bruntn.¹

Brit.

/brʌnt/, U.S.

/brənt/

Forms: Middle English brownte, Middle English–1500s bront, Middle English–1500s bronte, Middle English–1500s brount, Middle English–1600s brunte, Middle English– brunt, 1500s brounte; also Scottish pre-1700 bront, pre-1700 brwnt.

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown.It has often been suggested that this word may be a borrowing < early Scandinavian, although attested forms in Scandinavian languages present both formal and semantic problems (compare Old Icelandic bruna , Swedish regional bryna fram , both in sense ‘to rush, to move quickly’, of uncertain origin, probably < the same Germanic base as burn v.¹, and the related noun Old Icelandic brundr (of an animal) heat). Perhaps compare also forms of similar sense with possible imitative origin, e.g. dunt n.¹ and later bunt n.⁸ beside bunt v.² Compare also the corresponding verb brunt v., although the relative priority of the two words is unclear. It is not certain that sense 6 shows the same word; some influence from or association with bruit n. is possible.

I. A blow, attack, or force and related senses.

†1. A sharp blow. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > [noun] > a sharp or smart blow

dab1300

rapc1330

thresta1400

bruntc1400

knap14..

yedderc1440

gird1487

yert1509

fillip1543

yark1555

flewet1570

stingera1577

flirt1577

wherret1577

riprapc1580

spang1595

nick1651

lick1680

flip1692

yowf1711

clink1722

wherrya1726

click1773

whither1791

swata1800

yank1818

snock1825

clip1830

snop1849

clinkera1863

siserary1893

blip1894

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 174 (MED) Bot baysment gef myn hert a brunt.

c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 3166 (MED) He smote the bisshope withe a bronde And gaf him an evel bronte.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) III. 1217 Sir Gawayne gaff hym many sad bruntis.

1560 T. Palfreyman Myrrour for All Estates sig. H.vi Waightynge alwayes deathes mooste deadly brunt.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. viii. sig. H4^v Who thrusting boldly twixt him and the blow, The burden of the deadly brunt did beare Vpon his shield.

1631 J. Ball Treat. Faith i. xii. 194 Our soules, which being the shield in this our spirituall warfare, endureth much battering and many brunts.

a1677 T. Manton 190 Serm. on 119th Psalm (1681) cxxxv. 835 The length of sufferings, some can endure a sharp brunt, but tire under a long affliction.

1712 E. Hopkins Death disarm'd of its Sting 84 Cannot thy Patience stand out one hard Brunt, and endure a short Shock, though it be fierce and violent?

†2. An attack or onslaught. Often with bear, endure, sustain, etc. (cf. senses 4 and 5).

a. An attack or onslaught of an immaterial thing, as sickness, temptation, persecution, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by hostile measures or words

bruntc1425

assaultc1449

battery1562

onset1566

brash1573

breach1578

onslaught1613

onfall1646

attack1653

assay?1705

to return to the charge1752

arietation1797

set-to1808

set1829

dead set1835

go-in1858

on-ding1871

hatchet work1938

blitzkrieg1939

blitz1940

carpet bombing1956

bowling1959

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. l. 3270 Þe pore sodyours, Whiche bere þe bront euere of suche shoures, And þe meschef of werre, comounly.

c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 2255) in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems (1840) 261 Behold the batail that I [sc. Jesus] did undirfonge, The bront abydyng of there mortal emprise.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth viii. sig. D.iii Strength maye suffre a brount.

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Mmmm.ii So many, and so great bruntes of affliction and persecution.

a1617 P. Baynes Comm. Epist. First Chapter Paul to Ephesians (1618) xvi. 323 A brunt of vnbeliefe doth not euacuate our faith.

1799 Witch, & Maid of Honour I. 171 When the first brunt is over, it never hurts you after.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 210 Wishing to despise as then Brunts of fate and scorns of men.

b. A military assault; a charge, an attack. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > [noun]

fiend-reseOE

frumresec1275

assault1297

sault1297

inracea1300

sailing13..

venuea1330

checkc1330

braid1340

affrayc1380

outrunningc1384

resinga1387

wara1387

riota1393

assailc1400

assayc1400

onset1423

rake?a1425

pursuitc1425

assemblinga1450

brunta1450

oncominga1450

assembly1487

envaya1500

oncomea1500

shovea1500

front1523

scry1523

attemptate1524

assaulting1548

push1565

brash1573

attempt1584

affront?1587

pulse1587

affret1590

saliaunce1590

invasion1591

assailment1592

insultation1596

aggressa1611

onslaught1613

source1616

confronta1626

impulsion1631

tentative1632

essaya1641

infall1645

attack1655

stroke1698

insult1710

coup de main1759

onfall1837

hurrah1841

beat-up of quarters1870

offensive1887

strafe1915

grand slam1916

hop-over1918

run1941

strike1942

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun]

assault1297

venuea1330

scoura1400

wassailc1400

frayc1430

brunta1450

sault1510

onseta1522

attemptate1524

onsetting1541

breach1578

dint1579

objectiona1586

invasion1591

extent1594

grassation1610

attack1655

run1751

wrack1863

mayhem1870

serve1967

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1932) III. l. 17834 (MED) They ryden al on front, For they weren Seker of a bront.

c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1897) 12 116 (MED) Of Englond and Scotelond ther were fewe slayne, for they wer in the rereward; and they of the base marches bare the bronte, for they wer in the voward.

c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Order of Fools (Laud) in Minor Poems (1934) 451 (MED) He..Bosteth with bordas, and at a bront [c1475 Nero brownte] wil ffle.

a1500 (?a1475) Guy of Warwick (Cambr. Ff.2.38) l. 3389 (MED) In þat brunte many they hente And many slewe and all torente.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. viii. sig. bij [He] there alone sustayned the hole bronte of his enemyes.

a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. A3^v Stranger engines for the brunt of warre.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 491 Sustaining the charge and brunt of K. Porsenaes army.

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. x. 32 At the third brunt, they made those lusty Souldiers flie.

1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis 533/2 He endures sore brunts; Magnos impetus sustinet; Cæs.

1716 tr. I. de Larrey Hist. Reign Charles I II. 263 Here was the greatest Brunt, and the bloodiest of the Battle.

1829 W. Scott House of Aspen i. ii, in Keepsake 9 Martin is a good soldier, and has stood toughly by George in many a hard brunt.

†3. Originally with reference to a horse or other animal: a sudden onwards movement, a forward rush; a sudden effort, strain, or outburst; a fit, a spurt. Also figurative. Obsolete.With quots. a1500 and 1551, cf. at one (also a) brunt at Phrases 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > spell or bout of action > sudden

brunt1440

fit1586

spurta1591

burst1862

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 54 Brunt, insultus, impetus.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 282 Thei sporered theire horse ouer the brigge at a brunt.

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Gviii^v Oxen..they graunte to be not so good as horses as [prob. read at; later edd. at a] sodeyne brunt, and (as we saye) at a dead lifte.

1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus (ii. 12) 476 It is but for a brunt of newfanglednesse.

a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI Serm. (1629) 606 His vigor is not brunts onely, or starts, impetus.

a1668 R. Rhodes Flora's Vagaries (1670) 58 It will be but one Brunt o' th' Old mans anger.

4. Chiefly with of. The shock, violence, or impact of an attack or onslaught. Often with bear, take, endure, etc. (cf. senses 2 and 5).In early use difficult to distinguish from sense 2, esp. in phrases like brunt of war, brunt of battle, etc.

a. The shock or force of a military attack, the violence of fighting or war; (more generally) the impact or effect of a physical agent or force.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > [noun] > forcible, heavy, or violent > shock of violent impact or collision

brunta1450

concussion1490

shock1603

jolt1632

impression1694

jara1817

perculsion1822

a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) (1988) 58 Ȝif he fauȝt wiþ strong men þat wolde abide þe brount of þe batayle, wiþ hem he fauȝt wiþ heuy wepouns as malles of leed.

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin ii. 108 All the brunt and swaigh of that dayes fight.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres i. 4 The first three, fiue, or seuen rankes..do beare the chiefe brunt.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. v. §6. 51 Athens..indured the hardest and worst brunt of Darius inuasion.

1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 61 Neither will it [sc. brasse] like Gold resist the utmost brunt of the Fire.

1701 tr. Present State Europe Sept. 319 There were no more than one Batallion of Mansfield's, Two of Nigrelli's..and Daun's Grenadiers who bore the Brunt of the Engagement against Three Brigades and a half of the Enemy.

1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. iv. 282 Utterly averse To stand the Brunt of another Engagement.

1809 Duke of Wellington Let. 12 May in Dispatches (1837) IV. 324 Bearing the first brunt of the enemy's attack.

1862 G. P. Marsh Lect. Eng. Lang. (new ed.) ii. 29 It was upon the Cymry that the chief brunt of the contest fell.

1922 Bus Transportation Mar. 184/2 If the tire can take the first sharp brunt of the shocks the production of satisfactory riding comfort is much simplified.

1943 London Gaz. 28 May (Suppl.) 2361/2 Descending to within a few feet of the water and taking the full brunt of the anti-aircraft defences, he delivered his attack with great accuracy.

1984 T. Horton Bay Country (1987) 131 The ancient dunes..were hard by the ocean,..bearing the full brunt of waves and storms.

2014 N. W. Florida Daily News 29 Apr. a1/1 Her son's skull was fractured, but..[she] took more of the brunt because she was lying on top of her son to try to protect him.

b. The impact or effect of an abstract agency or force.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > the shock or force of an attack

brunt1573

1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 15 I must needes abide the brunt of his displeasure.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Norf. 248 When such prisoners..have weathered out the brunt of that disease.

1775 E. Burke Speech Amer. Taxation 57 I had rather bear the brunt of all his wit.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. iv. 212 Grindal..bore the whole brunt of the queen's displeasure.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues III. 192 To avoid the brunt of their argument.

1922 W. S. Churchill Let. 4 Feb. in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) xi. 250 Ireland is sure to bring us every form of difficulty and embarrassment, and I expect I shall have to bear the brunt of it in the House of Commons.

1987 E. Simpson Orphans (1988) i. iii. 42 The older girls fled, leaving Marie to take the full brunt of her wrath.

2012 Sunday Guardian (India) (Nexis) 16 Sept. Women in Pakistan..who continually face the hard brunt of intolerance.

5. Chiefly with of. The chief shock or force of a military attack; the chief impact of an abstract agency; the chief stress or burden. Often with bear, take, feel, etc. (cf. senses 2 and 4).Now the most common sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > oppression, persecution, or affliction > overpowering pressure of an adverse force > most severe

stress1619

brunt1769

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. xi. 309 The wing of the French which stood the brunt of the combat.

1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh 93 Now comes the brunt, the crisis of the day.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. vii. ix. 384 The brunt of the danger seems past.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 241 But the English had borne the brunt of the fight.

1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. vii. 110 The brunt of the defence fell on ships, not on soldiers.

1914 Brooms, Brushes & Handles Jan. 11/2 The scarcity of the crop did much to raise the price of brooms in the east, and Philadelphia. which is a large broomcorn consuming city, felt the brunt of the situation.

1955 O. Manning Doves of Venus i. vii. 79 He smiled ruefully, allying himself with those who had taken the brunt of things.

2010 Independent 23 Aug. 19/1 Supermarket staff..bear the brunt of customer exasperation at the failings of the new checkout technology.

†II. A rumour or outcry.

6. A rumour; a noise, an outcry. Cf. bruit n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > outcry or clamour

reamOE

ropeOE

brack?c1200

utas1202

hootinga1225

berec1225

noise?c1225

ludea1275

cryc1275

gredingc1275

boastc1300

utasa1325

huec1330

outcrya1382

exclamation1382

ascry1393

spraya1400

clamourc1405

shoutingc1405

scry1419

rumourc1425

motion?a1439

bemec1440

harrowc1440

shout1487

songa1500

brunt1523

ditec1540

uproar1544

clamouring1548

outrage1548

hubbub1555

racket1565

succlamation1566

rear1567

outcrying1569

bellowing1579

brawl1581

hue and cry1584

exclaiming1585

exclaim1587

sanctus1594

hubbaboo1596

oyez1597

conclamation1627

sputter1673

rout1684

dirduma1693

hallalloo1737

yelloching1773

pillaloo1785

whillaloo1790

vocitation1819

blue murder1828

blaring1837

shilloo1842

shillooing1845

pillalooing1847

shriek1929

yammering1937

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clxxxviii. 222 The brunt [Fr. fame] went y^t he was chiefe heed of the prouostes treason.

?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection i. l. 52 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 173 Herd ye not the Exclamation And the grete brunte..‘Crucyfy hym!’

1591 G. Clayton Approoued Order Martiall Discipline i. 42 The one [Scoute] to sende to the other euery halfe quarter of an houre, to know what brunts or noyse they heare.

Phrases

†P1. at one (also a) brunt: by one stroke, at one fell swoop; at once, suddenly. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > shortness in time [phrase] > instantaneously

as thou turnest thine handc1225

at a brusha1400

at one (also a) bruntc1450

with a whisk1487

with a whip Sir John1550

in the turn (also turning) of a hand1564

with or at a wink1585

at a blowa1616

in a wink1693

at a stroke1709

in or wi' a whid1719

in the trip of a minute1728

with a thrash1870

the twinkling of a bedpost1871

in a whisk1900

in jig-time1916

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 3934 (MED) All at was bitten of þa best was at a brunt dede.

a1555 N. Ridley Pituous Lament. (1566) sig. Avi Many vaine yea wicked traditions of man..nowe at one brunte..are reuiued.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 69 Here Osorius..uttereth all his skill at a brunt.

1609 Bible (Douay) I. 2 Kings xxiii. 8 Which killed eight hundred at one brunt.

1642 King of Denmarck (Thomason Tracts CXXIX. No. 29) sig. A3 That formidable and invincible Armado..was sufficiently potent to have blasted the whole Kingdome at one brunt, had not the divine protection averted it from vs.

†P2. at (also in) the first brunt: at the first charge or attack; figurative at the start, at first, immediately. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > [adverb] > at first attack

at (also in) the first bruntc1450

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > at the beginning [phrase]

at firstc1300

at (also in) the first bruntc1450

at the first chop1528

at hand1558

at the first jump1577

at starting1674

c1450 (c1425) Brut (Cambr. Kk.1.12) 378 Þat was hir false purpose..to ouyrryde our meyne..sodeynly yn þe first bront [1480 Caxton at the fyrst brount].

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxiii. 395 At the fyrste brounte the Almaynes were constrayned to recule abacke.

1539 Bible (Great) 2 Kings xvii. f. xliiij/1 Though some of his men be ouerthrowen at the fyrst brunt.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Cor. i. f. vi A doctrine, that at the fyrste brunte seemeth base and folyshe.

1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Worlde 8 If they vpon any attempt do not preuaile at the first brunt; their best course will be, to capitulate with their enemies.

a1676 B. Whitlocke Mem. Eng. Affairs (1682) 521/1 Three of their Ships were wholly disabled at the first brunt.

1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely i. 44 They put them into disorder at the first brunt.

1706 D. Craufurd Mem. Affairs Scotl. 169 When the Earl approach'd, these Gentlemen order'd their Men to Fire upon him smartly, hoping to Discourage his Troops at the first Brunt.

1745 J. Heath tr. L. Goulon Mem. Monsieur Goulon 47 It will not be possible for them at the first brunt to force the double Pallisades yet intire.

1840 Ann. London Homœopathic Dispensary 1 113 Sometimes..the ulceration of the lungs succeeds so rapidly to the softening of a tuberculous mass..that the phthisis begins apparently at the first brunt with the third stage.

1867 J. McCarthy Waterdale Neighbours III. viii. 232 Warton had not up to this moment felt quite assured that Dr. Alwyn—clergyman though he was—might not knock him down at the first brunt of the revelation.

1902 J. Carling Shadow of Czar 141 He flew upon Paul as if purposing to lay him hors de combat at the first brunt.

Compounds

Objective.

brunt-bearing adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective] > resisting > enduring with resistance

brunt-bearing1654

1654 Trag. Alphonsus iii. 37 Saxon lansknights and brunt-bearing Switzers.

1936 Proc. Staff Meetings Mayo Clinic 11 166 The force of the fall is transmitted to the brunt-bearing bone of the forearm, the radius.

1993 A. Bennett in London Rev. Bks. 25 Mar. 3/2 More brunt-bearing than her brother where Mrs Larkin was concerned.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	brunt
释义	bruntn.¹ Brit. /brʌnt/, U.S. /brənt/ Forms: Middle English brownte, Middle English–1500s bront, Middle English–1500s bronte, Middle English–1500s brount, Middle English–1600s brunte, Middle English– brunt, 1500s brounte; also Scottish pre-1700 bront, pre-1700 brwnt. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown.It has often been suggested that this word may be a borrowing < early Scandinavian, although attested forms in Scandinavian languages present both formal and semantic problems (compare Old Icelandic bruna , Swedish regional bryna fram , both in sense ‘to rush, to move quickly’, of uncertain origin, probably < the same Germanic base as burn v.¹, and the related noun Old Icelandic brundr (of an animal) heat). Perhaps compare also forms of similar sense with possible imitative origin, e.g. dunt n.¹ and later bunt n.⁸ beside bunt v.² Compare also the corresponding verb brunt v., although the relative priority of the two words is unclear. It is not certain that sense 6 shows the same word; some influence from or association with bruit n. is possible. I. A blow, attack, or force and related senses. †1. A sharp blow. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > [noun] > a sharp or smart blow dab1300 rapc1330 thresta1400 bruntc1400 knap14.. yedderc1440 gird1487 yert1509 fillip1543 yark1555 flewet1570 stingera1577 flirt1577 wherret1577 riprapc1580 spang1595 nick1651 lick1680 flip1692 yowf1711 clink1722 wherrya1726 click1773 whither1791 swata1800 yank1818 snock1825 clip1830 snop1849 clinkera1863 siserary1893 blip1894 c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 174 (MED) Bot baysment gef myn hert a brunt. c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 3166 (MED) He smote the bisshope withe a bronde And gaf him an evel bronte. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) III. 1217 Sir Gawayne gaff hym many sad bruntis. 1560 T. Palfreyman Myrrour for All Estates sig. H.vi Waightynge alwayes deathes mooste deadly brunt. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. viii. sig. H4^v Who thrusting boldly twixt him and the blow, The burden of the deadly brunt did beare Vpon his shield. View more context for this quotation 1631 J. Ball Treat. Faith i. xii. 194 Our soules, which being the shield in this our spirituall warfare, endureth much battering and many brunts. a1677 T. Manton 190 Serm. on 119th Psalm (1681) cxxxv. 835 The length of sufferings, some can endure a sharp brunt, but tire under a long affliction. 1712 E. Hopkins Death disarm'd of its Sting 84 Cannot thy Patience stand out one hard Brunt, and endure a short Shock, though it be fierce and violent? †2. An attack or onslaught. Often with bear, endure, sustain, etc. (cf. senses 4 and 5). a. An attack or onslaught of an immaterial thing, as sickness, temptation, persecution, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by hostile measures or words bruntc1425 assaultc1449 battery1562 onset1566 brash1573 breach1578 onslaught1613 onfall1646 attack1653 assay?1705 to return to the charge1752 arietation1797 set-to1808 set1829 dead set1835 go-in1858 on-ding1871 hatchet work1938 blitzkrieg1939 blitz1940 carpet bombing1956 bowling1959 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. l. 3270 Þe pore sodyours, Whiche bere þe bront euere of suche shoures, And þe meschef of werre, comounly. c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 2255) in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems (1840) 261 Behold the batail that I [sc. Jesus] did undirfonge, The bront abydyng of there mortal emprise. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth viii. sig. D.iii Strength maye suffre a brount. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Mmmm.ii So many, and so great bruntes of affliction and persecution. a1617 P. Baynes Comm. Epist. First Chapter Paul to Ephesians (1618) xvi. 323 A brunt of vnbeliefe doth not euacuate our faith. 1799 Witch, & Maid of Honour I. 171 When the first brunt is over, it never hurts you after. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 210 Wishing to despise as then Brunts of fate and scorns of men. b. A military assault; a charge, an attack. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] fiend-reseOE frumresec1275 assault1297 sault1297 inracea1300 sailing13.. venuea1330 checkc1330 braid1340 affrayc1380 outrunningc1384 resinga1387 wara1387 riota1393 assailc1400 assayc1400 onset1423 rake?a1425 pursuitc1425 assemblinga1450 brunta1450 oncominga1450 assembly1487 envaya1500 oncomea1500 shovea1500 front1523 scry1523 attemptate1524 assaulting1548 push1565 brash1573 attempt1584 affront?1587 pulse1587 affret1590 saliaunce1590 invasion1591 assailment1592 insultation1596 aggressa1611 onslaught1613 source1616 confronta1626 impulsion1631 tentative1632 essaya1641 infall1645 attack1655 stroke1698 insult1710 coup de main1759 onfall1837 hurrah1841 beat-up of quarters1870 offensive1887 strafe1915 grand slam1916 hop-over1918 run1941 strike1942 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] assault1297 venuea1330 scoura1400 wassailc1400 frayc1430 brunta1450 sault1510 onseta1522 attemptate1524 onsetting1541 breach1578 dint1579 objectiona1586 invasion1591 extent1594 grassation1610 attack1655 run1751 wrack1863 mayhem1870 serve1967 a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1932) III. l. 17834 (MED) They ryden al on front, For they weren Seker of a bront. c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1897) 12 116 (MED) Of Englond and Scotelond ther were fewe slayne, for they wer in the rereward; and they of the base marches bare the bronte, for they wer in the voward. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Order of Fools (Laud) in Minor Poems (1934) 451 (MED) He..Bosteth with bordas, and at a bront [c1475 Nero brownte] wil ffle. a1500 (?a1475) Guy of Warwick (Cambr. Ff.2.38) l. 3389 (MED) In þat brunte many they hente And many slewe and all torente. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. viii. sig. bij [He] there alone sustayned the hole bronte of his enemyes. a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. A3^v Stranger engines for the brunt of warre. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 491 Sustaining the charge and brunt of K. Porsenaes army. 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. x. 32 At the third brunt, they made those lusty Souldiers flie. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis 533/2 He endures sore brunts; Magnos impetus sustinet; Cæs. 1716 tr. I. de Larrey Hist. Reign Charles I II. 263 Here was the greatest Brunt, and the bloodiest of the Battle. 1829 W. Scott House of Aspen i. ii, in Keepsake 9 Martin is a good soldier, and has stood toughly by George in many a hard brunt. †3. Originally with reference to a horse or other animal: a sudden onwards movement, a forward rush; a sudden effort, strain, or outburst; a fit, a spurt. Also figurative. Obsolete.With quots. a1500 and 1551, cf. at one (also a) brunt at Phrases 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > spell or bout of action > sudden brunt1440 fit1586 spurta1591 burst1862 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 54 Brunt, insultus, impetus. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 282 Thei sporered theire horse ouer the brigge at a brunt. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Gviii^v Oxen..they graunte to be not so good as horses as [prob. read at; later edd. at a] sodeyne brunt, and (as we saye) at a dead lifte. 1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus (ii. 12) 476 It is but for a brunt of newfanglednesse. a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI Serm. (1629) 606 His vigor is not brunts onely, or starts, impetus. a1668 R. Rhodes Flora's Vagaries (1670) 58 It will be but one Brunt o' th' Old mans anger. 4. Chiefly with of. The shock, violence, or impact of an attack or onslaught. Often with bear, take, endure, etc. (cf. senses 2 and 5).In early use difficult to distinguish from sense 2, esp. in phrases like brunt of war, brunt of battle, etc. a. The shock or force of a military attack, the violence of fighting or war; (more generally) the impact or effect of a physical agent or force. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > [noun] > forcible, heavy, or violent > shock of violent impact or collision brunta1450 concussion1490 shock1603 jolt1632 impression1694 jara1817 perculsion1822 a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) (1988) 58 Ȝif he fauȝt wiþ strong men þat wolde abide þe brount of þe batayle, wiþ hem he fauȝt wiþ heuy wepouns as malles of leed. 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin ii. 108 All the brunt and swaigh of that dayes fight. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres i. 4 The first three, fiue, or seuen rankes..do beare the chiefe brunt. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. v. §6. 51 Athens..indured the hardest and worst brunt of Darius inuasion. 1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 61 Neither will it [sc. brasse] like Gold resist the utmost brunt of the Fire. 1701 tr. Present State Europe Sept. 319 There were no more than one Batallion of Mansfield's, Two of Nigrelli's..and Daun's Grenadiers who bore the Brunt of the Engagement against Three Brigades and a half of the Enemy. 1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. iv. 282 Utterly averse To stand the Brunt of another Engagement. 1809 Duke of Wellington Let. 12 May in Dispatches (1837) IV. 324 Bearing the first brunt of the enemy's attack. 1862 G. P. Marsh Lect. Eng. Lang. (new ed.) ii. 29 It was upon the Cymry that the chief brunt of the contest fell. 1922 Bus Transportation Mar. 184/2 If the tire can take the first sharp brunt of the shocks the production of satisfactory riding comfort is much simplified. 1943 London Gaz. 28 May (Suppl.) 2361/2 Descending to within a few feet of the water and taking the full brunt of the anti-aircraft defences, he delivered his attack with great accuracy. 1984 T. Horton Bay Country (1987) 131 The ancient dunes..were hard by the ocean,..bearing the full brunt of waves and storms. 2014 N. W. Florida Daily News 29 Apr. a1/1 Her son's skull was fractured, but..[she] took more of the brunt because she was lying on top of her son to try to protect him. b. The impact or effect of an abstract agency or force. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > the shock or force of an attack brunt1573 1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 15 I must needes abide the brunt of his displeasure. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Norf. 248 When such prisoners..have weathered out the brunt of that disease. 1775 E. Burke Speech Amer. Taxation 57 I had rather bear the brunt of all his wit. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. iv. 212 Grindal..bore the whole brunt of the queen's displeasure. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues III. 192 To avoid the brunt of their argument. 1922 W. S. Churchill Let. 4 Feb. in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) xi. 250 Ireland is sure to bring us every form of difficulty and embarrassment, and I expect I shall have to bear the brunt of it in the House of Commons. 1987 E. Simpson Orphans (1988) i. iii. 42 The older girls fled, leaving Marie to take the full brunt of her wrath. 2012 Sunday Guardian (India) (Nexis) 16 Sept. Women in Pakistan..who continually face the hard brunt of intolerance. 5. Chiefly with of. The chief shock or force of a military attack; the chief impact of an abstract agency; the chief stress or burden. Often with bear, take, feel, etc. (cf. senses 2 and 4).Now the most common sense. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > oppression, persecution, or affliction > overpowering pressure of an adverse force > most severe stress1619 brunt1769 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. xi. 309 The wing of the French which stood the brunt of the combat. 1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh 93 Now comes the brunt, the crisis of the day. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. vii. ix. 384 The brunt of the danger seems past. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 241 But the English had borne the brunt of the fight. 1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. vii. 110 The brunt of the defence fell on ships, not on soldiers. 1914 Brooms, Brushes & Handles Jan. 11/2 The scarcity of the crop did much to raise the price of brooms in the east, and Philadelphia. which is a large broomcorn consuming city, felt the brunt of the situation. 1955 O. Manning Doves of Venus i. vii. 79 He smiled ruefully, allying himself with those who had taken the brunt of things. 2010 Independent 23 Aug. 19/1 Supermarket staff..bear the brunt of customer exasperation at the failings of the new checkout technology. †II. A rumour or outcry. 6. A rumour; a noise, an outcry. Cf. bruit n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > outcry or clamour reamOE ropeOE brack?c1200 utas1202 hootinga1225 berec1225 noise?c1225 ludea1275 cryc1275 gredingc1275 boastc1300 utasa1325 huec1330 outcrya1382 exclamation1382 ascry1393 spraya1400 clamourc1405 shoutingc1405 scry1419 rumourc1425 motion?a1439 bemec1440 harrowc1440 shout1487 songa1500 brunt1523 ditec1540 uproar1544 clamouring1548 outrage1548 hubbub1555 racket1565 succlamation1566 rear1567 outcrying1569 bellowing1579 brawl1581 hue and cry1584 exclaiming1585 exclaim1587 sanctus1594 hubbaboo1596 oyez1597 conclamation1627 sputter1673 rout1684 dirduma1693 hallalloo1737 yelloching1773 pillaloo1785 whillaloo1790 vocitation1819 blue murder1828 blaring1837 shilloo1842 shillooing1845 pillalooing1847 shriek1929 yammering1937 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clxxxviii. 222 The brunt [Fr. fame] went y^t he was chiefe heed of the prouostes treason. ?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection i. l. 52 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 173 Herd ye not the Exclamation And the grete brunte..‘Crucyfy hym!’ 1591 G. Clayton Approoued Order Martiall Discipline i. 42 The one [Scoute] to sende to the other euery halfe quarter of an houre, to know what brunts or noyse they heare. Phrases †P1. at one (also a) brunt: by one stroke, at one fell swoop; at once, suddenly. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > shortness in time [phrase] > instantaneously as thou turnest thine handc1225 at a brusha1400 at one (also a) bruntc1450 with a whisk1487 with a whip Sir John1550 in the turn (also turning) of a hand1564 with or at a wink1585 at a blowa1616 in a wink1693 at a stroke1709 in or wi' a whid1719 in the trip of a minute1728 with a thrash1870 the twinkling of a bedpost1871 in a whisk1900 in jig-time1916 c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 3934 (MED) All at was bitten of þa best was at a brunt dede. a1555 N. Ridley Pituous Lament. (1566) sig. Avi Many vaine yea wicked traditions of man..nowe at one brunte..are reuiued. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 69 Here Osorius..uttereth all his skill at a brunt. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. 2 Kings xxiii. 8 Which killed eight hundred at one brunt. 1642 King of Denmarck (Thomason Tracts CXXIX. No. 29) sig. A3 That formidable and invincible Armado..was sufficiently potent to have blasted the whole Kingdome at one brunt, had not the divine protection averted it from vs. †P2. at (also in) the first brunt: at the first charge or attack; figurative at the start, at first, immediately. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [adverb] > at first attack at (also in) the first bruntc1450 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > at the beginning [phrase] at firstc1300 at (also in) the first bruntc1450 at the first chop1528 at hand1558 at the first jump1577 at starting1674 c1450 (c1425) Brut (Cambr. Kk.1.12) 378 Þat was hir false purpose..to ouyrryde our meyne..sodeynly yn þe first bront [1480 Caxton at the fyrst brount]. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxiii. 395 At the fyrste brounte the Almaynes were constrayned to recule abacke. 1539 Bible (Great) 2 Kings xvii. f. xliiij/1 Though some of his men be ouerthrowen at the fyrst brunt. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Cor. i. f. vi A doctrine, that at the fyrste brunte seemeth base and folyshe. 1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Worlde 8 If they vpon any attempt do not preuaile at the first brunt; their best course will be, to capitulate with their enemies. a1676 B. Whitlocke Mem. Eng. Affairs (1682) 521/1 Three of their Ships were wholly disabled at the first brunt. 1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely i. 44 They put them into disorder at the first brunt. 1706 D. Craufurd Mem. Affairs Scotl. 169 When the Earl approach'd, these Gentlemen order'd their Men to Fire upon him smartly, hoping to Discourage his Troops at the first Brunt. 1745 J. Heath tr. L. Goulon Mem. Monsieur Goulon 47 It will not be possible for them at the first brunt to force the double Pallisades yet intire. 1840 Ann. London Homœopathic Dispensary 1 113 Sometimes..the ulceration of the lungs succeeds so rapidly to the softening of a tuberculous mass..that the phthisis begins apparently at the first brunt with the third stage. 1867 J. McCarthy Waterdale Neighbours III. viii. 232 Warton had not up to this moment felt quite assured that Dr. Alwyn—clergyman though he was—might not knock him down at the first brunt of the revelation. 1902 J. Carling Shadow of Czar 141 He flew upon Paul as if purposing to lay him hors de combat at the first brunt. Compounds Objective. brunt-bearing adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective] > resisting > enduring with resistance brunt-bearing1654 1654 Trag. Alphonsus iii. 37 Saxon lansknights and brunt-bearing Switzers. 1936 Proc. Staff Meetings Mayo Clinic 11 166 The force of the fall is transmitted to the brunt-bearing bone of the forearm, the radius. 1993 A. Bennett in London Rev. Bks. 25 Mar. 3/2 More brunt-bearing than her brother where Mrs Larkin was concerned. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † bruntn.² Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Obsolete. rare. In a fruit tree: a short shoot bearing fruit buds; a spur (spur n.¹ 7a). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > [noun] > bough or branch > spur or stump of branch or bud stubc1405 snag1577 brunt1623 skeg1625 stud1657 argot1693 spur1704 stump1707 wood-bud1763 nog1802 branch-bud1882 knee1889 knee-process1889 dard1925 1623 Hvsband-mans Frvitfvll Orchard 3 in W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden (new ed.) Againe, you must gather your fruit cleane without Leaues or Brunts because the one hurts the tree, for euery brunt would be a stalke for fruit to grow vpon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2018). bruntv. Brit. /brʌnt/, U.S. /brənt/ Forms: see brunt n.¹ Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: brunt n.¹ Etymology: Apparently < brunt n.¹ †1. intransitive. To move with a sudden impulse; to start. Also: to make an assault or attack. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (intransitive)] to lay ona1225 assailc1325 sailc1330 assemblea1375 to fall inc1384 to fall ona1387 givec1430 brunt1440 to set (all) on sevenc1440 to ding on1487 to fall down1534 offend1540 to go on1553 to give on?1611 to let fly1611 strikea1616 insult1638 to set on1670 aggress1708 to carry the war into the enemy's camp1791 hop over1929 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 54 Bruntun, or make a soden stertynge, insilio. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 5832 (MED) Þe oxen bront forth with a breth; Þe wayne men wer noȝt ware. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin (1899) xxii. 406 (MED) He drof in a-monge hem so harde, that alle thei fremysshed and brunt [Fr. bruient]. a1684 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Latina (1685) 75 They would brunt without a main force. 2. transitive. To bear the brunt of (and withstand); to face defiantly. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist > maintain resistance against to stand before ——OE bearOE tholec1175 sustainc1330 last1340 suffera1387 support1483 outstand1571 hold1592 to hold outa1616 ridea1649 brunt1800 to stand up to1921 1800 Rep. Deb. House of Commons Ireland 15–16 Jan. 54 Was it for separation..that the spring-bud of the nation put forth its eager and its tender head to brunt the storm? 1859 I. Taylor Logic in Theol. 194 Brunting the chilling fogs of a winter's afternoon, in England. 1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel I. vii. 122 ‘Do you think they'll ever suspect us?’ ‘What if they do? We must brunt it.’ 1876 J. Ellis Caesar in Egypt 56 Not as for sea, to brunt the winds and waves, But inland bound. 1932 Prairie Schooner 6 85 Serried heads, bent a little as if brunting a stiff breeze. 1988 S. E. Hobfoll Ecol. of Stress iv. 156 Such support might have the important effect of brunting crisis levels of stress, but it is doubtful that it would continue to be efficacious. 2006 W. Larsen Perfect Assassin xxvii. 337 Slaton's shoulder brunted the gun's recoil. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹c1400n.²1623v.1440
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bruntn.1

Phrases

Compounds

† bruntn.2

bruntv.

bruntn.¹

† bruntn.²