brutaladj.n.

/ˈbruːtəl/

Forms: Also 1500s -all, -ell.

Etymology: < Latin brūtus (see brute adj. and n.¹) + -al suffix¹. Compare French brutal, 16th cent. in Littré.

A. adj.

1. Of or belonging to the brutes, as opposed to man; of the nature of a brute; animal. Obsolete or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > [adjective] > of or belonging to

bestiala1393

brutal?a1500

bestially1532

animalica1676

zoo-organic1821

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Lion & Mouse l. 1400 in Poems (1981) 56 Vnder the figure off ane brutall beist.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 228 Lyke brutell beistis takand thair desyre.

1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. v. §5. 78 The consent of those brutall creatures is naturall, that of men by compact only.

1704 J. Trapp Abra-Mule iv. i. 1499 Hid their dazzling Forms in Brutal Shapes.

a1732 J. Gay Fables (1738) II. xv. 142 On man we brutal slaves depend.

1838 G. S. Faber Inq. Hist. & Theol. Anc. Vallenses & Albigenses 95 The angel..daily infuses them into human and brutal bodies.

2. Resembling, pertaining to, or characteristic of the brutes:

a. in want of intelligence or reasoning power.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intellect > want of intellect > animal nature of man > [adjective]

beastly?c1225

bestiala1398

brutal?1518

brute1535

brutish1555

animal1581

beaverish1850

beaver-like1873

?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Avi^v It is a brutall fury, in batayle for to fyght.

1542 T. Becon Newes out of Heauen sig. F.v^v He is truly to much brutal, that reioyseth not at the hearyng of them [sc. the news].

a1718 W. Penn Maxims in Wks. (1726) I. 828 Inquiry is Human; Blind Obedience, Brutal.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 106 A Sort of brutal Courage..founded neither on Religion or Prudence.

1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. iv. 80 The students affected a sort of brutal surprise.

b. in their animal or sensual nature.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [adjective] > animal nature in man

beastlyc1225

beastisha1398

bestiala1398

beast-like1526

brutala1533

brutish1567

animal1581

doggish1594

belluine1618

ferine1640

animalizing1825

animalized1827

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1535) xxiii. f. 39^v These lawes of the Lacedemoniens..dothe mocke thy brutall vyces.

c1550 in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 193 The parish priest, that brutall beist, He polit them wantonly.

1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. i. 175 The Suitor-train, a brutal crowd, With insolence and wine, elate and loud.

1749 T. Smollett Regicide v. iii. 69 The Slaves of brutal Appetite.

1878 J. Morley Diderot II. 13 Some of it is revolting in its brutal indecency.

3. As rude or ill-mannered as a brute beast; coarse, unrefined.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined

boistousc1300

untheweda1325

uplandisha1387

unaffiled1390

rudea1393

knavishc1405

peoplisha1425

clubbedc1440

blunt1477

lob?1507

robust1511

borel1513

carterly1519

clubbish1530

rough?1531

rustical?1532

incondite1539

agrestc1550

rusticc1550

brute1555

lobcocka1556

loutisha1556

carterlike1561

boorish1562

ruggedc1565

lobbish1567

loutlike1567

sowish1570

clownish1581

unrefined1582

impolished1583

homespun1590

transalpinea1592

swaddish1593

unpolished1594

untutored1595

swabberly1596

tartarous1602

porterly1603

lobcocked1606

lob-like1606

cluster-fisted1611

agrestic1617

inurbane1623

unelevated1627

incult1628

unbrushed1640

vulgar1643

unhewed1644

unsmooth1648

hirsute1658

loutardly1658

unhewn1659

roughsome?c1660

sordid1668

inhumanea1680

coarse1699

brutal1709

ramgunshoch1721

tramontane1740

uncouth1740

no-nationa1756

unurbane1760

turnipy1792

rudas1802

common1804

cubbish1819

clodhopping1828

vulgarian1833

cloddish1844

unkempt1846

bush1851

vulgarish1860

rodney1866

crude1876

ignorant1886

yobby1910

nekulturny1932

oikish1959

yobbish1966

ocker1972

down and dirty1977

1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Sensus Communis: Ess. Freedom of Wit 94 A Man of thorow Good-Breeding..is incapable of doing a rude or brutal Action.

1742 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. (1932) (modernized text) II. 524 There is hardly anybody brutal enough..not to say, Sir, my Lord, or Madam.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 196 His [Tyrconnel's] brutal manners made him unfit to represent the majesty of the crown.

4. Inhuman; coarsely cruel, savage, fierce.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > [adjective]

grimlyc893

retheeOE

grim971

bitterOE

bremec1175

grillc1175

grimfula1240

cruel1297

sturdy1297

fiercea1300

fellc1300

boistousa1387

felonousc1386

savagea1393

bestiala1398

bremelya1400

felona1400

hetera1400

cursedc1400

wicked14..

vengeablec1430

wolvishc1430

unnatural?1473

inhuman1481

brutisha1513

cruent1524

felonish1530

mannish1530

abominate1531

lionish1549

boarish?1550

truculent?c1550

unhumanc1550

lion-like1556

beastly1558

orped1567

raw?1573

tigerish?1573

unmanlike1579

boisterous1581

savaged1583

tiger-like1587

yond1590

truculental1593

savage wild1595

tigerous1597

inhumane1598

Neronian1598

immane1599

Phalarical1602

ungentle1603

feral1604

savagious1605

fierceful1607

Dionysian1608

wolvy1611

Hunnish1625

lionly1631

tigerly1633

savage-hearted1639

brutal1641

feroce1641

ferocious1646

asperous1650

ferousa1652

wolfish1674

tiger1763

savage-fierce1770

Tartar1809

Tartarly1821

Neroic1851

tigery1859

Neronic1864

unmannish1867

inhumanitarian1947

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [adjective] > inhumanly

inhuman1481

unhumanc1550

beastly1558

unmanlike1579

inhumane1598

immane1599

Phalarical1602

unhuman1611

brutal1641

unmannish1867

brutalitarian1904

inhumanitarian1947

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 5 It purporteth..the turning of fierce and brutall men..unto..calme and sociable manners.

1735 J. Thomson Rome: 3rd Pt. Liberty 430 Brutal Marius and keen Sylla.

1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece II. xi. 53 The cruelty of a brutal master.

1840 W. Howitt Visits to Remarkable Places 1st Ser. 237 The brutal amusements of the bull-baiting or the cock-pit.

1878 J. Morley Crit. Misc. 1st Ser. 268 The cruel and brutal abominations of slavery.

†B. n. [elliptical use of the adjective.]

A brutal person. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun]

wolfa900

liona1225

beastc1225

wild manc1290

tiger?a1513

Turk1536

club-fist1575

scourgemutton1581

wolver1593

vulture1605

savage1609

inhuman1653

brutal1655

Tartar1669

hyena1671

dragoon1712

Huna1744

panther1822

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > inhuman > person

beastc1225

inhuman1653

brutal1655

brute1752

1655 J. Jennings tr. J.-P. Camus Elise 104 Should you have tormented me so much, to make me hearken to this Brutal?

1663 A. Cowley Cutter of Coleman-St. Pref. sig. A4^v The Honour of their Judgment (as some Brutals imagine of their Courage) consists in Quarrelling with every thing.

1676 W. Wycherley Plain-dealer i. i The world thinks you a Mad-man, a Brutal.

Draft additions March 2008

a. hyperbolical. Extremely difficult or demanding.

ΚΠ

1915 S. R. Hall Writing Advertisem. xvi. 183 [Mail-order and direct] advertising is put to the brutal tests of the coupon, the key, and the return card.

1936 Times 1 May 6/1 He holed several putts, one of them a really brutal one.

1988 Los Angeles Times (Electronic ed.) 23 Sept. iii. 5 Two-man keelboats that are so brutal to sail they've earned the nickname ‘torture racks’.

b. colloquial (originally and chiefly North American). Very bad or unpleasant; awful.

ΚΠ

1947 Oelwein (Iowa) Daily Reg. 26 July 8/3 The large ‘economy’ size..is recommended for those with really brutal hangovers.

1967 Independent Press-Telegram (Long Beach, Calif.) 8 Jan. s3/1 I carry the puck pretty well some nights, but other nights I'm just brutal.

1988 R. Salutin Man of Little Faith iii. 66 Their first date was brutal. When not scoffing at her artistic interests he ignored her.

2004 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 15 May l3 White wines on the other hand are just brutal..if they are cheap.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	brutal
释义	brutaladj.n. /ˈbruːtəl/ Forms: Also 1500s -all, -ell. Etymology: < Latin brūtus (see brute adj. and n.¹) + -al suffix¹. Compare French brutal, 16th cent. in Littré. A. adj. 1. Of or belonging to the brutes, as opposed to man; of the nature of a brute; animal. Obsolete or archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > [adjective] > of or belonging to bestiala1393 brutal?a1500 bestially1532 animalica1676 zoo-organic1821 a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Lion & Mouse l. 1400 in Poems (1981) 56 Vnder the figure off ane brutall beist. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 228 Lyke brutell beistis takand thair desyre. 1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. v. §5. 78 The consent of those brutall creatures is naturall, that of men by compact only. 1704 J. Trapp Abra-Mule iv. i. 1499 Hid their dazzling Forms in Brutal Shapes. a1732 J. Gay Fables (1738) II. xv. 142 On man we brutal slaves depend. 1838 G. S. Faber Inq. Hist. & Theol. Anc. Vallenses & Albigenses 95 The angel..daily infuses them into human and brutal bodies. 2. Resembling, pertaining to, or characteristic of the brutes: a. in want of intelligence or reasoning power. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intellect > want of intellect > animal nature of man > [adjective] beastly?c1225 bestiala1398 brutal?1518 brute1535 brutish1555 animal1581 beaverish1850 beaver-like1873 ?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Avi^v It is a brutall fury, in batayle for to fyght. 1542 T. Becon Newes out of Heauen sig. F.v^v He is truly to much brutal, that reioyseth not at the hearyng of them [sc. the news]. a1718 W. Penn Maxims in Wks. (1726) I. 828 Inquiry is Human; Blind Obedience, Brutal. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 106 A Sort of brutal Courage..founded neither on Religion or Prudence. 1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. iv. 80 The students affected a sort of brutal surprise. b. in their animal or sensual nature. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [adjective] > animal nature in man beastlyc1225 beastisha1398 bestiala1398 beast-like1526 brutala1533 brutish1567 animal1581 doggish1594 belluine1618 ferine1640 animalizing1825 animalized1827 a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1535) xxiii. f. 39^v These lawes of the Lacedemoniens..dothe mocke thy brutall vyces. c1550 in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 193 The parish priest, that brutall beist, He polit them wantonly. 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. i. 175 The Suitor-train, a brutal crowd, With insolence and wine, elate and loud. 1749 T. Smollett Regicide v. iii. 69 The Slaves of brutal Appetite. 1878 J. Morley Diderot II. 13 Some of it is revolting in its brutal indecency. 3. As rude or ill-mannered as a brute beast; coarse, unrefined. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined boistousc1300 untheweda1325 uplandisha1387 unaffiled1390 rudea1393 knavishc1405 peoplisha1425 clubbedc1440 blunt1477 lob?1507 robust1511 borel1513 carterly1519 clubbish1530 rough?1531 rustical?1532 incondite1539 agrestc1550 rusticc1550 brute1555 lobcocka1556 loutisha1556 carterlike1561 boorish1562 ruggedc1565 lobbish1567 loutlike1567 sowish1570 clownish1581 unrefined1582 impolished1583 homespun1590 transalpinea1592 swaddish1593 unpolished1594 untutored1595 swabberly1596 tartarous1602 porterly1603 lobcocked1606 lob-like1606 cluster-fisted1611 agrestic1617 inurbane1623 unelevated1627 incult1628 unbrushed1640 vulgar1643 unhewed1644 unsmooth1648 hirsute1658 loutardly1658 unhewn1659 roughsome?c1660 sordid1668 inhumanea1680 coarse1699 brutal1709 ramgunshoch1721 tramontane1740 uncouth1740 no-nationa1756 unurbane1760 turnipy1792 rudas1802 common1804 cubbish1819 clodhopping1828 vulgarian1833 cloddish1844 unkempt1846 bush1851 vulgarish1860 rodney1866 crude1876 ignorant1886 yobby1910 nekulturny1932 oikish1959 yobbish1966 ocker1972 down and dirty1977 1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Sensus Communis: Ess. Freedom of Wit 94 A Man of thorow Good-Breeding..is incapable of doing a rude or brutal Action. 1742 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. (1932) (modernized text) II. 524 There is hardly anybody brutal enough..not to say, Sir, my Lord, or Madam. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 196 His [Tyrconnel's] brutal manners made him unfit to represent the majesty of the crown. 4. Inhuman; coarsely cruel, savage, fierce. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > [adjective] grimlyc893 retheeOE grim971 bitterOE bremec1175 grillc1175 grimfula1240 cruel1297 sturdy1297 fiercea1300 fellc1300 boistousa1387 felonousc1386 savagea1393 bestiala1398 bremelya1400 felona1400 hetera1400 cursedc1400 wicked14.. vengeablec1430 wolvishc1430 unnatural?1473 inhuman1481 brutisha1513 cruent1524 felonish1530 mannish1530 abominate1531 lionish1549 boarish?1550 truculent?c1550 unhumanc1550 lion-like1556 beastly1558 orped1567 raw?1573 tigerish?1573 unmanlike1579 boisterous1581 savaged1583 tiger-like1587 yond1590 truculental1593 savage wild1595 tigerous1597 inhumane1598 Neronian1598 immane1599 Phalarical1602 ungentle1603 feral1604 savagious1605 fierceful1607 Dionysian1608 wolvy1611 Hunnish1625 lionly1631 tigerly1633 savage-hearted1639 brutal1641 feroce1641 ferocious1646 asperous1650 ferousa1652 wolfish1674 tiger1763 savage-fierce1770 Tartar1809 Tartarly1821 Neroic1851 tigery1859 Neronic1864 unmannish1867 inhumanitarian1947 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [adjective] > inhumanly inhuman1481 unhumanc1550 beastly1558 unmanlike1579 inhumane1598 immane1599 Phalarical1602 unhuman1611 brutal1641 unmannish1867 brutalitarian1904 inhumanitarian1947 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 5 It purporteth..the turning of fierce and brutall men..unto..calme and sociable manners. 1735 J. Thomson Rome: 3rd Pt. Liberty 430 Brutal Marius and keen Sylla. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece II. xi. 53 The cruelty of a brutal master. 1840 W. Howitt Visits to Remarkable Places 1st Ser. 237 The brutal amusements of the bull-baiting or the cock-pit. 1878 J. Morley Crit. Misc. 1st Ser. 268 The cruel and brutal abominations of slavery. †B. n. [elliptical use of the adjective.] A brutal person. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun] wolfa900 liona1225 beastc1225 wild manc1290 tiger?a1513 Turk1536 club-fist1575 scourgemutton1581 wolver1593 vulture1605 savage1609 inhuman1653 brutal1655 Tartar1669 hyena1671 dragoon1712 Huna1744 panther1822 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > inhuman > person beastc1225 inhuman1653 brutal1655 brute1752 1655 J. Jennings tr. J.-P. Camus Elise 104 Should you have tormented me so much, to make me hearken to this Brutal? 1663 A. Cowley Cutter of Coleman-St. Pref. sig. A4^v The Honour of their Judgment (as some Brutals imagine of their Courage) consists in Quarrelling with every thing. 1676 W. Wycherley Plain-dealer i. i The world thinks you a Mad-man, a Brutal. Draft additions March 2008 a. hyperbolical. Extremely difficult or demanding. ΚΠ 1915 S. R. Hall Writing Advertisem. xvi. 183 [Mail-order and direct] advertising is put to the brutal tests of the coupon, the key, and the return card. 1936 Times 1 May 6/1 He holed several putts, one of them a really brutal one. 1988 Los Angeles Times (Electronic ed.) 23 Sept. iii. 5 Two-man keelboats that are so brutal to sail they've earned the nickname ‘torture racks’. b. colloquial (originally and chiefly North American). Very bad or unpleasant; awful. ΚΠ 1947 Oelwein (Iowa) Daily Reg. 26 July 8/3 The large ‘economy’ size..is recommended for those with really brutal hangovers. 1967 Independent Press-Telegram (Long Beach, Calif.) 8 Jan. s3/1 I carry the puck pretty well some nights, but other nights I'm just brutal. 1988 R. Salutin Man of Little Faith iii. 66 Their first date was brutal. When not scoffing at her artistic interests he ignored her. 2004 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 15 May l3 White wines on the other hand are just brutal..if they are cheap. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?a1500
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