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单词 brink
释义

brinkn.

Brit. /brɪŋk/, U.S. /brɪŋk/
Forms: Middle English brenk, Middle English–1500s brynke, Middle English–1500s brynke, Middle English–1600s brinke, 1500s brinck, Middle English– brink.
Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian.
Etymology: Middle English brink (brenk ), not known in Old English; corresponding to Middle Dutch brinc (Dutch brink ), Middle Low German brink ‘edge of a field, grass-land, side of a hill, hill’ (whence modern German brink ‘green hill, grass-land’), Swedish brink ‘descent of a hill’, Danish brink ‘steepness, precipice, declivity’, all masculine, cognate with Old Norse brekka (feminine) ( < brinkâ ) ‘slope, hillside, hill’. The English word was probably < Scandinavian. In sense brink formerly ran parallel with brim n.2
1. The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, such as one might fall over, e.g. the ‘brink’ of a precipice, chasm, pit, ditch, grave. on the brink of the grave (figurative): near death. [This is the specific current sense, which now also affects the use of sense 2, and entirely colours the figurative use in sense 5; but it is doubtful whether the first two quotations do not rather belong to sense 2.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > [noun] > of something steep
brinka1300
edgec1400
pit-brink1571
overgoing1634
the world > life > death > dead person or the dead > [adjective] > dying
deadlyc893
swelting?a1400
dyingc1450
at (the) utterance1525
in (the, his) extremes1551
parting1562
Acherontic1597
ending1600
departing1603
on one's last legs1614
expiring1635
mortifying1649
morient1679
upon one's last stretch1680
gasping1681
à la mort1700
moribund1721
outward-bound1809
terminal1854
on the brink of the grave1872
defunctive1929
a1300 Ancr. R. 242 Þe horse þet is scheouh, and blencheð uor one scheadewe upo þe heie brugge, and falleð adun into þe watere of þe heie brugge [MS. Titus D. xviii. brinke].
c1386 G. Chaucer Merch. T. 157 I am hoor and old, And almost at [v.r. on] my pittes brinke.
?a1400 Chester Pl. 68 Your owine childe for to spill Upon this hilles brinke?
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 384 Vche a dale so depe þat demmed at þe brynkez.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 150 And caste hir eyen downward fro the Brynke [v.r. brinke, brenke].
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iii. 241 Of this deepe pit..I haue no strength to plucke thee to the brinck . View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 918 The warie fiend Stood on the brink of Hell and look'd a while. View more context for this quotation
1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §148. 173 He shall come to the Brink of a Precipice.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxix. 355 Upon the brink of the cleanly-separated fissures.
1872 J. Morley Voltaire iv. 198 Tottering on the brink of the grave.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 170 The church..is now on the very brink of the cliff.
2. The edge of the land bordering a piece of water, as a river, lake, the sea: formerly = ‘bank, shore, brim’; now esp. when this rises abruptly from the water: thus running into sense 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > [noun]
staithec893
cliffeOE
overeOE
wartha1000
strandc1000
brimc1275
brinka1300
rivagec1330
water bankc1384
cleevea1387
watersidea1387
clifta1398
rival?a1400
shorec1400
water breach1495
common shorea1568
verge1606
praia1682
riva1819
splash zone1933
a1300 K. Horn 141 Schup, bi þe se flode..Bi þe se brinke.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1766 Þe burnes ouer þe brink [Fairf. brenk] it brast.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xli. 3 Thei weren fedde in the brenke of the flood [1611 vpon the brinke of the riuer].
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. Rolls Ser. 65 By þe see brynkes [L. juxta marium margines].
1480 W. Caxton Descr. Brit. 17 A ryall cite vpon the brinke of twede.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 58/2 They sawe thegypcyens lyeng deed upon the brynkes of the see.
1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Pref. sig. aavj Azion Gaber, by the brinke of the redde sea.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 97 Reeds defend the winding Waters Brink . View more context for this quotation
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 36 Their habitations on the brink, or in the neighborhood of some lake.
1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece VI. ii. lii. 469 On the brink of the sea.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 630 They marched..to the brink of the Boyne.
3.
a. The brim of a vessel; = brim n.2 4. Obsolete or dialect.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] > rim
brink1382
berda1425
edgea1450
lip1592
beaded1917
bead rim1936
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Chron. iv. 2 He maad..a ȝoten se of tenn cubitis fro brynke vnto brynk.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 52 Brynke of a wesselle.
a1500 Songs & Carols (1847) 56 Fyll the cope by the brynk.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. li Thou must spare at the brinke, & nat at the bottom.
1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xii. sig. G.iiiv Fat dothe swymme aboue in the brynkes of the stomacke.
1598 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. (new ed.) f. 89 A bowle of Nectar fild vnto the brincke.
1709 J. Swift Baucis & Philemon 2 Fill'd a large Jugg up to the Brink.
b. The brim of a hat. dialect.
ΚΠ
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 68 With weather-beaten hat of rusty brown, Stranger to brinks, and often to a crown.
4.
a. gen. A margin, border, edge. Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > [noun]
brerdc1000
hemc1200
barmc1340
cantc1375
margina1382
boardc1400
borderc1400
brinkc1420
edgea1450
verge1459
brim1525
rind1530
margent1538
abuttal1545
marge1551
skirt1566
lip1592
skirt1598
limb1704
phylactery1715
rim1745
rand1829
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 813 In places wete or moist make evry brynke Two foote in heght.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Exod. xxv. 24 Make to it a goldun brynke.
c1432–50 tr. Higden (1865) I. 309 In the brynkes of the lesse Asia.
1508 Balade against Tymes Prudence and policy are banyst our al brinkis.
a1535 T. More Wks. (1557) 81 The ytch of a sore leg, whan thou clawest about the brinkes.
1562 W. Bullein Dial. Sorenes f. 21v, in Bulwarke of Defence The brinkes of the wounde, must be oiled with Rosed omphacine.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 490 His eares erected vpright, as the eares of a catte..the farthest brinkes or edges, and also his latter may be bended on the other side.
1724 T. Hearne Pref. R. Glouc. §25. 81 In one part of this MS. at the very bottom, just on the Brink of a Page.
a1824 Ld. Byron Childe Harold i, in Wks. (1837) 14/2 All these are coop'd within one Quarto's brink.
b. figurative. archaic.
ΚΠ
1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. 688 Now we are but upon the brink and skirts of the Cause.
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound ii. v. 90 On the brink of the night and the morning.
5.
a. figurative. The very verge of some state, time, event, or action: now esp. in the phrases on, to, from the brink of, a discovery, ruin, destruction, death, eternity, anarchy, revolution, absurdity, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > approximation > edge, verge, or brink
brink?a1400
brim1549
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 2977 Scho dred þer assaute, hunger was at þe brynk.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) v. ii. 41 You..Surprize me to the very brinke of teares. View more context for this quotation
1671 A. Marvell Let. 6 Apr. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 138 It is impossible we should rise before the very brinke of Easter.
a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1686) III. 191 Old men..visibly stand upon the brink of eternity.
1720 J. Swift Proposal Use Irish Manuf. 6 To save them from the brink of Ruin.
1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 335 I was at the very brink of Destruction.
1758 S. Johnson Idler 19 Aug. 153 [They] follow them to the brink of absurdity.
1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein I. iii. 90 Sometimes, on the very brink of certainty, I failed.
1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 367 As conqueror, he brought us to the brink of feudal anarchy; as despot, he saved us from passing the brink.
1884 Graphic 158/3 The secret..on the brink of discovery.
b. with infinitive (obsolete) or gerund: On the very point of. (Now of something momentous or perilous.)
ΚΠ
1702 T. Smith in Pepys' Diary VI. 240 Upon the brink to complete fourscore.
1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic I. iv. 228 You were upon the Brink of falling a Prey to our Enemies.
1788 Ld. Sheffield in Corr. Ld. Auckland II. 223 Trevor was on the brink of going to Petersburg.
1808 Salmagundi 25 Jan. xx. 424 I was on the very brink of treating you with a full broadside.
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend I. ii. xvi. 319 She is on the brink of being sold into wretchedness for life.
c. spec. the verge of war.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > war > [noun] > verge of war
verge1772
brink1956
1840 J. S. Mill Let. 30 Dec. in Wks. (1963) XIII. 459 They had been brought to the brink of a war.]
1956 Life 16 Jan. 78 Says Dulles ‘..Of course we were brought to the verge of war... If you try to run away from it, if you are scared to go to the brink, you are lost... We walked to the brink and we looked it in the face.’

Compounds

brink-full n. Obsolete full to the brink, brimfull.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > [adjective] > full > full to the brim
brerd-fullc1000
bret-fullc1200
staff-fulla1400
chock-fullc1440
brimful1530
brink-full1553
top-full1553
brim-charged1582
bankfullc1600
crowned1603
full-brimmed1614
brimmed1624
teemful1673
brimming1697
stock-full1782
throat-fulla1800
jam-full1835
cram-full1837
stodge-full1847
chockc1850
top-filled1860
1553 tr. S. Gardiner De Vera Obediencia: Oration G vij With an emptie and free minde and not already brynke full.
brinkless adj. without any brink or border.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > infiniteness > [adjective]
unbegunc1000
uncircumscriptc1374
endless138.
finitea1400
measurelessc1400
infinite1413
ginningless?1440
immensec1450
unlimitedc1475
infinal?1504
interminate1533
termlessa1542
brinkless1567
without limit1572
uncompassed1577
limitlessa1586
beginningless1587
untermedc1595
boundless1599
illimitate1602
illimited1602
unbeginning1605
incomprehense1606
inconjectable1609
uncircumscribed1610
borderless1611
confinelessa1616
finelessa1616
unconfined1629
uninchoative1649
indefinite1664
incircumscript1677
imprincipiate1683
ensophic1693
interminateda1734
unhorizoned1811
unencompasseda1822
unterminated1853
1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) viii. f. 109v The hungar of his brinklesse Maw the gulf that nawght might fill.

Derivatives

ˈbrinkmanship n. [-manship suffix] the art of advancing to the very brink of war but not engaging in it; also transferred and figurative; hence (as a back-formation), ˈbrinkman one who practises brinkmanship.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > war > war as profession or skill > [noun] > strategy > advancing to brink of war but not engaging
brinkmanship1956
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun] > risk > action of taking risks > art of
brinkmanship1956
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun] > risk > action of taking risks > one who
adventurerc1485
ventureling1562
bonaventure1598
boneventor1643
risker1678
gambler1838
brinkman1956
1956 N.Y. Times 26 Feb. 1/5 He [sc. Adlai Stevenson] derided the Secretary [sc. J. F. Dulles] for ‘boasting of his brinkmanship—the art of bringing us to the edge of the nuclear abyss’.
1958 Ann. Reg. 1957 183 Anglo-French ‘brinkmanship’ over Suez had failed to stop at the brink.
1958 S. Potter Supermanship 127 Brinkmanship is a clever way of describing the Dulles attitude.
1958 S. Potter Supermanship 127 Krushchev is the true Brinkman: his existence depending..on enemy-at-the-gatemanship.
1958 Times 11 Nov. Jackson Pollock..was..one to whom every new painting was..almost an act of spiritual brinkmanship.
1967 Spectator 18 Aug. 177/3 A policy of muddling through, of economic brinkmanship.
ˈbrinkmanlike adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [adjective] > full of risk > risk-taking
hazardous1560
outstretching1654
brinkmanlike1958
radical1964
1958 Economist 27 Dec. 1134/1 He [sc. Potter] is about to plunge, brinkmanlike, into International Lifemanship.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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