker 17 Jan. 24/2 Union workers often still have defined-benefit pensions, which sets them apart from all those Americans who watched their retirement accounts get ravaged by the financial crisis.
C3.
† union-band n. poetic Obsolete rare a bond of union; a tie.
ΚΠ
1723 E. Fenton Mariamne iii. vi. 32 Such as good spirits are suppos'd to sing O'er saints, while death dissolves the union-band, And frees them from the fretful dream of life.
union baron n. depreciative a powerful trade-union leader.
ΚΠ
1942 Michigan Technic May 4/3 The great union barons have been accused of getting in some low punches.
1974 Socialist Worker 26 Oct. 11/5 There is a need for links with the other unions in the entertainment industry and beyond, not just Media Conferences where Labour MPs and union barons spout and TV directors nod approvingly.
2013 Daily Mail (Nexis) 23 Dec. 14 Mr Miliband is delaying plans to loosen the grip of union barons on the party.
union-basher n. a person who subjects trade unions to criticism or attack.
ΚΠ
1968 Guardian 21 Aug. 6/6 Lord Donovan's grey drizzle of a royal commission may have left congenital union-bashers cold and dejected.
1994 Face Oct. 155/2 A collaborator in McCarthy's anti-Communist witchhunt and a pathological union basher.
union-bashing adj. and n. (a) adj. that subjects trade unions to criticism or attack; (b) n. the action or practice of targeting trade unions for criticism or attack.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > association of employers or employees > [noun] > trade union > destruction of trade unions
union-smashing1891
union-bashing1969
1969 Guardian 18 Jan. 1/6 Mrs Castle is not merely involved in a politically motivated union bashing exercise.
1969 Spectator 2 May 575/3 Union bashing is very nearly the only distinctive Tory policy with any electoral appeal.
1996 B. Connolly Rotten Heart of Europe (ed. 2) xiii. 351 The swing votes in the Council were union-bashing ‘hawks’.
1997 Sight & Sound Jan. 4/1 With union-bashing apparently back in favour, I take some solace from the fact that the US movie unions appear yet again to be exercising their power in the name of culture.
union boss n. (a) (originally) a manager who is a member of or recognizes a trade union; (b) (later) the leader of a trade union or a local branch of a union (now the usual sense).
ΚΠ
1882 N.Y. Times 4 July 5/4 Several journeymen [sc. horse-shoers] stating that the union bosses were not willing to give them work.
1889 St. James's Gaz. 5 Dec. 3/2 To make..the Union ‘boss’..supreme in industrial affairs.
1901 Thirty-sixth Ann. Rep. (Bricklayers' & Masons' Internat. Union Amer.) 6 Fred Hill was in favor of working for none but Union bosses.
1990 R. Critchfield Among British vii. 459 Labour, with all its out-of-date socialist hang-ups, class hostilities,..and old-time union bosses.
2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Apr. c23/3 Protector of working women, faithful to those who have faith in her, she is as tough and demanding as a union boss.
union bow n. Archery rare a bow made of two or more pieces joined together.
ΚΠ
1843 Architect, Engineer, & Surveyor Jan. 20/2 The ‘back or union bow’, is made of two, or sometimes three pieces, glued together.
2003 R. Beer Handbk. Tibetan Buddhist Symbols 116/1 The Mongol horsemen..employed a particularly effective form of the composite or union-bow.
union branch n. a local division of a trade union.
ΚΠ
1893 Dundee Courier & Argus 12 Dec. 5 The miners' leaders yesterday issued a circular to the secretaries of the different Union branches in the West of Scotland stating [etc.].
1927 Metal Trades Dept. Bull. July 3/1 Trade unions gain in Canada... The number of union branches increased by 21 to 2,515.
2003 New Yorker 21 Apr. 145/2 The National Union of Journalists called a meeting of the chapel, as a union branch is known in this trade.
union buster n. a person who attempts to dissolve, undermine, or prevent the formation of, a trade union.
ΚΠ
1890 Daily Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 24 Apr. Last evening the man Thompson, employed in the Union Iron Works, and who proclaims himself to be a ‘union buster’, left for the East, and the opinion of the striking molders is that he has gone to try to hunt up more men for the works.
1979 Economist 17 Nov. 50/3 The union busters have notched up their greatest successes in hospitals, insurance and banking.
2007 N.Y. Mag. 13 Aug. 12/3 Murdoch is a known union buster, and this one vociferously resisted his acquisition of the company.
union-busting adj. and n. (a) adj. that attempts to dissolve, undermine, or prevent the formation of, a trade union; (b) n. the action or practice of attempting to dissolve, undermine, or prevent the formation of, a trade union.
ΚΠ
1907 Iowa Unionist 19 July That part of the public press subsidized to sneeze on command of the ‘union busting’ employers' associations.
1908 Tribune (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) 21 Feb. A united and simultaneous action has been arranged between the big corporations to center their forces for union busting at Los Angeles.
1947 Sun (Baltimore) 26 June 1/7 Union-busting act.
1965 Life 14 May 4/2 Some labor leaders..remember the bad old times when the open shop (or ‘American Plan’) was a euphemism for union-busting.
2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 17 Feb. (Styles section) 5/1 On my first date with Lorne, over black ink pasta and Chianti, I ranted about union busting.
2008 Daily Tel. 4 Aug. (Business section) b8/2 The Government-appointed court..has taken the highly unusual step of amending one of its judgments that criticised the behaviour of ‘union-busting’ firm The Burke Group.
† union-canopy n. poetic Obsolete rare a canopy under which people may join in union.
ΚΠ
1824 T. Fenby Wild Roses 51 There we agreed that the tree, Which love's union-canopy made​, Should henceforward our meeting-place be.
union catalogue n. a catalogue of the combined holdings of several libraries; cf. union list n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > book list > [noun] > list of books in library or libraries
finding list1866
union list1885
union catalogue1897
1897 Libr. Jrnl. Sept. 437 One of the latest examples of co-operative library work is the union catalog of medical literature recently completed in Denver.
2003 Jrnl. Musicol. 20 143 My own January 2003 survey of two prominent online ‘union catalogs’..suggests that only four of his compositions are found outside of special collections.
union dye n. a dye made by mixing two different dyes; esp. one used to dye the two materials of a union cloth, typically cotton (cellulose) and wool or silk (protein).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > dye > types of dyes
pallOE
sanders1329
raddlea1350
nutgallc1450
bark1565
logwood1581
sanders-wood1615
catechu1682
cate1698
cachou1708
valonia1722
India wood1742
cutch1759
alizari1769
standard1808
iron buff1836
colorine1838
acid dye1840
garancin1843
French tub1846
suranji1848
morindin1849
water blue1851
union dye1852
indigo-carmine1855
hernant1858
pigment colour1862
rosaniline1862
rose aniline1862
bezetta1863
bottom1863
acid colour1873
paraphenylenediamine1873
indigo-extract1874
tin-pulp1874
phthalein1875
sightening1875
chrome1876
rose bengal1878
azo-colours1879
azine1887
basic dye1892
chromotrope1893
garance1896
ice colour1896
xylochrome1898
cross-dye1901
indanthrene1901
Lithol1903
vat dye1903
thioindigo1906
para red1907
vat colour1912
vat dyestuff1914
indanthrone1920
ionamine1922
Soledon1924
Solochrome1924
Solacet1938
indigoid1939
thioindigoid1943
fluorol1956
Procion1956
1852 Morning Chron. 21 May 8/4 (advt.) The third, called the Atrapilatory Union Dye, is a mixture of the two others, and produces intermediate shades [for the hair].
1881 U.S. Patent 239,954 879/1 ‘Black union dye’..is composed of extract of logwood dissolved in alcohol or hot water.
1992 N. Belter Batik & Tie Dye Techniques (new ed.) v. 64 Household dyes, sometimes called union dyes, contain portions of two distinct classes of dye, direct and acid, enabling them to be used successfully on both cellulose and protein fibers.
2005 M. Lincoln Comprehensive Dyeing Guide iii. 57/1 Cushing's Turquoise Blue union dye was a beautiful color, but sometimes it dyed too bright.
union dyeing n. the dyeing of a blend of two different materials (typically cotton with wool or silk) using an appropriate dye (cf. union dye n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > dyeing > [noun] > processes or techniques
masteringa1475
woading1613
aluming1735
saddening1743
bouillon1791
galling1791
dunging1792
piece-dyeing1863
union dyeing1875
batik1880
batiking1880
tie-and-dye1886
cross-dyeing1901
tie-dying1903
vat dyeing1912
tie-dye1926
tied dyeing1928
ikat1931
overdyeing1939
yūzen1958
spin-dyeing1961
1875 Capital & Labour 10 Mar. 44/1 In this art, technically called ‘union dyeing’, he was remarkably successful.
1974 N. G. Harries & T. E. Harries Textiles vi. 517 Two variations of piece dyeing are union dyeing and cross dyeing.
2013 A. C. Welham in D. M. Lewis & J. A. Rippon Coloration Wool & other Keratin Fibres iii. 89 Restraining agents are also used in wool/cotton blend or union dyeing.
union government n. government of or by any of various politically unified territories (see sense 3a); spec. (sometimes with capital initials) (a) South African the government of a state corresponding to modern South Africa and created in 1910 from former British colonies, Boer republics, and African tribal territories, following the South Africa Act of 1909 (now historical); (b) the central government of the Republic of India, established by the Constitution of India in 1947.
ΚΠ
1788 Amer. Museum 4 60/2 May the Union Government protect the Manufactures of America.
1899 V. A. Nilsson Sweden xviii. 420 From the Swedish side the desirability of..a greater authority for the Union government has been expressed.
1909 Current Lit. July 38/1 Botha settled the quarrel that resulted in the choice of Pretoria as the seat of the new union government.
1946 R. Prasad India Divided vi. xli. 485 Such officers as may be needed for officering the national army..shall be obtained by..agreement between the Union Government and His Majesty's Government.
1960 A. J. Luthuli in H. Spottiswoode S. Afr. 112 We should never forget that much of our suffering..had its genesis..during the lifetime of the first Union Government.
2004 Guardian (Electronic ed.) 24 Dec. Indira plucked her protégé out of Hyderabad to serve in the union government in Delhi.
union grass n. U.S. rare any of various grasses of (or formerly included in) the genus Uniola, esp. U. paniculata and Chasmanthium latifolium.
ΚΠ
1861 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. (rev. ed.) 800 (heading) Uniola, L. Union Grass.
1881 Second Biennial Rep. (State Board Agric. Kansas) 461 Growing among bushes is one of our handsomest grasses, Union Grass (Uniola latifolia).
1977 H. W. Dubach N. Carolina Coastal Zone & its Environment I. 58 (note) Union grass.
union hall n. a building in which a union (in various senses) meets or conducts its business; spec. the headquarters of a trade union used as a centre for meetings, for the recruitment of union workers, etc. (now chiefly U.S.).
ΚΠ
1825 J. T. Leigh's New Pocket Road-bk. 98 [At Chester] the Union Hall, for the accommodation of the Lancashire and Yorkshire merchants.
1888 Dundee Courier & Argus 24 Jan. The North British Railway servants..met in the Union Hall, Dunfermline,..for the purpose of taking steps to strengthen the Association.
1945 J. Kerouac in W. S. Burroughs & J. Kerouac And Hippos were boiled in their Tanks (2008) vi. 65 There were scores of seamen standing around outside the Union Hall.
1988 Technol. & Culture 29 304 Colorado mining history..from the prospect hole to the miner's union hall.
2003 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 3 July 14/4 If he wanted to succeed as a band-booker he needed a very solid ally in the union hall.
union hours n. a particular number of working hours negotiated or guaranteed by a trade union.
ΚΠ
1867 Manch. Guardian 18 Apr. 4/1 ‘What are the Union hours now?’—Witness: ‘It depends on the locality. In London, for instance, it is 58½ hours per week.’
1945 G. Endore Methinks the Lady vii. 138 What rights? Overtime pay, maybe? Union hours? Sure.
2004 New Yorker 16 Feb. 175/2 Officious Filipinas who dropped unfinished any task that overran union hours.
union house n. (also with capital initial(s)) (a) (in Britain and Ireland) a workhouse administered by a parish union (sense 15a); now historical; (b) a printing house or (later) entertainment venue in which employees must belong to or join a trade union.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > institutional homes > [noun] > for the poor, infirm, etc. > workhouse
working-house1597
workhouse1631
house of industry1679
spin-house1702
parish house1709
poorhouse1727
poorshouse1732
house?1825
union workhouse1830
union house1835
pauper asylum1837
great house1838
union1839
big house1851
spiniken1859
spike1866
lump1874
1835 Ipswich Jrnl. 26 Dec. The dietary fixed on for the several Union-houses in East Kent would be inadequate to the necessities of nature.
1847 A. Smith Christopher Tadpole (1848) xlvi. 403 ‘Anything new at the Union House to-day, Mr. Mole?’
1891 Echo 17 Jan. 1/5 If overtime..is paid for at almost prohibitive rates, the result will be to deprive Union houses of orders.
1937 F. M. Ford Let. 27 Mar. (1965) 277 Doing what I can to persuade any publishers..[to have] their printing done by union houses.
1999 Britannia 30 32 A complete bronze letter ‘V’..was discovered on the site of the Union House, Colchester.
2011 S. Slaton Mixing Musical xii. 147 It is possible for shows to tour without using union crews. If this happens, then when the show plays a union house there could be rules the road crew has to follow.
union joint n. a joint of a pipe with another pipe or with a tap, etc., made using a union (sense 22).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > screw > other types of screw
wrench1552
needle screw1663
female screw1667
stop-screw1680
male screw1682
wood-screw1733
right and left handed screw1738
screw eye1787
claw-screw1795
screw shaft1818
union joint1819
union screw1820
right-and-left screw1821
binding-screw1828
coach screw1874
lag bolt1893
grub-screw1903
Allen screw1910
multithread1921
self-tapper1949
1819 T. S. Peckston Theory & Pract. Gas-lighting xvi. 304 The union-joint admits of a facility in unconnecting the work, should it at any time be found necessary.
1914 Trade Marks Jrnl. 21 Jan. 85 Electric conduits and union joints and fittings therefor.
2010 D. Selakovich Killer Camera Rigs (ed. 3) xv. 213 Some of you may have noticed that the union joint disappeared from this photo.
union label n. North American a label on a product indicating it has been manufactured by workers belonging to a trade union.
ΚΠ
1881 Defiance (Ohio) Democrat 9 June By the power Invested in us by the cigar makers International Union of America, we grant him the right of using the union label on his manufactured goods.
1920 Journeyman Barber Aug. 225/1 The value of the union label is..to indicate to the purchaser that all the labor performed..was done entirely by members of Organized Labor who were working under sanitary conditions and at a fairly good remuneration.
1980 M. Tax Rising of Women (2001) iii. v. 103 The Union Label League, a women's auxiliary to the AFL whose only function was to persuade consumers to buy union goods.
2003 Wall St. Jrnl. 10 Mar. a18/1 Look no further than the musicians' strike... The only song anyone is belting out on Broadway these days is ‘Look for the Union Label’.
union list n. a list of the combined holdings of several libraries, esp. one giving details of periodical holdings; cf. union catalogue n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > book list > [noun] > list of books in library or libraries
finding list1866
union list1885
union catalogue1897
1885 Libr. Jrnl. 10 370 A union list of periodicals in these libraries.
1978 Amer. Notes & Queries 17 9/1 I am initiating a union list of 19th century photographically illustrated books in library collections throughout the country.
2012 H. F. Christenberry et al. Lit. Res. & Postcolonial Lit. vii. 123 Union lists have mostly been abandoned as a means of accumulating current information.
union-made adj. North American (of a product) manufactured or produced by workers belonging to a trade union.Often used in the advertising and labelling of goods: cf. union label n.
ΚΠ
1886 Boston Daily Globe 15 Nov. 5/3 The striking elastic web weavers..had got out a circular advising all members of labor organizations to patronize only the union made goods bearing the word ‘Suffolk’.
1903 Shoe Workers' Jrnl. July 5 We do not consider it necessary to draw comparisons between convict-made shoes and union-made shoes.
1963 New Yorker 29 June 23 He smoked union-made cigarettes.
2006 A. Lappé & B. Terry Grub 71 We can look for union-made products, yes, but only a small percentage of farmworkers are unionized.
union-maker n. a person instrumental in bringing about a (particular) union of countries, states, or territories.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [noun] > union of English and Scottish parliaments > maker of
union-maker1606
1606 R. Pricket Times Anotomie Ep. Ded. sig. ¶2v And that Emperiall greatest vnion maker, whose prudent iudgement, laboureth in peace for to vnite, great Brittons Monarchie, in him, and in his Royall line.
1747 W. Murray Thistle 24 The Scots are very sick of the Union, and you may judge if they have any great Goust to the Union-makers.
1846 A. Amos Great Oyer Poisoning 4 The union-maker, King James.
2001 J. B. Freeman Affairs of Honor (2002) p. xvii The Union was fragile, and the Union makers were at odds.
union nut n. (a) a nut forming (part of) a union (sense 22); (b) a small Australian tree with pinnate leaves and short panicles of flowers, Bosistoa pentacocca (family Rutaceae), which produces a fine ornamental timber.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > nut > other nuts
box nut1794
union nut1835
castle-nut1902
1835 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 5 325 These parts of the tube may be connected together by any convenient means: union-nuts at the joints will perhaps answer the purpose best.
1876 Official Catal. Nat. & Industr. Products New S. Wales 79 Bossitoa sapindiformis. Muell. Rutaceæ. A small-sized tree, very plentiful on the Upper Richmond River... Union Nut.
2002 G. J. Harden Flora New S. Wales II. (rev. ed.) 262 (heading) Union Nut. Tree to 7 m high, branchlets with dense short yellow-grey hairs.
2007 B. Nesbitt Handbk. Valves & Actuators ix. 241/1 The union nut is not equipped with hexagon flats.
union pay n. (a) pay received from one's trade union, esp. in order to make up a shortfall in wages; (b) a minimum guaranteed rate of pay for members of a particular trade union.
ΚΠ
1844 Derby Mercury 10 Apr. The Union pay is very small compared with what was expected.
1853 Preston Chron. & Lancs. Advertiser 31 Dec. 7/2 The girl had been for her union pay, and on her return home was shivering with cold.
1897 12th Ann. Rep. Kansas Bureau of Labor 1896 33 Union pay is $8 to $18 per 1,000 cigars.
1914 D. H. Lawrence Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd iii. 75 Well, if he's badly hurt, there'll be the Union-pay, and sick-pay—we shall manage.
1996 Toronto Star (Nexis) 1 Mar. a6 I'm getting a regular paycheque and they (strikers) are getting union pay.
2009 P. F. Clark Building More Effective Unions (ed. 2) viii. 130 ‘You get what you pay for’, both in better productivity from higher paid union workers and in higher union pay attracting better qualified individuals to a given job.
† union pear n. Obsolete an English variety of cooking pear (also called Uvedale's St Germain).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of
calewey1377
honey peara1400
pome-pear1440
pome-wardena1513
choke-pear1530
muscadel1555
worry pear1562
lording1573
bon-chrétienc1575
Burgundian pear1578
king pear1585
pound pear1585
poppering1597
wood of Jerusalem1597
muscadine1598
amiot1600
bergamot1600
butter pear1600
dew-pear1600
greening1600
mollart1600
roset1600
wax pear1600
bottle pear1601
gourd-pear1601
Venerian pear1601
musk pear1611
rose pear1611
pusill1615
Christian1629
nutmeg1629
rolling pear1629
surreine1629
sweater1629
amber pear1638
Venus-pear1648
horse-pear1657
Martin1658
russet1658
rousselet1660
diego1664
frith-pear1664
maudlin1664
Messire Jean1664
primate1664
sovereign1664
spindle-pear1664
stopple-pear1664
sugar-pear1664
virgin1664
Windsor pear1664
violet-pear1666
nonsuch1674
muscat1675
burnt-cat1676
squash pear1676
rose1678
Longueville1681
maiden-heart1685
ambrette1686
vermilion1691
admiral1693
sanguinole1693
satin1693
St. Germain pear1693
pounder pear1697
vine-pear1704
amadot1706
marchioness1706
marquise1706
Margaret1707
short-neck1707
musk1708
burree1719
marquis1728
union pear1728
Doyenne pear1731
Magdalene1731
beurré1736
colmar1736
Monsieur Jean1736
muscadella1736
swan's egg1736
chaumontel1755
St Michael's pear1796
Williams1807
Marie Louise1817
seckel1817
Bartlett1828
vergaloo1828
Passe Colmar1837
glou-morceau1859
London sugar1860
snow-pear1860
Comice1866
Kieffer pear1880
sand pear1880
sandy pear1884
snowy pear1884
1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum at Pyrus (table) Union Pear, or Dr. Udell's Great Pear.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. 6 U The Union Pear; otherwise call'd Dr. Uvedale's St. Germain. This is a very large long Pear, of a deep green Colour.
1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 217 [Pears]. Uvedale's St. Germain (Abbé Mongein;..Union).
1878 T. Moore Thompson's Gardener's Assistant (new ed.) xvi. 395/2 Uvedale's Saint-Germain—syn...,Union.
Union pump n. now rare a pump combined with a source of power.Union is a proprietary name for pumps.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > pump > [noun] > other types of pump
bottom lift1778
rose pump1778
centrifugal pump1789
jack-heada1792
jet pump1850
sand-pump1865
Union pump1867
shell-pump1875
eductor1877
brake-pump1881
bull-pump1881
cam-pumpa1884
sand-reel1883
grasshopper1884
knapsack pump1894
knapsack sprayer1897
turbo-pump1903
Sylphon1906
slush pump1913
displacement pump1924
power pack1937
proportioner1945
solids pump1957
peristaltic pump1958
powerhead1981
Cornish pump-
1867 Amer. Artisan 4 Dec. 340/3 The cut accompanying this article represents the ‘Union’ pump, and is their latest improvement, and considered by them to be the ne plus ultra of pumps.
1931 Jrnl. Amer. Water Wks. Assoc. 23 375 Samples of water were taken from each of the electric wells and from the Union pump.
union purchase n. British (a) attributive designating a system of handling cargo involving two connected derricks working in tandem; (b) this system of handling cargo.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > tackle or purchase > [noun] > operation of two derricks in tandem
union purchase1925
1925 Scotsman 10 July 5/5 The cargo handling arrangements are very complete.., ten electric winches and fourteen derricks working on the Union purchase system.
1926 B. Cunningham Cargo Handling at Ports (ed. 2) v. 46 The principle of using the double line with a single hook for the combined process of lifting and slewing, called in this country [sc. Great Britain] the Union Purchase.
1961 B.S.I. News Mar. 13/1 Greater safety for stevedores handling cargo by the union purchase method (the operation of two ships' derricks in tandem).
1993 Mariner's Mirror 79 73 The two 3-ton derricks at each hatch..could be rigged in union-purchase.
union rep n. colloquial short for union representative n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > member of trade union > shop steward
shop steward1854
union representative1873
walking delegate1889
steward1943
union rep1948
1948 Indiana (Pa.) Evening Gaz. 23 Apr. 6/2 Swift and Company said it would attend the Washington meeting scheduled with union reps. next Wednesday.
1983 J. Monk in W. Johnson Working in Canada (ed. 2) 56 Workers often use their union reps..as someone would use a lawyer when they get in trouble with the authorities.
2011 Private Eye 27 May 31/3 Staff union reps at the college said it was ‘inconceivable’ that he [sc. the new principal] needed more than £22,000 worth of hand-holding in his new job.
union representative n. a person chosen by the members of a trade union to speak for them officially, esp. in negotiations with the management of a company or organization.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > member of trade union > shop steward
shop steward1854
union representative1873
walking delegate1889
steward1943
union rep1948
1873 Canada Farmer 15 Nov. 403/2 A party of laborers [from the National Agricultural Labourer's Union]..have proceeded, under the direction of one of the Union representatives, to the port of Liverpool.
1972 Science 12 May 620/1 A union representative must cope with the inevitable snobbism of the better educated engineer or chemist.
2002 D. Goleman et al. Business: Ultimate Resource 1827/2 The industry remains highly unionised... Many car makers have to observe co-determination rules: union representatives sit on their supervisory boards.
union room n. Brewing a room containing the casks used in the union system of removing excess yeast; see union system n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > room
tun-room1826
union room1870
1870 Q. Jrnl. Sci. 7 310 The barrels are raised above the floor... The chamber in which they are placed is called the ‘Union-room’, or tunnery.
1886 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ Curiosities Ale & Beer 339 The union-room..[at Allsopp's] contains 1,424 unions, which can cleanse 230,688 gallons at one time.
2014 R. Pattinson Home Brewer's Guide Vintage Beer ii. 30/2 Currently, Marston's in Burton is the only brewery with an active union room.
union rose n. (a) English History a representation of a rose consisting of the red rose of the House of Lancaster encircling the white rose of the House of York; = Tudor rose at Tudor adj. 2; (b) any of several varieties of rose with variegated red and white petals; cf. York and Lancaster rose at York n.1 2.
ΚΠ
1771 J. Ayloffe Hist. Descr. Anc. Picture Windsor-Castle 29 Then come two of the King's Henchmen..both of them dressed alike in crimson jackets, embroidered on the back with the Union Rose between a greyhound and a dragon.
1785 R. Graves Eugenius II. xxxi. 188 A great many variegated roses..called union roses (as they unite the party distinctions of York and Lancaster).
1824 Juvenile Gardener 65 Here is a large and spreading rose of two colours, which you will easily remember again, as it is named the Union Rose, from the mixture of the red and white in it.
1910 G. Clinch Eng. Costume (new ed.) xi. 216 On their breasts and backs is the Union rose ensigned with the crown royal embroidered with gold.
2012 Renaissance Q. 65 677 Important Tudor emblems and supporters, including the portcullis, griffin, red (as opposed to gold) dragon, and, above all, the union rose.
union rustic n. now rare a Eurasian noctuid moth, Eremobina pabulatricula, having distinctive brown markings on pale forewings.Possibly extinct in the United Kingdom, its last sighting being reported in 1935.
ΚΠ
1839 W. Wood Index Entomologicus Additions 240 (table) Connexa. Union Rustic. Apamea.
1907 R. South Moths Brit. Isles 1st Ser. 273 (heading) The union rustic... This very distinctly marked moth..is very local in the British Isles.
2009 C. Manley Brit. Moths & Butterflies (rev. ed.) 326/2 Union Rustic Eremobina pabulatricula Extinct... Last seen in Hertfordshire.
union scale n. the minimum guaranteed rate of pay for members of a particular trade union.
ΚΠ
1879 Dundee Courier & Argus 29 Apr. 5/4 The cabinetmakers of Leeds, after being on strike for a week, have resumed work on the masters' terms—viz., a reduction of 5 per cent. on the Union scale.
1937 Tempo Aug. 15/3 General upping of union scale on all local jobs expected for fall season.
1976 Honolulu Star-Bull. 21 Dec. d2/6 The artists will be paid union scale, and the Kennedy Center is donating the space, he added.
1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 231 So we were, I suppose, semi-professionals, though working well below union scale.
union screw n. a union joint with a screw thread on one side or both.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > screw > other types of screw
wrench1552
needle screw1663
female screw1667
stop-screw1680
male screw1682
wood-screw1733
right and left handed screw1738
screw eye1787
claw-screw1795
screw shaft1818
union joint1819
union screw1820
right-and-left screw1821
binding-screw1828
coach screw1874
lag bolt1893
grub-screw1903
Allen screw1910
multithread1921
self-tapper1949
1820 W. B. Gurney Rep. Trial Imperial Insurance Company 150 The pipe stood up some distance, and led off by an union screw, soldered to a lead pipe.
1850 J. Weale Rudim. Dict. Terms Archit. iv. 494/1 The feed-pipe is likewise attached to the lower end of the pump by a large union screw.
2005 P. Boileau & G. Walch in G. R. Williams et al. Shoulder & Elbow Arthroplasty iii. 36 After impaction, the head can be fixed with a union screw to the stem-neck unit.
union shop n. (originally) a shop, factory, trade, etc., in which all or most employees belong to a trade union; (in later use) a shop, factory, trade, etc., in which employees must belong to or agree to join a trade union.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession > trade or industry > trade-union only
union shop1834
closed shop1904
society > occupation and work > workplace > types of workplace generally > [noun] > for union or non-union workers
union shop1834
closed shop1904
1834 Crisis 14 June 80/1 Brothers, come and give our Union Shop a trial!
1870 Monticello (Iowa) Express 7 July I suppose the Crispins demanded the right of choosing their own companions, and of electing their own foreman. That is the privilege of every union shop in the land.
1904 McClure's Mag. Feb. 370/1 Many stores, restaurants, and saloons display placards in their windows advertising the fact that they are strictly union shops.
1937 F. M. Ford Let. 27 Mar. (1965) 276 I will..ask the publisher..whether or not the Riverside Press, which prints this book, is or is not a union shop.
2002 GQ Nov. 248/3 Neenah Foundry is a union shop.
union-smashing n. and adj. (a) n. the action or practice of attempting to eradicate, or destroy the power of, a trade union; (b) adj. that attempts to eradicate, or destroy the power of, a trade union.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > association of employers or employees > [noun] > trade union > destruction of trade unions
union-smashing1891
union-bashing1969
1891 Aberdeen Weekly Jrnl. 5 Nov. 6/3 Its principal office was union smashing, and the reduction of seamen's wages.
1893 Times 9 Nov. 5/5 The societies..were antagonistic to trade unions, and were, in fact, union-smashing agencies.
1999 L. Belfer City of Light (2005) xix. 287 He alone was keeping back the union-smashing forces Frederick Krakauer's employers would be only too glad to release.
2013 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 13 Apr. This Government is continuing Thatcher's radical economic plan of privatisation, slashing of benefits, union smashing and deregulation.
union suit n. †(a) (perhaps) a set of mirrors (obsolete); (b) North American a one-piece undergarment designed to cover the body and legs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > mirror > [noun] > set of
union suit1711
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > combined clothing for upper or lower parts of body
combination1684
union suit1868
combination garment1884
combi1891
pantywaist1910
cami-knickers1915
cami-petticoat1923
teddy1924
cami-bocker1926
corselette1926
combs1931
all-in-one1939
body stocking1964
teddy bear1978
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 170. (advt.) Fine Card-Tables and India Tea-Tables, Union Suits, with several other Rarities.
1714 London Gaz. No. 5214/3 All sorts of Coach Glasses, Chimney Glasses, Sconces, Dressing Glasses, Union Suits, Dressing Boxes, swinging Glasses [etc.].
1846Union Suits [see Compounds 1f].
1868 National Volunteer (Shelbyville, Indiana) 30 Apr. (advt.) Light colored Union Suits, for men.
1948 W. Faulkner Intruder in Dust vii. 147 The sagging fences..by nightfall would be gaudy with drying overalls..and unionsuits.
2004 Winnipeg Free Press 27 Oct. d4/1 One year, he decorated a red Stanfield's union suit with a duct tape triangle and went out as Mork from Ork.
union system n. Brewing (more fully Burton union system) a system of interlinked casks, each having a swan-necked pipe through which excess yeast is forced out during fermentation, developed in Burton upon Trent and used esp. in the production of India pale ales.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > brewing system
union system1870
1870 Q. Jrnl. Sci. 7 310 This at Allsopps' and other large breweries is called the ‘Union’ system, long rows of barrels being connected together by a horizontal pipe.
1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 275/2 There are three modes of cleansing—..2d, by running the beer into casks, and then allowing the yeast to work out through the bung holes; and 3d, on what is called the Union, or Burton system, which is the second plan with some improvements.
1886 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ Curiosities Ale & Beer 333 When the fermentation has almost ceased, the beer is put into smaller vessels..and the froth either works over the side or is skimmed off or, as in the ‘union’ system at Burton, works up through pipes.
1912 T. E. Thorpe Dict. Appl. Chem. (rev. ed.) I. 561/2 Where the Union system is employed, no attemperators whatever are used in the fermenting tuns.
1994 Independent 21 May 32/5 The Burton ‘union’ system survives only at Marston's.
Union Territory n. any of several territories of India that are administered by the central government.Modern India is divided into states and union territories.
ΚΠ
1947 Times of India 16 June 7/4 In order to ensure administrative and linguistic convenience there shall be two administrative divisions in the Union territory, one being Kannada and the other being Maratha.
1991 Hindu (Madras) 6 Dec. 1/1 Delhi will soon get a Legislative Assembly..while it would continue to be a Union Territory.., the Union Home Minister..announced in Parliament today.
2011 Maya News 16 Feb. 43/1 Diu and Daman are part of a single Union Territory.
union ticket n. a certificate stating that the holder belongs to a trade union.
ΚΠ
1872 Sat. Rev. 7 Sept. 301/2 The Union ticket cannot be accepted for what it does not pretend to be—a certificate of character.
1908 R. Kipling in Morning Post 9 Apr. 7/1 It is difficult to get skilled labour into here?.. Even if he has his Union ticket?
2002 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 5 Oct. 9 (headline) Preachers get union tickets.
union vowel n. Linguistics a vowel which connects a suffix or affix to the root or stem of a word.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [noun] > types of
naso-vocal1669
sheva1818
union vowel1821
shut sound1841
cardinal vowel1851
u-sound1852
neutral vowel1868
O1869
wide1870
vincular1871
indeterminate vowel1873
u-vowel1886
orinasal1887
pharyngal1887
glide-vowel1888
schwa1895
murmur vowel1910
murmured vowel1933
1821 M. Stuart Hebrew Gram. 117 The accent is, as usual, on the Union-vowel.
1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. 78 All the simple vowels come to assume in certain cases the aspect of union-vowels, or insertions between root or stem and ending of inflection or of derivation.
1998 Jrnl. Linguistics 34 476 [In modern Greek] adverbs in -a having combining forms with the union vowel -o- are systematically related to adjectives in -o-.
unionwide adj. (a) extending throughout the whole of the United States; (b) that involves or encompasses the whole of a trade union or the trade-union movement.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > association of employers or employees > [adjective] > involving whole union
unionwide1857
1857 Knickerbocker May 526 Annually at the St. Charles are given those grand dress balls, which have attained a Union-wide celebrity, and which are well worth travelling over the Union to attend.
1937 Nation 14 Aug. 165/1 Assuming..unionwide participation.
1979 Nature 8 Nov. 123/2 The extension of the Union-wide ‘supergrid’ of 1500 V dc transmission lines should, theoretically, allow power stations to be sited anywhere.
2009 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 22 Sept. a25 Mr. Mulgrew needs to win a unionwide election next spring to secure the presidency.
union workhouse n. now historical (in Britain and Ireland) a workhouse administered by a parish union (sense 15a); = union house n. (a).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > institutional homes > [noun] > for the poor, infirm, etc. > workhouse
working-house1597
workhouse1631
house of industry1679
spin-house1702
parish house1709
poorhouse1727
poorshouse1732
house?1825
union workhouse1830
union house1835
pauper asylum1837
great house1838
union1839
big house1851
spiniken1859
spike1866
lump1874
1830Union workhouse [see sense 15a].
1834 Morning Chron. 2 July The latter having no alternative but either to abstain altogether from asking relief, or taking up their abode in one of the union workhouses.
1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. iv. iv. 581 The inmates of the union-workhouse are subject to certain restraints.
2000 T. May Victorian Workhouse 6/2 Gressenhall was extended in 1836–7 when it became the union workhouse for Mitford and Launditch.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

unionv.

Brit. /ˈjuːnɪən/, U.S. /ˈjunjən/
Forms: see union n.2
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: union n.2
Etymology: < union n.2
Now rare.
transitive. To join in union; to unite.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or fact of uniting or being united > unite [verb (transitive)]
uny1433
unec1460
unionc1475
unify1502
enuny1542
unite1555
co-unitea1592
adunitea1600
coadunate1607
atone1609
co-une1628
ferruminate1631
coadunite1649
unitize1812
inone1855
c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 23 The countee of Mayne by maryage was unyoned to the erledom of Angew.
1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 415 (heading) The kynges tytle to all his landes briefely reported, with a mocyon to vnion Scotlande and Englande.
1611 S. Daniel Trag. Cleopatra iv. ii. 28 in Certaine Small Wks. But yet I must away, and meanes seeke how To come vnto thee, and to vnion vs.
1657 J. Harington Hist. Polindor & Flostella (ed. 3) ii. 70 Pledora..Griev'd thus, till Union'd with such excellence; Her Body, through her lovely Soul, made more Attractive, strong, though Charm'd enough before.
1763 R. Bentley Patriotism v. 60 To us, by Nature, Reason, Int'rest, Blood, Conjoin'd, and union'd by the circling Flood.
1778 J. Gilborne Volunteer-review 9 Her Gorgon-Sisters, pitying their Chief, Look'd sadly on, but could not bring relief; Sthenyo, union'd in a false embrace.
1842 Promethean Jan. 1/3 Pantheism, the perfection of religion, and..Pantisocracy, the perfection of politics, unioned together.
2006 People (Nexis) 15 Jan. 19 If we can't get ‘wed’ or ‘married’ any more what do we get—matched, unioned or allianced I suppose?
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.1?c1335n.2?a1425v.c1475
随便看

　

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。

　

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间：2025/2/3 12:26:30