tunneln.

Brit.

/ˈtʌnl/, U.S.

/ˈtən(ə)l/

Forms: Middle English–1600s tonel, 1500s tonell, 1500s–1600s tonnel, tonnell, tunell, 1500s–1700s tunnell, (1600s tunill), 1500s– tunnel; see also tonnel n.

Etymology: < Old French tonel (masculine), in modern French tonneau tun, cask, and the feminine derivative tonnelle , to which the early English in sense 1 corresponds. The sense of ‘tube, pipe, opening’ and its extensions are of English development, and for that of ‘subterranean passage’ tunnel has been adopted in modern French (in Dict. Acad. 1878) from English.

a. A net for catching partridges or waterfowl, having a pipe-like passage with a wide opening, and narrowing towards the end; a tunnel-net. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > fowling equipment > [noun] > net

plover net1404

tunnelc1440

setter1526

trammel1530

bird net1533

day net1576

road net1581

sparrow-net1621

shaw-net1648

trammel-net1648

spreadnet1661

pocket-hay1704

bramble-net1706

clap-net1708

tunnel-net1721

funnel-net1774

bow-net1875

flight net1889

house trap1903

pouting-net1905

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 496/2 Tonel, to take byrdys, obvolutorium.

1538 in York Wills (1902) VI. 85 To Brian Lelome all my partrike nettes called a tonnell.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. lxxi. 901 To take partridges with the tonnell or tombrell, there must a man be placed behind a cow, or a horse of wood or of osier painted in..the fashions of a cow or a horse.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Tonnelle, a Tunnell, or staulking horse for Partridges.

1710 Act 9 Anne c. 27 §5 The pernicious Practice of driving and taking [Wild Fowl] with Hayes Tunnells and other Nets in the Fens.

1822 Sporting Mag. 9 177 A tunnel..(a net used in taking game).

b. ‘The funnel-shaped conductor leading from the heart to the pound in a pound-net’ (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 1884).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > pound net > part of

pot1865

tunnel1873

1873 Rep. U.S. Fish Commission i. 264 The pound-nets..have several parts, termed the ‘leader’, the ‘heart’, the ‘pot’, ‘bowl’, or ‘crib’, and the ‘tunnel’.

†2.

a. The shaft or flue of a chimney. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > chimney > flue or shaft

tewelc1384

shaftc1450

tunnel1508

shankc1525

chimney-shank1552

flue1582

gullet1672

funnel1688

fire tube1729

vent1756

stalk1821

chimney neck1833

stovepipe1858

1508 J. Stanbridge Vulgaria (W. de W.) A vj b Infumibulum, the tonell [printed towell] of the chymnaye.

1510 J. Stanbridge Vocabula (W. de W.) B ij b Infunibulum, a tunnell of a chymney.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 282/1 Tonnell [283/2 Tunnell] of a chymney, tuyau.

1595 in Archaeologia (1913) 64 374 Opening y^e tunnel in y^e low bakt mete house.

1680 J. Aubrey Brief Lives: Bacon (1898) I. 78 The tunnells of the chimneys were carried into the middle of the howse.

c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 4 The Chimney is just under the window and the Tunnells runnes upon each side.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. v. 109 The fire..roared, blazed, and ascended, half in smoke, half in flame, up a huge tunnel, with an opening wide enough to accomodate a stone-seat within its ample vault.

†b. A pipe or tube in general. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [noun] > quality of being hollow cylinder > hollow cylinder or tube

pipeOE

channela1387

cannela1400

canal?a1425

trump?1440

tunnel1545

clyster1578

cannon1588

bugle1615

tube1658

1545 T. Raynald & R. Jonas in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde iv. sig. Y.iv Let the woman set her selfe..on a couar made for the nonce w^t a tunnel or cundyte.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvii. xxi. 528 Let them passe..through..an earthen pipe or tunnell.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 248 It [the island Volcano] had three tunnels whereat it evaporated fire.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 3 By and with them [miracles] as by Tunnels, the influence, power and authority of truth might enter and prevaile.

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. Tunnelled, term applied to sounds or other instruments having a short tube or tunnel, through which a fine bougie..passes.

†c. figurative. plural. Applied to the nostrils (as a passage for tobacco-smoke). Obsolete humorous nonce-use.

ΚΠ

1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) i. iv, in Wks. I. 15 He dos take this same filthy roguish tabacco,..it would doe a man good to see the fume come forth at 's tonnells!

3. A funnel. Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > funnel

tunner1337

tunder1343

tundish1388

funnel1402

tunnela1529

fundible1579

funible1654

infundible1657

filler1782

a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 403 Another..brought a pottel pycher, A tonnel, and a bottell.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 282/1 Tonnell to fyll wyne with, antonnoyr.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxx. vi. 381 Given in drink and swallowed downe by a pipe or tunill.

1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) lxxxix. 157 Be careful that..it fit thy Funnel or Tunnel.

1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth III. 251 For the Bottle you cannot well fill it, Without a Tunnel.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xv. 286 Cocks, pipes, tunnels, for transferring the cyder from one vessel to another.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Tunnel, s. a funnel,..in constant use.

1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. (MS.) Pour the wine thro the tunnel into the bottle.

a. A subterranean passage; a road-way excavated under ground, esp. under a hill or mountain, or beneath the bed of a river: now most commonly on a railway; also in earliest use on a canal, in a mine, etc. (The chief current sense.)

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > underground passage or tunnel

crypt1583

burrow1615

gallery1630

syrinx1678

rock hole1738

cellarwaya1762

tunnel1765

heading1811

subpassage1822

subway1822

subway1831

underpass1904

1765 T. Lowndes Let. 1 July in Hist. Inland Navigations (1766) i. 41 Mr. Brindley..is driving a large tunnel through the center of this hill.

1782 T. Pennant Journey Chester to London 52 The most southern tunnel, as it is called, is at Hermitage.

1790 Jane Snow in A. C. Bower's Diaries & Corr. (1903) 105 We went through what they call a Tunnel—a passage through the Earth for the convenience of carrying Coals by Water: it is two miles and a half long, fifteen feet wide, the same high.

1792 A. Young Trav. France 366 At Orgon the canal de Boisgelin..is a noble work, but unfinished; it passes here in a tunnel four hundred and forty yards through a mountain.

1792 J. Phillips Gen. Hist. Inland Navigation xiv. 363 The celebrated tunnel through Harecastle-hill, Staffordshire, was cut under the direction of..Mr. Brindley [in 1766].

1798 Monthly Mag. July 74 A cylindrical tunnel under the Thames from Gravesend to Tilbury.

1861 Sat. Rev. 23 Nov. 540 The projectors of a tunnel thirty miles long under the Channel.

1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 15 The vein has been attacked by various tunnels and shafts.

b. An arched drain. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > covered

wholve1395

whelmc1576

turf-drain1805

barrel-drain1823

tunnel1828

turf-draining1831

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Tunnel, an arched drain.

c. A working-hole in the wall of a glass-furnace.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > glass-making furnaces > openings

working hole1735

bocca1799

boccarella1799

tunnel1839

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 587 Two principal openings of the furnace... These are called tunnels. They are destined for the introduction of the pots and the fuel.

d. transferred. The burrow of an animal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by habitat > habitat > [noun] > dwelling place or shelter > burrow

holec950

burrowa1375

dowera1398

earthc1450

anglec1720

pipe1738

tunnel1873

pig-hole1928

1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab vii. 124 The burrows of the mole-rat, which does duty, in the making of runs and molehills, for the common mole, but excavates much larger tunnels.

1886 J. Burroughs Signs & Seasons (1895) 179 Through the tunnel of the meadow mouse the water rushes as through a pipe.

e. A canal in an animal body resembling a tunnel, as that of the organ of Corti in the internal ear.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [noun] > tube or pipe > serving as canal

siphon1826

tunnel1882

1882 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Corti, organ of, a papillary-looking structure, stretching along the whole length of the canalis cochlearis... It is a sort of tunnel, composed of closely lying arches, the arches of Corti.

1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. xxxiv. 525 The septa between the tunnels may break down and a considerable cavity be thus produced.

f. Applied figuratively to a prolonged period of difficulty, suffering, etc. Frequently in light at the end of the tunnel and the like: a long-awaited sign that a period of hardship or adversity is nearing an end. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > time of > prolonged

Way of the Cross?1504

siege1840

tunnel1879

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > promise, ground of hope > [noun] > sign inspiring hope

light at the end of the tunnel1922

1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 7 July (1956) VII. 178 Though I am getting out of the tunnel into daylight, this renewal of weakness..makes it seem as if we should be wiser to defer the visit.

1899 H. James Awkward Age x. xxxvii. 437 We've worked through the dark tunnel of artificial reserves.

1922 J. M. Murry Let. in A. Alpers Life K. Mansfield (1980) xx. 359 I begin to feel that the horror may move away and that there is a big round spot of real daylight at the end of the tunnel.

1943 J. B. Priestley Daylight on Sat. xxxv. 283 The work..seemed to him a long way off,..seen at the end of a tunnel. It had retreated from him.

1971 Guardian 6 Sept. 2/5 The world has reached a crucial point in its drive to reduce illiteracy, UNESCO reports today. There is now ‘light at the end of the tunnel’.

1975 Ld. Robbins Against Inflation (1979) xviii. 89 I confess I do not understand the suggestion..that there is any strong light at the end of the tunnel, the way we are going now.

g. Aeronautics. A wind tunnel (wind n.¹ Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > aerodynamics > wind tunnels

air tunnel1805

tunnel1911

wind tunnel1911

wind-channel1918

smoke tunnel1931

spinning tunnel1934

hotshot1957

1911 A. P. Thurston Elem. Aeronautics viii. 84 The wind tunnel consists of a tube, passage or tunnel, through which air may be forced or drawn by means of rotating fans, steam jets, or the like. The tunnel may be vertical or horizontal. Sir Hiram Maxim used a horizontal tunnel... Dr Stanton used a wind tunnel..in which the current was vertical and downwards.

1930 Nayler & Ower Aviation To-day 116 Essentially, the tunnel consists of a large tube..along which the air is drawn by means of a motor driving a fan.

1972 Nature 18 Aug. 379/2 A low density tunnel for simulating supersonic and hypersonic flight at altitudes of 20 to 70 miles.

h. Sport. A subway or covered passage by which players pass to or from the field of play.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > place for sports or games > [noun] > covered passage

tunnel1950

1950 Sport 24 Mar. 3/3 He..made for the tunnel under the impression that the game was over.

1976 S. Wales Echo 22 Nov. He..threw it towards the players' tunnel where the police were escorting the referee.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

tunnel-borer n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who makes tunnels

tunnel-workman1843

tunneller1860

tunnel-borer1877

tunnel-man1897

tunnel-worker1903

rock-hog1909

1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Tunnel-borer, a ram, operated by compressed air, for making excavations through rock.

1890 J. Cagney tr. R. von Jaksch Clin. Diagnosis vi. 151 Where a severe form of anæmia occurs in labourers..especially..brick-burners, miners, and tunnel-borers.

tunnel-boring n.

ΚΠ

1909 Westm. Gaz. 29 Dec. 5/4 No Swiss are employed..because they have enough other work and do not care particularly for such employment as tunnel-boring.

tunnel claim n.

ΚΠ

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 123 Rich placer-mines formerly existed in many of the gulches, and several tunnel-claims in the gravel-hills gave excellent profits.

tunnel darkness n.

ΚΠ

1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 253 Without God all things are in tunnel darkness.

tunnel-drain n.

ΚΠ

1840 F. Marryat Olla Podrida III. 317 A long tunnel drain.

tunnel excavation n.

ΚΠ

1882 Rep. Precious Metals (U.S. Bureau of Mint) 638 Tunnel-running is expensive, and where the depth..is not supposed to exceed 150 feet, a vertical prospect shaft is often sunk.

tunnel hut n.

ΚΠ

1889 H. Drummond Trop. Afr. (ed. 2) vi. 133 As the Esquimaux heap up snow, building it into the low tunnel-huts in which they live.

tunnel-maker n.

ΚΠ

1894 S. Smiles J. Wedgwood x. 95 He had known him as a..tunnel-maker.

tunnel-making n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > making tunnels

tunnelling1811

tunnel-making1910

1910 W. James in McClure's Mag. Aug. 467/2 To coal and iron mines,..to road-building and tunnel-making,..would our gilded youths be drafted off.

1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring i. i. 31 I know of no tunnel-making.

tunnel mining n.

ΚΠ

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 125 The scenes of extensive tunnel-mining.

tunnel-mouth n.

ΚΠ

1908 Daily Chron. 19 Aug. 1/7 Turning his head towards the tunnel-mouth.

tunnel-passage n.

ΚΠ

1908 H. H. Johnston G. Grenfell & Congo II. xxvi. 746 The tunnel-passage goes straight to the river.

tunnel pipe n.

ΚΠ

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xx. 232 The Tunell pipe by which the water may be poured in.

tunnel skirt n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for lower body > skirt > types of > close-fitting

tunnel skirt1870

sheath1904

hobble1911

slit skirt1913

tube skirt1948

1870 A. D. T. Whitney We Girls ix. 154 Gathers and gores, tunnel-skirts, and barrel-skirts and paniers.

tunnel-way n.

ΚΠ

1883 Cent. Mag. Oct. 823/2 A tunnel-way for passengers connects the whole.

tunnel-worker n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who makes tunnels

tunnel-workman1843

tunneller1860

tunnel-borer1877

tunnel-man1897

tunnel-worker1903

rock-hog1909

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker in specific place > [noun] > in other specific places

trainman1838

street man1851

towerman1895

tunnel-worker1903

1903 Cent. Mag. Nov. 43/1 The tunnel workers, or ‘Sand Hogs’, enter the lower chambers of the shield.

1911 Daily News 1 Apr. 4 All tunnel-workers in Switzerland being of this nationality [Italian].

tunnel-workman n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who makes tunnels

tunnel-workman1843

tunneller1860

tunnel-borer1877

tunnel-man1897

tunnel-worker1903

rock-hog1909

1843 H. Martineau Hill & Valley (new ed.) 36 The tunnel-workmen were..going to dinner.

tunnel-like adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [adjective] > like a tunnel

tunnel-like1880

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > of hollow cylindrical form

cannulate?a1425

fistulose?1440

pipedc1520

pipe-like1600

fistulous1601

tubulous1664

tubulary1673

tubular1682

cannulated1684

cannular1698

tubulated1713

tunnelled1713

tubulose1714

pipy1724

tubal1735

tubiform1745

tubulate1753

tube-shaped1760

tubuliform1794

fistuliform1805

tubular-shaped1815

tubed1816

canaliform1826

tunnel-shaped1826

tube-like1849

tunnelly1874

tunnel-like1880

tubar1887

1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xlvi. 530 One of the shows of the place was a tunnel-like cavern, which had been hewn in the glacier.

1885 Fortnight in Waggonette 51 I know no part of our complex system that requires more constant and careful attention than the tunnel-like way to the machinery within us.

tunnel-shaped adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > of hollow cylindrical form

cannulate?a1425

fistulose?1440

pipedc1520

pipe-like1600

fistulous1601

tubulous1664

tubulary1673

tubular1682

cannulated1684

cannular1698

tubulated1713

tunnelled1713

tubulose1714

pipy1724

tubal1735

tubiform1745

tubulate1753

tube-shaped1760

tubuliform1794

fistuliform1805

tubular-shaped1815

tubed1816

canaliform1826

tunnel-shaped1826

tube-like1849

tunnelly1874

tunnel-like1880

tubar1887

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxx. 147 When retracted, they form a tunnel-shaped cavity, varying in depth.

C2.

tunnel-anaemia n. = tunnel-disease n. (a) (Dorland Med. Dict. 1900–13).

ΚΠ

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 190 A tunnel drive at the Dutchman Mine, to reach the ledge about 225 feet below the outcrop.

tunnel-back n. local the rear extension of a house, containing the scullery and other functional rooms; a house built in this style.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > projecting subdivision > at rear

back-jamb1833

tunnel-back1957

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > house of specific shape or style

hall-house1467

longhouse1643

bungalow1676

single housea1684

tower-house1687

villa1755

box1773

cottage orné1774

villarette1792

mews1805

cottage1808

terrace house1817

casita1822

villa dwelling1833

villa residence1833

box-house1846

six-roomer1853

terrace1854

tembe1860

moat house1871

parlour house1871

row house1871

salt-box1876

trullo1898

townhouse1900

colonial1903

semi1912

Cape Cod1916

bungaloid1927

semi-detached1928

ranchette1938

solar house1946

rambler1947

rancher1950

ranch1951

tunnel-back1957

sidesplit1958

two-up-and-two-downer1958

two-up two-down1958

semi-det1960

A-frame1963

townhouse1965

tri-level1965

link house1968

split1970

dormer bungalow1977

1957 R. Hoggart Uses of Literacy i. 20 They have, almost city by city, their own recognizable styles of housing—back-to-backs here or tunnel-backs there.

1981 C. Dexter Dead of Jericho vi. 52 No tunnel-backs to the houses, and so the bicycles had to be left outside.

tunnel diode n. Electronics a two-terminal semiconductor device, consisting of a heavily doped p–n junction, which has negative resistance at low voltage due to quantum-mechanical tunnelling and is principally used as a high-speed switching device.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > semiconductor diode > [noun]

crystal rectifier1907

diode1919

varistor1937

photodiode1945

crystal diode1946

junction rectifier1951

junction diode1952

Zener diode1952

Zener1958

tunnel diode1959

light-emitting diode1962

Shockley diode1962

LED1968

Schottky diode1968

OLED1996

1959 Proc. IRE 47 1204/1 The tunnel diode has a very high admittance.

1982 J. E. Uffenbeck Introd. Electronics i. 24 This switching property of the tunnel diode makes it suitable for digital applications.

tunnel-disease n. a disease incident to workers in tunnels, mines, etc.; spec. (a) a form of anæmia caused by an intestinal parasite, the tunnel-worm n. ( Dochmius duodenalis or Ankylostoma duodenale); (b) = caisson disease n. at caisson n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of bowels or intestines > [noun] > infestation by parasites

wormc1000

vermes1728

invermination1808

helminthiasis1811

vermination1818

rishta1834

trichinosis1866

trichiniasis1867

filariasis1879

strongylosis1883

ankylostomiasis1887

tunnel-disease1887

ascariasis1888

taeniasis1896

hook-worm disease1902

Strongyloides1902

uncinariasis1902

tunnel-sickness1903

amœbiasis1905

redwater1906

schistosomiasis1906

paragonimiasis1907

strongyloidiasis1907

strongyloidosis1907

trichinelliasis1907

loaiasis1913

onchocercosis1918

trichuriasis1921

loa loa1923

hydatidosis1925

sparganosis1928

trichinellosis1958

1887 19th Cent. Aug. 149 Italians who died from cholera in digging the Suez Canal, or from ‘tunnel-disease’ in the St. Gothard Tunnel.

1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. xxxvi. 537 In Europe it [i.e. ankylostomiasis] is sometimes known as ‘miner's anæmia’ or ‘tunnel disease’,..in allusion to the notorious Saint Gothard epidemic.

† tunnel dish n. Obsolete ? a funnel (= sense 3; cf. tundish n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > brewers' utensils

mash-rule1388

strum1394

tunning dish14..

rudder1410

graner1413

mashel1440

mash rudder1454

pig's foot1467

mask rudder1588

tunnel dish1610

paddle-staff1682

mash1688

mashing staff1688

mash-staff1688

oar1735

mashing-stick1741

porcupine1748

thrum1828

rouser1830

tun-pail1833

mashing oar1836

racker1843

attemperator1854

sparger1858

zymoscope1868

nurse1880

parachute1885

pitching machine1940

sparge arm1947

mash-stick1953

mash oar1974

1610 Althorp MS. in J. N. Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. p. vii Itm tunnell dishes.

tunnel effect n. Physics = tunnelling n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > [noun] > penetration of barrier

tunnel effect1932

tunnelling1970

1932 J. Frenkel Wave Mech. iii. 111 (heading) Transition through a potential energy mountain (tunnel effect).

1974 G. Reece tr. F. Hund Hist. Quantum Theory xiv. 187 A barrier is not completely impenetrable. In fact it allows..the ‘tunnel effect’.

tunnel-head n. (a) the top of a shaft- or blast furnace; (b) the point to which the construction of a tunnel has progressed.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > shaft > end of

tunnel-head1843

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > other parts of furnaces

sump1673

stoking-hole1683

stoking-place1744

mid-feather1748

bottoming hole1815

trunnel-head1819

keystone1821

vault1825

well1825

nose-hole1832

fore-stone1839

nose1839

tongs-carriage1839

tunnel-head1843

glory-hole1849

1843 H. Martineau Hill & Valley (new ed.) 79 They saw the filler at the tunnel-head pouring in at the doors the materials that were furnished by the kilns.

1905 Daily News 24 Feb. 6 In the St. Gothard Tunnel there was much disease due to the imperfect sanitation and ventilation at the tunnel-head.

tunnel-hole n. ‘the throat of a blast-furnace’ ( Cent. Dict. 1891).

tunnel-kiln n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > lime-kilns

lime-kiln1296

lime-pot1596

pot kiln1599

flame-kiln1808

tunnel-kiln1828

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Tunnel-kiln, a lime-kiln in which coal is burnt, as distinguished from a flame-kiln, in which wood or peat is used.

1901 Notes Building Constr. (ed. 5) III. iii. 193 Tunnel kilns, called also Continuous, ‘Running’, ‘Perpetual’, or ‘Draw-Kilns’.

1961 M. Kelly Spoilt Kill i. 11 We have gas-fired tunnel kilns now... There's very little coal firing left in the [pottery] industry.

tunnel-man n. a workman employed in making a tunnel.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who makes tunnels

tunnel-workman1843

tunneller1860

tunnel-borer1877

tunnel-man1897

tunnel-worker1903

rock-hog1909

1897 Daily News 25 Sept. 7/1 Average daily wages earned.., tunnel-men, 9s. 10d.

tunnel-net n. = sense 1; also a similar net for fishing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > fowling equipment > [noun] > net

plover net1404

tunnelc1440

setter1526

trammel1530

bird net1533

day net1576

road net1581

sparrow-net1621

shaw-net1648

trammel-net1648

spreadnet1661

pocket-hay1704

bramble-net1706

clap-net1708

tunnel-net1721

funnel-net1774

bow-net1875

flight net1889

house trap1903

pouting-net1905

1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 131 The Figure of a Tunnel-Net, disposed for catching all kind of Flies that come into it.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Tunnel-net, a net with a wide mouth at one end and narrow at the other.

1840 D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports vii. iv. §2623 By tunnelling them [partridges], that is, by taking them in what is called a tunnel net.

1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads (1884) xxii. 165 The ‘tunnel net’..is a bow-net 8 or 10 feet long, the extreme end of which is stretched out and tied to a stake.

tunnel of love n. a fairground amusement involving a train- or boat-ride through a darkened tunnel, intended for courting couples.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > place of amusement or entertainment > fairground or amusement park > [noun] > fairground ride > other rides

wiggle-waggle1825

helter-skelter lighthouse1906

cakewalk1908

flip-flap1908

ghost train1931

tunnel of love1954

log flume1963

razzle1969

flume1978

1954 New Yorker 8 May 100/2 ‘And the lights!.. There are thirty-eight hundred on that ride alone. Why, even the World's Fair in its heyday—’ he cried, and then for a moment, words failed him. ‘And yet it's only a Tunnel of Love!’

1968 Michelin Guide N.Y. City 124 Coney Island..scenic railways, loop-the-loops and Ferris wheels compete with phantom trains, tunnels of love, sputniks.

1976 ‘W. Trevor’ Children of Dynmouth i. 13 The Hall of a Million Mirrors and the Tunnel of Love and Alfonso's and Annabella's Wall of Death were in the process of erection.

tunnel-pit n. a shaft sunk to the level of a tunnel.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > shaft > sunk to level of tunnel

tunnel-pit1828

tunnel-shaft1858

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Tunnel-pit, a shaft sunk from the top of the ground to the level of an intended tunnel, for drawing up the earth and stones.

tunnel-shaft n. = tunnel-pit n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > shaft > sunk to level of tunnel

tunnel-pit1828

tunnel-shaft1858

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Tunnel-shaft.

tunnel-sickness n. = tunnel-disease n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of bowels or intestines > [noun] > infestation by parasites

wormc1000

vermes1728

invermination1808

helminthiasis1811

vermination1818

rishta1834

trichinosis1866

trichiniasis1867

filariasis1879

strongylosis1883

ankylostomiasis1887

tunnel-disease1887

ascariasis1888

taeniasis1896

hook-worm disease1902

Strongyloides1902

uncinariasis1902

tunnel-sickness1903

amœbiasis1905

redwater1906

schistosomiasis1906

paragonimiasis1907

strongyloidiasis1907

strongyloidosis1907

trichinelliasis1907

loaiasis1913

onchocercosis1918

trichuriasis1921

loa loa1923

hydatidosis1925

sparganosis1928

trichinellosis1958

1903 Strand Mag. July 98/2 Hundreds..had perished in the darkness and heat of the terrible ‘tunnel sickness’.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

tunnel-vault n. = barrel-vault n. at barrel n. Compounds 2.

tunnel vision n. a condition in which there is a major loss of peripheral vision; also, one in which anything away from the centre of one's field of view escapes attention; also figurative, inability to see more than a single or limited point of view.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > narrow-mindedness > [noun]

narrow-mindedness1646

parvanimitya1691

narrowness1697

narrow-spiritedness1709

little-mindedness1767

narrow-mindeda1774

contraction1775

illiberality1775

smallness1813

illiberalism1839

narrow-heartedness1850

single-track mind1919

tunnel vision1949

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > limited visual field

hemiopia1811

scotoma1821

concentric contraction1858

hemianopia1882

hemianopsia1883

field defect1884

quadrantanopia1909

quadrantanopsia1910

macular sparing1940

tunnel vision1949

1949 Snygg & Combs Individ. Behav. vi. 110 It has often been observed that in emotional experiences there exists a very high degree of attention sometimes referred to as ‘tunnel vision’.

1949 Snygg & Combs Individ. Behav. vii. 125 This narrowing of the field is particularly likely to occur when the individual feels he is threatened. The effect has sometimes been called ‘tunnel vision’.

1962 Times 3 Apr. 17/2 One of the dangers of ‘tunnel vision’ in driving was brought home to a motorist who recently took the test of the Institute of Advanced Motorists.

1967 Freedomways 7 137 The confused black college graduate, thrust out into a hostile racist society and handicapped by tunnel vision and a self-negating perspective.

1968 New Scientist 29 Aug. 449/3 The alternative theory, that of ‘Tunnel Vision’. The idea here is that a high level of arousal causes the brain to select very narrowly from among the signals reaching the eyes.

1979 Daily Tel. 7 Apr. 3/2 He was now registered as blind. He had tunnel vision, but even this was imperfect... There was some brain damage.

1980 T. Barling Goodbye Piccadilly viii. 169 Prebble had the ghetto mind and the tunnel-vision of a committed social climber.

1985 Observer 10 Mar. 5/1 Only someone with Tony Benn's tunnel vision could see the strike as ‘a turning point in the battle against monetarism’.

tunnel-visioned adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > narrow-mindedness > [adjective]

narrowed1599

narrow-minded1611

narrow1612

small1619

narrow1622

tub-brained1634

narrow-souled1641

narrow-spirited1645

narrow-compassed1647

illiberal1649

cat-witted1672

stingy1694

little-minded1707

straitened1712

unenlarged1741

contracted1765

one-eyed1779

unliberalized1793

nippit1808

small-minded1811

narrow-brained1835

narrow visioned1853

thin-minded1862

narrow-gauge1872

one-track1900

narrow-gutted1903

tunnel-visioned1968

1968 J. Lock Lady Policeman vi. 50 What happened to the juvenile after the Court's decision was not really in our province but we would have been tunnel-visioned indeed if we had never felt any concern.

tunnel-weaver n. a spider that weaves a tunnel-like underground web.

tunnel-worm n. the parasitic nematode worm (see tunnel-disease n.) which causes tunnel-anæmia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Nemathelminthes > [noun] > class Nematoda > member of

roundworm1837

nematode1856

nematoid1865

bloodworm1872

heartworm1877

rhabdonema1886

palisade worm1888

kidney worm1893

tunnel-worm1895

nema1917

rhabditoid1937

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Tunnel-worm, an anchylostome.

1906 Scott. Rev. 29 Mar. 338/1 Acute anæmia due to the bite of the so-called tunnel-worm.

Derivatives

ˈtunnelism n. the theory or practice of tunnelling.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > making tunnels > theory or practice of

tunnelism1799

1799 C. Clarke Observ. Tunnel Thames 23 (note) A complete system of Tunnellism.

ˈtunnelist n. one who constructs a tunnel (in quot. 1871 transferred a burrowing animal).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by habitat > [noun] > terrestrial animal > on or under the ground > that burrows

digger1585

minerc1614

tunnelist1799

burrower1854

fossorial1855

tunneller1860

fodient1879

1799 C. Clarke Observ. Tunnel Thames 14 The Tunnelist and his Friends.

1871 A. Stewart Nether Lochaber (1883) xxiii. 138 The velvet coated tunnelists live on worms and insect larvae.

ˈtunnellite n. one in favour of a proposed submarine tunnel between England and France.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > underground passage or tunnel > under the English Channel > one in favour of

tunnellite1882

Chunneller1962

1882 Sat. Rev. 4 Mar. 261/1 The Tunnellites..can say nothing but that their opponents are panic-mongers.

ˈtunnelly adj. resembling a tunnel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > of hollow cylindrical form

cannulate?a1425

fistulose?1440

pipedc1520

pipe-like1600

fistulous1601

tubulous1664

tubulary1673

tubular1682

cannulated1684

cannular1698

tubulated1713

tunnelled1713

tubulose1714

pipy1724

tubal1735

tubiform1745

tubulate1753

tube-shaped1760

tubuliform1794

fistuliform1805

tubular-shaped1815

tubed1816

canaliform1826

tunnel-shaped1826

tube-like1849

tunnelly1874

tunnel-like1880

tubar1887

1874 M. E. Herbert tr. J. A. von Hübner Ramble round World (1878) i. xi. 169 Having passed through the tunnelly trunk of one of these trees and the interior of the other [Big Trees of Mariposa].

Draft additions 1993

A tunnel-shaped greenhouse or cloche, usually made of polythene. Frequently attributive and in other combinations. Cf. tunnel house n. at Additions below.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > translucent plant cover

cloche1954

tunnel1967

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [adjective] > greenhouse

tunnel1967

1967 Grower 1 July 5/2 (caption) One new idea, bubble tunnels, is being tried on a small scale... Temperatures in the unheated tunnel have ranged from over 100 deg. F. down to 28 deg. F.

1972 Times 29 July 11/6 We have just started to use our first ‘tunnel’ type plastic house.

1974 Country Life 21 Feb. 379/2 Tunnel cloches are arched over the rows.

1986 Farmers Weekly 3 Jan. 16 (caption) The 200ha..down to tunnel-grown strawberries in the region had declined to 60ha.

Draft additions 1993

tunnel house n. a tunnel-shaped greenhouse; cf. sense 4 above.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > greenhouse or glass-house

glasshousea1633

greenhouse1664

house1726

winter garden1736

plant house1800

serre1819

glass1838

tunnel house1973

1973 Grower 7 July 18 (advt.) Before you order a new tunnel house, or re-cover an existing one, put ‘Duraphane’ under your microscope.

1987 Queensland Country Life 22 Jan. 7/1 (advt.) Tunnel houses... Designed for side or central aisles.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	tunnel
释义	tunneln. Brit. /ˈtʌnl/, U.S. /ˈtən(ə)l/ Forms: Middle English–1600s tonel, 1500s tonell, 1500s–1600s tonnel, tonnell, tunell, 1500s–1700s tunnell, (1600s tunill), 1500s– tunnel; see also tonnel n. Etymology: < Old French tonel (masculine), in modern French tonneau tun, cask, and the feminine derivative tonnelle , to which the early English in sense 1 corresponds. The sense of ‘tube, pipe, opening’ and its extensions are of English development, and for that of ‘subterranean passage’ tunnel has been adopted in modern French (in Dict. Acad. 1878) from English. 1. a. A net for catching partridges or waterfowl, having a pipe-like passage with a wide opening, and narrowing towards the end; a tunnel-net. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > fowling equipment > [noun] > net plover net1404 tunnelc1440 setter1526 trammel1530 bird net1533 day net1576 road net1581 sparrow-net1621 shaw-net1648 trammel-net1648 spreadnet1661 pocket-hay1704 bramble-net1706 clap-net1708 tunnel-net1721 funnel-net1774 bow-net1875 flight net1889 house trap1903 pouting-net1905 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 496/2 Tonel, to take byrdys, obvolutorium. 1538 in York Wills (1902) VI. 85 To Brian Lelome all my partrike nettes called a tonnell. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. lxxi. 901 To take partridges with the tonnell or tombrell, there must a man be placed behind a cow, or a horse of wood or of osier painted in..the fashions of a cow or a horse. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Tonnelle, a Tunnell, or staulking horse for Partridges. 1710 Act 9 Anne c. 27 §5 The pernicious Practice of driving and taking [Wild Fowl] with Hayes Tunnells and other Nets in the Fens. 1822 Sporting Mag. 9 177 A tunnel..(a net used in taking game). b. ‘The funnel-shaped conductor leading from the heart to the pound in a pound-net’ (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 1884). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > pound net > part of pot1865 tunnel1873 1873 Rep. U.S. Fish Commission i. 264 The pound-nets..have several parts, termed the ‘leader’, the ‘heart’, the ‘pot’, ‘bowl’, or ‘crib’, and the ‘tunnel’. †2. a. The shaft or flue of a chimney. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > chimney > flue or shaft tewelc1384 shaftc1450 tunnel1508 shankc1525 chimney-shank1552 flue1582 gullet1672 funnel1688 fire tube1729 vent1756 stalk1821 chimney neck1833 stovepipe1858 1508 J. Stanbridge Vulgaria (W. de W.) A vj b Infumibulum, the tonell [printed towell] of the chymnaye. 1510 J. Stanbridge Vocabula (W. de W.) B ij b Infunibulum, a tunnell of a chymney. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 282/1 Tonnell [283/2 Tunnell] of a chymney, tuyau. 1595 in Archaeologia (1913) 64 374 Opening y^e tunnel in y^e low bakt mete house. 1680 J. Aubrey Brief Lives: Bacon (1898) I. 78 The tunnells of the chimneys were carried into the middle of the howse. c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 4 The Chimney is just under the window and the Tunnells runnes upon each side. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. v. 109 The fire..roared, blazed, and ascended, half in smoke, half in flame, up a huge tunnel, with an opening wide enough to accomodate a stone-seat within its ample vault. †b. A pipe or tube in general. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [noun] > quality of being hollow cylinder > hollow cylinder or tube pipeOE channela1387 cannela1400 canal?a1425 trump?1440 tunnel1545 clyster1578 cannon1588 bugle1615 tube1658 1545 T. Raynald & R. Jonas in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde iv. sig. Y.iv Let the woman set her selfe..on a couar made for the nonce w^t a tunnel or cundyte. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvii. xxi. 528 Let them passe..through..an earthen pipe or tunnell. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 248 It [the island Volcano] had three tunnels whereat it evaporated fire. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 3 By and with them [miracles] as by Tunnels, the influence, power and authority of truth might enter and prevaile. 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. Tunnelled, term applied to sounds or other instruments having a short tube or tunnel, through which a fine bougie..passes. †c. figurative. plural. Applied to the nostrils (as a passage for tobacco-smoke). Obsolete humorous nonce-use. ΚΠ 1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) i. iv, in Wks. I. 15 He dos take this same filthy roguish tabacco,..it would doe a man good to see the fume come forth at 's tonnells! 3. A funnel. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > funnel tunner1337 tunder1343 tundish1388 funnel1402 tunnela1529 fundible1579 funible1654 infundible1657 filler1782 a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 403 Another..brought a pottel pycher, A tonnel, and a bottell. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 282/1 Tonnell to fyll wyne with, antonnoyr. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxx. vi. 381 Given in drink and swallowed downe by a pipe or tunill. 1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) lxxxix. 157 Be careful that..it fit thy Funnel or Tunnel. 1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth III. 251 For the Bottle you cannot well fill it, Without a Tunnel. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xv. 286 Cocks, pipes, tunnels, for transferring the cyder from one vessel to another. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Tunnel, s. a funnel,..in constant use. 1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. (MS.) Pour the wine thro the tunnel into the bottle. 4. a. A subterranean passage; a road-way excavated under ground, esp. under a hill or mountain, or beneath the bed of a river: now most commonly on a railway; also in earliest use on a canal, in a mine, etc. (The chief current sense.) ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > underground passage or tunnel crypt1583 burrow1615 gallery1630 syrinx1678 rock hole1738 cellarwaya1762 tunnel1765 heading1811 subpassage1822 subway1822 subway1831 underpass1904 1765 T. Lowndes Let. 1 July in Hist. Inland Navigations (1766) i. 41 Mr. Brindley..is driving a large tunnel through the center of this hill. 1782 T. Pennant Journey Chester to London 52 The most southern tunnel, as it is called, is at Hermitage. 1790 Jane Snow in A. C. Bower's Diaries & Corr. (1903) 105 We went through what they call a Tunnel—a passage through the Earth for the convenience of carrying Coals by Water: it is two miles and a half long, fifteen feet wide, the same high. 1792 A. Young Trav. France 366 At Orgon the canal de Boisgelin..is a noble work, but unfinished; it passes here in a tunnel four hundred and forty yards through a mountain. 1792 J. Phillips Gen. Hist. Inland Navigation xiv. 363 The celebrated tunnel through Harecastle-hill, Staffordshire, was cut under the direction of..Mr. Brindley [in 1766]. 1798 Monthly Mag. July 74 A cylindrical tunnel under the Thames from Gravesend to Tilbury. 1861 Sat. Rev. 23 Nov. 540 The projectors of a tunnel thirty miles long under the Channel. 1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 15 The vein has been attacked by various tunnels and shafts. b. An arched drain. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > covered wholve1395 whelmc1576 turf-drain1805 barrel-drain1823 tunnel1828 turf-draining1831 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Tunnel, an arched drain. c. A working-hole in the wall of a glass-furnace. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > glass-making furnaces > openings working hole1735 bocca1799 boccarella1799 tunnel1839 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 587 Two principal openings of the furnace... These are called tunnels. They are destined for the introduction of the pots and the fuel. d. transferred. The burrow of an animal. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habitat > habitat > [noun] > dwelling place or shelter > burrow holec950 burrowa1375 dowera1398 earthc1450 anglec1720 pipe1738 tunnel1873 pig-hole1928 1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab vii. 124 The burrows of the mole-rat, which does duty, in the making of runs and molehills, for the common mole, but excavates much larger tunnels. 1886 J. Burroughs Signs & Seasons (1895) 179 Through the tunnel of the meadow mouse the water rushes as through a pipe. e. A canal in an animal body resembling a tunnel, as that of the organ of Corti in the internal ear. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [noun] > tube or pipe > serving as canal siphon1826 tunnel1882 1882 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Corti, organ of, a papillary-looking structure, stretching along the whole length of the canalis cochlearis... It is a sort of tunnel, composed of closely lying arches, the arches of Corti. 1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. xxxiv. 525 The septa between the tunnels may break down and a considerable cavity be thus produced. f. Applied figuratively to a prolonged period of difficulty, suffering, etc. Frequently in light at the end of the tunnel and the like: a long-awaited sign that a period of hardship or adversity is nearing an end. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > time of > prolonged Way of the Cross?1504 siege1840 tunnel1879 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > promise, ground of hope > [noun] > sign inspiring hope light at the end of the tunnel1922 1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 7 July (1956) VII. 178 Though I am getting out of the tunnel into daylight, this renewal of weakness..makes it seem as if we should be wiser to defer the visit. 1899 H. James Awkward Age x. xxxvii. 437 We've worked through the dark tunnel of artificial reserves. 1922 J. M. Murry Let. in A. Alpers Life K. Mansfield (1980) xx. 359 I begin to feel that the horror may move away and that there is a big round spot of real daylight at the end of the tunnel. 1943 J. B. Priestley Daylight on Sat. xxxv. 283 The work..seemed to him a long way off,..seen at the end of a tunnel. It had retreated from him. 1971 Guardian 6 Sept. 2/5 The world has reached a crucial point in its drive to reduce illiteracy, UNESCO reports today. There is now ‘light at the end of the tunnel’. 1975 Ld. Robbins Against Inflation (1979) xviii. 89 I confess I do not understand the suggestion..that there is any strong light at the end of the tunnel, the way we are going now. g. Aeronautics. A wind tunnel (wind n.¹ Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > aerodynamics > wind tunnels air tunnel1805 tunnel1911 wind tunnel1911 wind-channel1918 smoke tunnel1931 spinning tunnel1934 hotshot1957 1911 A. P. Thurston Elem. Aeronautics viii. 84 The wind tunnel consists of a tube, passage or tunnel, through which air may be forced or drawn by means of rotating fans, steam jets, or the like. The tunnel may be vertical or horizontal. Sir Hiram Maxim used a horizontal tunnel... Dr Stanton used a wind tunnel..in which the current was vertical and downwards. 1930 Nayler & Ower Aviation To-day 116 Essentially, the tunnel consists of a large tube..along which the air is drawn by means of a motor driving a fan. 1972 Nature 18 Aug. 379/2 A low density tunnel for simulating supersonic and hypersonic flight at altitudes of 20 to 70 miles. h. Sport. A subway or covered passage by which players pass to or from the field of play. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > place for sports or games > [noun] > covered passage tunnel1950 1950 Sport 24 Mar. 3/3 He..made for the tunnel under the impression that the game was over. 1976 S. Wales Echo 22 Nov. He..threw it towards the players' tunnel where the police were escorting the referee. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. tunnel-borer n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who makes tunnels tunnel-workman1843 tunneller1860 tunnel-borer1877 tunnel-man1897 tunnel-worker1903 rock-hog1909 1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Tunnel-borer, a ram, operated by compressed air, for making excavations through rock. 1890 J. Cagney tr. R. von Jaksch Clin. Diagnosis vi. 151 Where a severe form of anæmia occurs in labourers..especially..brick-burners, miners, and tunnel-borers. tunnel-boring n. ΚΠ 1909 Westm. Gaz. 29 Dec. 5/4 No Swiss are employed..because they have enough other work and do not care particularly for such employment as tunnel-boring. tunnel claim n. ΚΠ 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 123 Rich placer-mines formerly existed in many of the gulches, and several tunnel-claims in the gravel-hills gave excellent profits. tunnel darkness n. ΚΠ 1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 253 Without God all things are in tunnel darkness. tunnel-drain n. ΚΠ 1840 F. Marryat Olla Podrida III. 317 A long tunnel drain. tunnel excavation n. ΚΠ 1882 Rep. Precious Metals (U.S. Bureau of Mint) 638 Tunnel-running is expensive, and where the depth..is not supposed to exceed 150 feet, a vertical prospect shaft is often sunk. tunnel hut n. ΚΠ 1889 H. Drummond Trop. Afr. (ed. 2) vi. 133 As the Esquimaux heap up snow, building it into the low tunnel-huts in which they live. tunnel-maker n. ΚΠ 1894 S. Smiles J. Wedgwood x. 95 He had known him as a..tunnel-maker. tunnel-making n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > making tunnels tunnelling1811 tunnel-making1910 1910 W. James in McClure's Mag. Aug. 467/2 To coal and iron mines,..to road-building and tunnel-making,..would our gilded youths be drafted off. 1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring i. i. 31 I know of no tunnel-making. tunnel mining n. ΚΠ 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 125 The scenes of extensive tunnel-mining. tunnel-mouth n. ΚΠ 1908 Daily Chron. 19 Aug. 1/7 Turning his head towards the tunnel-mouth. tunnel-passage n. ΚΠ 1908 H. H. Johnston G. Grenfell & Congo II. xxvi. 746 The tunnel-passage goes straight to the river. tunnel pipe n. ΚΠ 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xx. 232 The Tunell pipe by which the water may be poured in. tunnel skirt n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for lower body > skirt > types of > close-fitting tunnel skirt1870 sheath1904 hobble1911 slit skirt1913 tube skirt1948 1870 A. D. T. Whitney We Girls ix. 154 Gathers and gores, tunnel-skirts, and barrel-skirts and paniers. tunnel-way n. ΚΠ 1883 Cent. Mag. Oct. 823/2 A tunnel-way for passengers connects the whole. tunnel-worker n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who makes tunnels tunnel-workman1843 tunneller1860 tunnel-borer1877 tunnel-man1897 tunnel-worker1903 rock-hog1909 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker in specific place > [noun] > in other specific places trainman1838 street man1851 towerman1895 tunnel-worker1903 1903 Cent. Mag. Nov. 43/1 The tunnel workers, or ‘Sand Hogs’, enter the lower chambers of the shield. 1911 Daily News 1 Apr. 4 All tunnel-workers in Switzerland being of this nationality [Italian]. tunnel-workman n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who makes tunnels tunnel-workman1843 tunneller1860 tunnel-borer1877 tunnel-man1897 tunnel-worker1903 rock-hog1909 1843 H. Martineau Hill & Valley (new ed.) 36 The tunnel-workmen were..going to dinner. b. tunnel-like adj. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [adjective] > like a tunnel tunnel-like1880 the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > of hollow cylindrical form cannulate?a1425 fistulose?1440 pipedc1520 pipe-like1600 fistulous1601 tubulous1664 tubulary1673 tubular1682 cannulated1684 cannular1698 tubulated1713 tunnelled1713 tubulose1714 pipy1724 tubal1735 tubiform1745 tubulate1753 tube-shaped1760 tubuliform1794 fistuliform1805 tubular-shaped1815 tubed1816 canaliform1826 tunnel-shaped1826 tube-like1849 tunnelly1874 tunnel-like1880 tubar1887 1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xlvi. 530 One of the shows of the place was a tunnel-like cavern, which had been hewn in the glacier. 1885 Fortnight in Waggonette 51 I know no part of our complex system that requires more constant and careful attention than the tunnel-like way to the machinery within us. tunnel-shaped adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > of hollow cylindrical form cannulate?a1425 fistulose?1440 pipedc1520 pipe-like1600 fistulous1601 tubulous1664 tubulary1673 tubular1682 cannulated1684 cannular1698 tubulated1713 tunnelled1713 tubulose1714 pipy1724 tubal1735 tubiform1745 tubulate1753 tube-shaped1760 tubuliform1794 fistuliform1805 tubular-shaped1815 tubed1816 canaliform1826 tunnel-shaped1826 tube-like1849 tunnelly1874 tunnel-like1880 tubar1887 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxx. 147 When retracted, they form a tunnel-shaped cavity, varying in depth. C2. tunnel-anaemia n. = tunnel-disease n. (a) (Dorland Med. Dict. 1900–13). ΚΠ 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 190 A tunnel drive at the Dutchman Mine, to reach the ledge about 225 feet below the outcrop. tunnel-back n. local the rear extension of a house, containing the scullery and other functional rooms; a house built in this style. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > projecting subdivision > at rear back-jamb1833 tunnel-back1957 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > house of specific shape or style hall-house1467 longhouse1643 bungalow1676 single housea1684 tower-house1687 villa1755 box1773 cottage orné1774 villarette1792 mews1805 cottage1808 terrace house1817 casita1822 villa dwelling1833 villa residence1833 box-house1846 six-roomer1853 terrace1854 tembe1860 moat house1871 parlour house1871 row house1871 salt-box1876 trullo1898 townhouse1900 colonial1903 semi1912 Cape Cod1916 bungaloid1927 semi-detached1928 ranchette1938 solar house1946 rambler1947 rancher1950 ranch1951 tunnel-back1957 sidesplit1958 two-up-and-two-downer1958 two-up two-down1958 semi-det1960 A-frame1963 townhouse1965 tri-level1965 link house1968 split1970 dormer bungalow1977 1957 R. Hoggart Uses of Literacy i. 20 They have, almost city by city, their own recognizable styles of housing—back-to-backs here or tunnel-backs there. 1981 C. Dexter Dead of Jericho vi. 52 No tunnel-backs to the houses, and so the bicycles had to be left outside. tunnel diode n. Electronics a two-terminal semiconductor device, consisting of a heavily doped p–n junction, which has negative resistance at low voltage due to quantum-mechanical tunnelling and is principally used as a high-speed switching device. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > semiconductor diode > [noun] crystal rectifier1907 diode1919 varistor1937 photodiode1945 crystal diode1946 junction rectifier1951 junction diode1952 Zener diode1952 Zener1958 tunnel diode1959 light-emitting diode1962 Shockley diode1962 LED1968 Schottky diode1968 OLED1996 1959 Proc. IRE 47 1204/1 The tunnel diode has a very high admittance. 1982 J. E. Uffenbeck Introd. Electronics i. 24 This switching property of the tunnel diode makes it suitable for digital applications. tunnel-disease n. a disease incident to workers in tunnels, mines, etc.; spec. (a) a form of anæmia caused by an intestinal parasite, the tunnel-worm n. ( Dochmius duodenalis or Ankylostoma duodenale); (b) = caisson disease n. at caisson n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of bowels or intestines > [noun] > infestation by parasites wormc1000 vermes1728 invermination1808 helminthiasis1811 vermination1818 rishta1834 trichinosis1866 trichiniasis1867 filariasis1879 strongylosis1883 ankylostomiasis1887 tunnel-disease1887 ascariasis1888 taeniasis1896 hook-worm disease1902 Strongyloides1902 uncinariasis1902 tunnel-sickness1903 amœbiasis1905 redwater1906 schistosomiasis1906 paragonimiasis1907 strongyloidiasis1907 strongyloidosis1907 trichinelliasis1907 loaiasis1913 onchocercosis1918 trichuriasis1921 loa loa1923 hydatidosis1925 sparganosis1928 trichinellosis1958 1887 19th Cent. Aug. 149 Italians who died from cholera in digging the Suez Canal, or from ‘tunnel-disease’ in the St. Gothard Tunnel. 1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. xxxvi. 537 In Europe it [i.e. ankylostomiasis] is sometimes known as ‘miner's anæmia’ or ‘tunnel disease’,..in allusion to the notorious Saint Gothard epidemic. † tunnel dish n. Obsolete ? a funnel (= sense 3; cf. tundish n.). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > brewers' utensils mash-rule1388 strum1394 tunning dish14.. rudder1410 graner1413 mashel1440 mash rudder1454 pig's foot1467 mask rudder1588 tunnel dish1610 paddle-staff1682 mash1688 mashing staff1688 mash-staff1688 oar1735 mashing-stick1741 porcupine1748 thrum1828 rouser1830 tun-pail1833 mashing oar1836 racker1843 attemperator1854 sparger1858 zymoscope1868 nurse1880 parachute1885 pitching machine1940 sparge arm1947 mash-stick1953 mash oar1974 1610 Althorp MS. in J. N. Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. p. vii Itm tunnell dishes. tunnel effect n. Physics = tunnelling n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > [noun] > penetration of barrier tunnel effect1932 tunnelling1970 1932 J. Frenkel Wave Mech. iii. 111 (heading) Transition through a potential energy mountain (tunnel effect). 1974 G. Reece tr. F. Hund Hist. Quantum Theory xiv. 187 A barrier is not completely impenetrable. In fact it allows..the ‘tunnel effect’. tunnel-head n. (a) the top of a shaft- or blast furnace; (b) the point to which the construction of a tunnel has progressed. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > shaft > end of tunnel-head1843 society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > other parts of furnaces sump1673 stoking-hole1683 stoking-place1744 mid-feather1748 bottoming hole1815 trunnel-head1819 keystone1821 vault1825 well1825 nose-hole1832 fore-stone1839 nose1839 tongs-carriage1839 tunnel-head1843 glory-hole1849 1843 H. Martineau Hill & Valley (new ed.) 79 They saw the filler at the tunnel-head pouring in at the doors the materials that were furnished by the kilns. 1905 Daily News 24 Feb. 6 In the St. Gothard Tunnel there was much disease due to the imperfect sanitation and ventilation at the tunnel-head. tunnel-hole n. ‘the throat of a blast-furnace’ ( Cent. Dict. 1891). tunnel-kiln n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > lime-kilns lime-kiln1296 lime-pot1596 pot kiln1599 flame-kiln1808 tunnel-kiln1828 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Tunnel-kiln, a lime-kiln in which coal is burnt, as distinguished from a flame-kiln, in which wood or peat is used. 1901 Notes Building Constr. (ed. 5) III. iii. 193 Tunnel kilns, called also Continuous, ‘Running’, ‘Perpetual’, or ‘Draw-Kilns’. 1961 M. Kelly Spoilt Kill i. 11 We have gas-fired tunnel kilns now... There's very little coal firing left in the [pottery] industry. tunnel-man n. a workman employed in making a tunnel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who makes tunnels tunnel-workman1843 tunneller1860 tunnel-borer1877 tunnel-man1897 tunnel-worker1903 rock-hog1909 1897 Daily News 25 Sept. 7/1 Average daily wages earned.., tunnel-men, 9s. 10d. tunnel-net n. = sense 1; also a similar net for fishing. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > fowling equipment > [noun] > net plover net1404 tunnelc1440 setter1526 trammel1530 bird net1533 day net1576 road net1581 sparrow-net1621 shaw-net1648 trammel-net1648 spreadnet1661 pocket-hay1704 bramble-net1706 clap-net1708 tunnel-net1721 funnel-net1774 bow-net1875 flight net1889 house trap1903 pouting-net1905 1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 131 The Figure of a Tunnel-Net, disposed for catching all kind of Flies that come into it. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Tunnel-net, a net with a wide mouth at one end and narrow at the other. 1840 D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports vii. iv. §2623 By tunnelling them [partridges], that is, by taking them in what is called a tunnel net. 1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads (1884) xxii. 165 The ‘tunnel net’..is a bow-net 8 or 10 feet long, the extreme end of which is stretched out and tied to a stake. tunnel of love n. a fairground amusement involving a train- or boat-ride through a darkened tunnel, intended for courting couples. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > place of amusement or entertainment > fairground or amusement park > [noun] > fairground ride > other rides wiggle-waggle1825 helter-skelter lighthouse1906 cakewalk1908 flip-flap1908 ghost train1931 tunnel of love1954 log flume1963 razzle1969 flume1978 1954 New Yorker 8 May 100/2 ‘And the lights!.. There are thirty-eight hundred on that ride alone. Why, even the World's Fair in its heyday—’ he cried, and then for a moment, words failed him. ‘And yet it's only a Tunnel of Love!’ 1968 Michelin Guide N.Y. City 124 Coney Island..scenic railways, loop-the-loops and Ferris wheels compete with phantom trains, tunnels of love, sputniks. 1976 ‘W. Trevor’ Children of Dynmouth i. 13 The Hall of a Million Mirrors and the Tunnel of Love and Alfonso's and Annabella's Wall of Death were in the process of erection. tunnel-pit n. a shaft sunk to the level of a tunnel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > shaft > sunk to level of tunnel tunnel-pit1828 tunnel-shaft1858 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Tunnel-pit, a shaft sunk from the top of the ground to the level of an intended tunnel, for drawing up the earth and stones. tunnel-shaft n. = tunnel-pit n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > shaft > sunk to level of tunnel tunnel-pit1828 tunnel-shaft1858 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Tunnel-shaft. tunnel-sickness n. = tunnel-disease n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of bowels or intestines > [noun] > infestation by parasites wormc1000 vermes1728 invermination1808 helminthiasis1811 vermination1818 rishta1834 trichinosis1866 trichiniasis1867 filariasis1879 strongylosis1883 ankylostomiasis1887 tunnel-disease1887 ascariasis1888 taeniasis1896 hook-worm disease1902 Strongyloides1902 uncinariasis1902 tunnel-sickness1903 amœbiasis1905 redwater1906 schistosomiasis1906 paragonimiasis1907 strongyloidiasis1907 strongyloidosis1907 trichinelliasis1907 loaiasis1913 onchocercosis1918 trichuriasis1921 loa loa1923 hydatidosis1925 sparganosis1928 trichinellosis1958 1903 Strand Mag. July 98/2 Hundreds..had perished in the darkness and heat of the terrible ‘tunnel sickness’. Thesaurus » Categories » tunnel-vault n. = barrel-vault n. at barrel n. Compounds 2. tunnel vision n. a condition in which there is a major loss of peripheral vision; also, one in which anything away from the centre of one's field of view escapes attention; also figurative, inability to see more than a single or limited point of view. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > narrow-mindedness > [noun] narrow-mindedness1646 parvanimitya1691 narrowness1697 narrow-spiritedness1709 little-mindedness1767 narrow-mindeda1774 contraction1775 illiberality1775 smallness1813 illiberalism1839 narrow-heartedness1850 single-track mind1919 tunnel vision1949 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > limited visual field hemiopia1811 scotoma1821 concentric contraction1858 hemianopia1882 hemianopsia1883 field defect1884 quadrantanopia1909 quadrantanopsia1910 macular sparing1940 tunnel vision1949 1949 Snygg & Combs Individ. Behav. vi. 110 It has often been observed that in emotional experiences there exists a very high degree of attention sometimes referred to as ‘tunnel vision’. 1949 Snygg & Combs Individ. Behav. vii. 125 This narrowing of the field is particularly likely to occur when the individual feels he is threatened. The effect has sometimes been called ‘tunnel vision’. 1962 Times 3 Apr. 17/2 One of the dangers of ‘tunnel vision’ in driving was brought home to a motorist who recently took the test of the Institute of Advanced Motorists. 1967 Freedomways 7 137 The confused black college graduate, thrust out into a hostile racist society and handicapped by tunnel vision and a self-negating perspective. 1968 New Scientist 29 Aug. 449/3 The alternative theory, that of ‘Tunnel Vision’. The idea here is that a high level of arousal causes the brain to select very narrowly from among the signals reaching the eyes. 1979 Daily Tel. 7 Apr. 3/2 He was now registered as blind. He had tunnel vision, but even this was imperfect... There was some brain damage. 1980 T. Barling Goodbye Piccadilly viii. 169 Prebble had the ghetto mind and the tunnel-vision of a committed social climber. 1985 Observer 10 Mar. 5/1 Only someone with Tony Benn's tunnel vision could see the strike as ‘a turning point in the battle against monetarism’. tunnel-visioned adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > narrow-mindedness > [adjective] narrowed1599 narrow-minded1611 narrow1612 small1619 narrow1622 tub-brained1634 narrow-souled1641 narrow-spirited1645 narrow-compassed1647 illiberal1649 cat-witted1672 stingy1694 little-minded1707 straitened1712 unenlarged1741 contracted1765 one-eyed1779 unliberalized1793 nippit1808 small-minded1811 narrow-brained1835 narrow visioned1853 thin-minded1862 narrow-gauge1872 one-track1900 narrow-gutted1903 tunnel-visioned1968 1968 J. Lock Lady Policeman vi. 50 What happened to the juvenile after the Court's decision was not really in our province but we would have been tunnel-visioned indeed if we had never felt any concern. tunnel-weaver n. a spider that weaves a tunnel-like underground web. tunnel-worm n. the parasitic nematode worm (see tunnel-disease n.) which causes tunnel-anæmia. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Nemathelminthes > [noun] > class Nematoda > member of roundworm1837 nematode1856 nematoid1865 bloodworm1872 heartworm1877 rhabdonema1886 palisade worm1888 kidney worm1893 tunnel-worm1895 nema1917 rhabditoid1937 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Tunnel-worm, an anchylostome. 1906 Scott. Rev. 29 Mar. 338/1 Acute anæmia due to the bite of the so-called tunnel-worm. Derivatives ˈtunnelism n. the theory or practice of tunnelling. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > making tunnels > theory or practice of tunnelism1799 1799 C. Clarke Observ. Tunnel Thames 23 (note) A complete system of Tunnellism. ˈtunnelist n. one who constructs a tunnel (in quot. 1871 transferred a burrowing animal). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habitat > [noun] > terrestrial animal > on or under the ground > that burrows digger1585 minerc1614 tunnelist1799 burrower1854 fossorial1855 tunneller1860 fodient1879 1799 C. Clarke Observ. Tunnel Thames 14 The Tunnelist and his Friends. 1871 A. Stewart Nether Lochaber (1883) xxiii. 138 The velvet coated tunnelists live on worms and insect larvae. ˈtunnellite n. one in favour of a proposed submarine tunnel between England and France. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > underground passage or tunnel > under the English Channel > one in favour of tunnellite1882 Chunneller1962 1882 Sat. Rev. 4 Mar. 261/1 The Tunnellites..can say nothing but that their opponents are panic-mongers. ˈtunnelly adj. resembling a tunnel. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [adjective] > of hollow cylindrical form cannulate?a1425 fistulose?1440 pipedc1520 pipe-like1600 fistulous1601 tubulous1664 tubulary1673 tubular1682 cannulated1684 cannular1698 tubulated1713 tunnelled1713 tubulose1714 pipy1724 tubal1735 tubiform1745 tubulate1753 tube-shaped1760 tubuliform1794 fistuliform1805 tubular-shaped1815 tubed1816 canaliform1826 tunnel-shaped1826 tube-like1849 tunnelly1874 tunnel-like1880 tubar1887 1874 M. E. Herbert tr. J. A. von Hübner Ramble round World (1878) i. xi. 169 Having passed through the tunnelly trunk of one of these trees and the interior of the other [Big Trees of Mariposa]. Draft additions 1993 A tunnel-shaped greenhouse or cloche, usually made of polythene. Frequently attributive and in other combinations. Cf. tunnel house n. at Additions below. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > translucent plant cover cloche1954 tunnel1967 the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [adjective] > greenhouse tunnel1967 1967 Grower 1 July 5/2 (caption) One new idea, bubble tunnels, is being tried on a small scale... Temperatures in the unheated tunnel have ranged from over 100 deg. F. down to 28 deg. F. 1972 Times 29 July 11/6 We have just started to use our first ‘tunnel’ type plastic house. 1974 Country Life 21 Feb. 379/2 Tunnel cloches are arched over the rows. 1986 Farmers Weekly 3 Jan. 16 (caption) The 200ha..down to tunnel-grown strawberries in the region had declined to 60ha. Draft additions 1993 tunnel house n. a tunnel-shaped greenhouse; cf. sense 4 above. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > greenhouse or glass-house glasshousea1633 greenhouse1664 house1726 winter garden1736 plant house1800 serre1819 glass1838 tunnel house1973 1973 Grower 7 July 18 (advt.) Before you order a new tunnel house, or re-cover an existing one, put ‘Duraphane’ under your microscope. 1987 Queensland Country Life 22 Jan. 7/1 (advt.) Tunnel houses... Designed for side or central aisles. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online June 2022). tunnelv. Brit. /ˈtʌnl/, U.S. /ˈtən(ə)l/ Etymology: < tunnel n. Compare French tonneler to net partridges. 1. †a. transitive ? To furnish with a tunnel-net, or a tubular passage resembling one. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > catch in net > furnish with tunnel-net tunnel1577 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 169^v The windowes must be so placed.., hauing a hole of sufficient wydenesse ouer agaynst them, well netted and tunnelled, in such sort, as the Pigions may easely flee out and in at. b. To catch (partridges) with a tunnel-net. Also absol. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > hunt birds [verb (transitive)] > catch birds > with snare or net tunnel1687 trammel1846 1687 [implied in: Royal Proclam. 30 July in London Gaz. No. 2267/1 That henceforward none presume,..to Kill or Destroy any Hare, Partridge [etc.] by Hunting, Hawking,..Tunnelling, Gins, or any way whatsoever. (at tunnelling n. 1)]. 1718 Free-thinker I. 358 A Poacher..has writ to a Friend to send him a Dozen of Second-hand Hoops into the Countrey, which by the Addition of a Cabbage-Net, will serve to Tunnel Partridges. 1840 D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports vii. iv. §2623 By tunnelling them [partridges], that is, by taking them in what is called a tunnel net. †2. To pour in through a funnel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)] > through a funnel tunnel1664 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. ii. 94 You may alter the height of the Mercurial Cylinder, as you do rudely or cautiously tunnel in the Quicksilver into the Tube. †3. a. To form into, or like, a tube or pipe. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > form cylinder [verb (transitive)] > form into tube intubate1612 fistulate1615 tunnel1713 tubulate1802 1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. xiii. 232 With what prodigious Subtilty do some foreign Birds..plat and weave the fibrous Parts of Vegetables together, and curiously tunnel them, and commodiously form them into Nests. 1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. xiii. 235 These little Houses look coarse, and shew no great Artifice outwardly; but are well tunnelled and made within with a hard tough Paste. †b. (In earlier use.) To line a shaft or pit with tubbing: see tub v. 2. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1686 [implied in: R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ii. 98 The Art of tunnelling much used in Cheshire to keep out the freshes. (at tunnelling n. 2b)]. 4. a. intransitive. To make a tunnel; to excavate a passage under ground, or through some body or substance. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (intransitive)] > make tunnel tunnel1795 the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > become or make perforated [verb (intransitive)] > make (a) hole(s) > through something borea1225 tunnel1897 1795 [implied in: J. Phillips Gen. Hist. Inland Navigation (rev. ed.) Add. 131 Another navigable cut.., principally tunneling, will shorten the line four miles. (at tunnelling n. 4)]. 1839 J. Sterling Ess. & Tales (1848) I. 322 As some great earth-monster, Johnson tunnels under ground, and heaves out rocks and tons of soil. 1887 Cent. Mag. Dec. 250/1 Then [I] began to tunnel into the huge bank of snow. 1889 Nature 11 Apr. 600/2 This had to be tunnelled through before an inch of progress could be made. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 418 Below, the abscess has..tunnelled along the psoas muscle. b. transitive. To excavate, as a tunnel; to make (one's way) by boring or excavating. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)] > form by hollowing out sink?a1425 to cut out1548 void?1578 cut1634 hollow1648 to work out1774 excavate1839 tunnel1856 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxi. 208 The stream, which tunnels its way out near the glacier-foot. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxix. 380 An expansion of the tunnelled entrance made an appendage of..two feet more. 1861 G. Wilson & A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes viii. 206 The caves and tunnelled caverns worn out by the Atlantic breakers. 1879 J. Grant in Cassell's Techn. Educator v. 286 A tunnelled staircase led to the roof. 1892 J. Tait Mind in Matter (ed. 3) 114 In tunnelling out a theory of thought-production, Mr. Spencer's light grows dim and expires. 1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. xxxiv. 525 In the latter [the brain] it [the distomum Ringesi] forms a sort of tunnelled tumour. c. To make a tunnel through; to perforate with or as with a tunnel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > make tunnel mine1555 ferret1582 hole1708 tunnel1865 the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)] > (as) with a tunnel tunnel1865 1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies i. 85 You have tunnelled the cliffs of Lucerne by Tell's chapel. 1910 Blackwood's Mag. Jan. 33/2 The cover warped and tunnelled by white ants. 1913 Times 6 Aug. 7/4 A more formidable rival to the plan of tunnelling the Channel is that of instituting a ferry service from Dover to Calais. d. intransitive. Physics. Of a subatomic particle: to pass through a potential barrier by tunnelling (tunnelling n. 3). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > [verb (intransitive)] > pass through barrier tunnel1938 1938 S. Dushman Elem. Quantum Mech. iii. 66 The probability that a particle coming up to the boundary at x= 0 shall ‘tunnel’ through the barrier. 1966 D. G. Brandon Mod. Techniques Metallogr. iv. 181 Electrons may be able to ‘tunnel’ through to the far side. 1978 P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. xiii. 402 An electron is able to tunnel through even quite high potential barriers (for example, they can escape from the powerful forces inside nuclei, and emerge as β-rays). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1440v.1577
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tunneln.

Compounds

Derivatives

Draft additions 1993

Draft additions 1993

tunnelv.