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单词 brede
释义

† breden.1

Forms: Old English brǽde, bréde, Middle English brede; also Middle English brade, bread(e, 1500s Scottish breid.
Etymology: Old English brǽde , Anglian bréde, < Old Germanic *bræ̂d-an , brede v.1, to roast. A synonymous derivative of the same root was West Germanic brâdon- , Old High German brâto (German braten ) roast flesh, whence Romanic bradon , Old French braon , English brawn n.
Obsolete.
Roast meat. Obsolete (but cf. sweetbread n.1)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > roasted meat
bredea1000
roasteda1398
roasta1400
Easter lambc1400
hasterya1475
roast meat1528
roast beef1564
rib roast1627
rôti1771
rosbif1822
Sunday joint1844
buccan1862
sauerbraten1889
crown roast1901
schooner on the rocks1916
porchetta1929
sour beef1935
siu mei1960
nyama choma1980
a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 127 Assura, uel assatura, bræde.
a1250 Moral Ode in Trin. Coll. Hom. 224 Swines brade is wel swete.
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1630 Me mai mid me biȝete Wel gode brede to his mete.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15265 He nom his aȝe þeh..þer-of he makede brede [c1300 Otho breade].
c1300 K. Alis. 5249 Beef and motoun, Bredes, breddes, and venysoun.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 1049 Þare ware rostez fulle ruyde, and rewfulle bredez.
c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 491 Þay..Gaue Kay þe venesun to lede..Bothe þe birde and þe brede To Carlele þay bringe.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 87 Gif ony beist..war slane, Ilk craftisman thairof to haif ane breid.]
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† breden.2

Forms: early Old English brędu (Mercian), Old English braedu (Anglian), Old English brædo, Old English brædu, late Old English bredo (Kentish), early Middle English bræde, Middle English–1500s bred, Middle English breide, Middle English–1500s breede, Middle English–1600s breade, Middle English–1600s brede, Middle English–1600s breed, 1500s breyde, 1600s braid, 1800s breed (Welsh English (Pembrokeshire)); English regional (chiefly northern and north midlands) 1800s bread, 1800s breead, 1800s–1900s brede, 1800s breed, 1800s breede, 1800s brade; Scottish pre-1700 1700s–1900s breid, pre-1700 brede, pre-1700 1700s bred, pre-1700 breyd, pre-1700 1800s breed, pre-1700 bread, 1700s bried, pre-1700 1700s–1800s braid.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian brēde , Middle Dutch brēde , Middle Low German brēide , Old High German breitī , (in compounds) -breita (Middle High German breite , German Breite ), Gothic braidei < the Germanic base of broad adj.; compare handbreed n. and the Germanic parallels discussed at that entry. Compare also (from the same Germanic base with suffixation: compare -th suffix1) Old Icelandic breidd, Old Swedish bred (Swedish bredd), Old Danish bredhe (Danish bredde, bred), all in the sense ‘breadth’, and also (in different sense) Old High German (rare) breitida presumption.Occasionally difficult to distinguish from northern forms of broad n.1 in regional English and Scots (compare discussion at handbreed n.). The word apparently survives later as the second element of footbreed n., but even in Scots and regional English has been superseded by forms of breadth n., of which it has perhaps sometimes been interpreted as a variant. Phrases. With on brede at Phrases 1 compare later abreid adv. and see discussion of phrases with reduced first element at that entry. Place names. With use with reference to pieces of land (see sense 1c) compare Middle English use as the second element in field names, such as Smalebrede , Surrey (1208), Stanebrede , Cumberland (c1220). Compare also the settlement name Weibreda , Suffolk (1187; earlier as Weibrada (1086), which could alternatively reflect broad n.1; now Weybread).
Obsolete (Scottish and English regional (northern) in later use).
1.
a. Breadth, width; diameter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > breadth or width > [noun]
bredeeOE
widenessOE
wideOE
latitude1398
broada1400
broadnessa1425
largeness?a1425
breadth1459
width1570
largitude1590
cross1630
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) v. xviii. 424 Bicuomon wit to sumere dene, sio wæs micelre brædo & deopnese & ungeaendadre længe [L. multae latitudinis ac profunditatis, infinitae autem longitudinis].
OE Homily: Apocalypse of Thomas (Corpus Cambr. 41) in R. Willard Two Apocrypha in Old Eng. Homilies (1935) 5 Þær is fyren flod irnende.., and ðæs flodes brædo is xii ðusenda fæðma.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10976 He is imeten a bræde [c1300 Otho in brede] fif & twenti foten.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 45 (MED) Tholomeus seiþ þat þe roundenesse of a cercle aboute conteyneþ þre so moche as þe brede so þat þe proporcioun of þe roundenesse aboute of a cercle is to þe brede as is þe proporcioun of two and twenty to seuene.
a1450 (a1400) Ten Commandments (Bodl.) in T. Arnold Sel. Eng. Wks. J. Wyclif (1871) III. 89 He sauȝ a book fleynge in þe eire, þat was of twenti cubitis longe and ten of breede.
a1595 in W. F. Skene Celtic Scotl. (1880) III. 430 The Ile of Wist..is of small breid.
1691 in G. I. Murray Rec. Falkirk Parish (1888) II. 30 Because of the large bounds of breed and length.
1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. 68 T' brede o' t' road.
1892 M. C. F. Morris Yorks. Folk-talk 283 T' brede o' t' beck.
b. With of or genitive. A distance equal or comparable to the breadth of something specified, such as a finger, hair, or hand. In later use only in hair's brede. Cf. breadth n. 1b, width n. 1b.See also hair-brede n., handbreed n., straw brede n., etc.In quot. eOE in comparison to the distance a thing may be thrown (with a sling).
ΚΠ
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Otho) iv. xvii. 304 Is sio stow æghwonan mid sæ ymbseald butan westan; ðonan hit hafað ingang, swa micelre brædo swa mon mæge mid liðeran geweorpan [L. unde habet ingressum amplitudinis quasi iactus fundae].
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 7229 Þre [read þe] brede of þre londes.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 303 (MED) Þou muste binde his arme þe brede of foure fyngris aboue þe place.
c1475 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 21 (MED) Him lakket no more to be slayne, Butte the brede of hore.
?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Civ Fro whiche cometh a corde that thre fyngre brede fro the elbow enlargeth and compriseth all the elbow.
1555 J. Heywood Two Hundred Epigrammes with Thyrde sig. B.ivv Not the breede [1577 breade] of one heare.
1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xliii I winna flench a hair's breid for nedder man nor 'oman.
1910 J. Prior Fortuna Chance 130 Yo wain't ha' noticed, but my legs are just a tinety bit tother side o' knock-kneed; hardly a hair's brede, but the wenches allus hae summat to say again iv'rybody.
c. A piece of land having a particular breadth; spec. a division of an acre measuring one pole by four (5½ by 22 yards, or approx. 5 by 20 metres); (more generally) a piece of land of unspecified area. rare.See also acre-brede n. at acre n. Compounds 1, furbrede n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > a strip of specific measurements
rod1449
yoking1533
brede1677
1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 262 Dividing them..into Acres and Braids (or bredths), every Acre containing forty braids, a braid being one pole long and four broad.
1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 25 When sportsmen are shooting in a wood a number of men called beaters form a line and beat or drive the game before them. Each breadth or portion of ground beaten is called a brede.
2. figurative. Largeness of scope, extent, or reach (of love, charity, etc.).
ΚΠ
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 82 Schealt þu foleȝen geat on felt, þet beoð flesches lustes, feld is willes brede.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 105 Þet uerste word ous sseweþ þe langnesse of his eurebleuinge; þet oþer, þe brede of his charite.
1415 T. Hoccleve Addr. to Sir John Oldcastle l. 70 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 10 The welle of mercy renneth al in brede.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) iv. 1 (MED) Thou made brade til me my hert..thou hast broght me in til brede of gastly ioy..this brede of hert, charite, makis and puttis away straitnes.
3. A piece of cloth produced in strips or sheets, having a particular measurement from side to side; a specified or standard width of a fabric. Cf. breadth n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [noun] > piece of > of specific size > of full breadth
brede1480
breadth1534
width1766
1480 Wardrobe Accts. Edward IV in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 122 For making and wasshing of xiiij pair of shets everiche of iij breds.
1569 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. (1889) 23 302 Two Pair of fustiane Blanketts Containing three breeds.
1578 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 211 Of claith of silver for tapestrie..contening threttie lang breiddis sevin schort breidis [etc.].
a1843 J. Stewart Sketches Sc. Char. (1857) 22 She has a gown aught breeds aroun'.
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 20 Breeds, breadths of cloth.
1906 ‘L. Keith’ Silk Gown iv, in Sunday at Home Sept. 886/2 The mistress's bonnie breids o' silk she was haining for her ain lass-bairn.

Phrases

P1. in (also on, upon) brede: widely; extensively; so as to extend over a wide or large area; far and wide. Cf. abreid adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > distance or farness > [adverb] > far and wide
in (also on, upon) bredeeOE
sideOE
wide-wherelOE
largea1398
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) cxviii. 45 Et ambulabam in latitudine quia mandata tua exquisiui : & gongu in bręde [lOE Canterbury Psalter on bredo] for ðon bibodu ðin ic sohte.
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) cxviii. 45 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 252 I yhode in brede.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. i. 1 Make we heuen and erth on brede.
a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCviii v In brede it extended the armes.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 48 The hore of hir hed..Bost out vppon brede bright on to loke.
1581 R. Sempill Complaint vpon Fortoun (single sheet) Xerxes quhose armeis maid the riueris dry, and Schippis subumbragit all the seyis on breid.
P2. in (also on) length and brede and variants (also a length and a brede): everywhere; far and wide; all over. Hence also: to the full extent; in every respect.
ΚΠ
OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xiii. 17 Aris nu & far geond þis land on lencge & bræde [L. in longitudine et in latitudine sua].
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 45 Carite sprat his bowes on bræde and on lengðe swiðe ferr.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. iii. l. 196 (MED) He hedde beo lord of þat lond, in lenkþe and in brede [c1400 Laud 581 a lengthe and a brede].
c1425 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Harl.) 385 Þat folc of Ssropssyre..robbede Wurcestre ssyre in lengþe & in brede.
a1500 (?a1325) Otuel & Roland (1935) l. 1166 (MED) So god þe spede..Thou hast y-slaw, in length and Brede, an C knyȝtes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

breden.3

/briːd/
Forms: Also 1600s breade, bred, 1700s breed, bread.
Etymology: A variant of braid n., in 16–17th cent. bread(e ; used archaically by modern poets. Compare brede v.3
archaic.
1. Anything plaited, entwined, or interwoven; a plait; interweaving, braiding, embroidery; = braid n. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing
broidery1382
browdingc1386
broideringa1450
broudur1470
bruserya1522
prickinga1527
orphany?1553
embroidery?1577
brede1644
braiding1831
stitch-work1848
Madras work1865
Madeira lace1882
Madeira work1882
paraffle1911
the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > [noun] > plaiting > that which is plaited
plaita1398
pleta1425
tressa1492
braid1530
pleat?1606
plat1609
brede1644
two-plait1882
1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 14 His silk'n breades untwine, and slip their knots.
1689 London Gaz. No. 2444/4 He had on..a blew Rateen Wastcoat with Silver Brede.
1697 J. Addison Ess. Georgics in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. ¶4 A Curious Brede of Needle-Work.
1820 J. Keats Lamia i, in Lamia & Other Poems 12 Spoilt all her silver mail, and golden brede.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vi. 127 In glowing gauze and golden brede.
1861 J. R. Lowell Washers of Shroud iv The ancient Three..Still crooning, as they weave their endless brede.
2. A twist or plait of hair: see braid n. 4b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > tresses or plaits
tracec1380
plight?1387
tressa1400
plexc1450
braid1530
tuck1532
buoy-rope1546
trammels1589
entrammelling1598
border1601
point1604
pleat?1606
trammelets1654
maze1657
brede1696
queue1724
pigtail?1725
tie1725
cue1731
tuck-up1749
tutulus1753
club1786
tail1799
French twist1850
Grecian plait1851
French plait1871
horse's tail1873
Gretchen braid, plait1890
shimada1910
ponytail1916
French braid1937
cane row1939
dreadlocks1960
French pleat1964
Tom Jones1964
corn row1971
dread1984
club-pigtail-
1696 B. Kennett Rom. Antiq. (1713) ii. iv. 253 They made use of a twist or brede of hair.
a1721 M. Prior Henry & Emma 426 Thy comely tresses..In graceful breeds, with various ribbon bound.
1740 W. Somervile Hobbinol in Poems (1749) iii. 163 Her plaited Hair behind her in a Brede Hung careless.
3. Applied by the poets to things that show or suggest interweaving of colours, or embroidery, esp. to the prismatic colouring of the rainbow. But used by some modern writers in sense of ‘colouring, dye’, apparently from misunderstanding their predecessors.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > variegation > [noun] > mixed colour or medley of colours
motley1440
medley1553
particolour1619
brede1708
pepper-and-salt1826
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun]
dyec1000
colour1335
venomc1374
tincturec1400
colouringa1475
fucus1676
colouring matter1689
colourant1800
colourizer1866
brede1867
1708 J. Philips Cyder ii. 67 The show'ry Arch, With lifted Colours gay..Delights, and puzles the Beholders Eye, That views the watry Brede.
1744 M. Akenside Pleasures Imagination ii. 118 Thro' the brede Of colours changing from the splendid rose To the pale violet's dejected hue.
1867 J. Ingelow Story of Doom i. 21 The almug, and the gophir shot their heads Into the crimson brede that dyed the world.
1869 J. R. Lowell Seaweed iv The same wave that rims the Carib shore With momentary brede of pearl and gold.

Compounds

brede-stitch n. (improp. bred-stitch, bread-stitch)
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > stitch > other
chain-stitch1598
French knot1623
picot1623
petty-point1632
tent-stitch1639
brede-stitch1640
herringbone stitch1659
satin stitch1664
feather-stitch1835
Gobelin stitch1838
crowfoot1839
seedingc1840
German stitch1842
petit point1842
long stitch1849
looped stitch1851
hem-stitch1853
loop-stitch1853
faggot stitch1854
spider-wheel1868
dot stitch1869
picot stitch1869
slip-stitch1872
coral-stitch1873
stem stitch1873
rope stitch1875
Vienna cross stitch1876
witch stitch1876
pin stitch1878
seed stitch1879
cushion-stitch1880
Japanese stitch1880
darning-stitch1881
Kensington stitch1881
knot-stitch1881
bullion knot1882
cable pattern1882
Italian stitch1882
lattice-stitch1882
queen stitch1882
rice stitch1882
shadow-stitch1882
ship-ladder1882
spider-stitch1882
stem1882
Vandyke stitch1882
warp-stitch1882
wheel-stitch1882
basket-stitch1883
outline stitch1885
pointing1888
bullion stitchc1890
cable-stitchc1890
oriental stitchc1890
Turkish stitchc1890
Romanian stitch1894
shell-stitch1895
saddle stitch1899
magic stitch1900
plumage-stitch1900
saddle stitching1902
German knot stitch1903
trellis1912
padding stitch1913
straight stitch1918
Hungarian stitch1921
trellis stitch1921
lazy daisy1923
diamond stitchc1926
darning1930
faggot filling stitch1934
fly stitch1934
magic chain stitch1934
glove stitch1964
pad stitch1964
1640 J. Taylor Praise of Needle (ed. 12) Pref. Chain-Stitch, Brane Bred-stitch, Fishes-stitch, Irish-stitch, Queen-stitch.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xi. 107 They understand their needle, breadstitch..and all manner of plainwork.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† bredeadj.

Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: brede v.2
Etymology: Probably < the past participle of brede v.2 (compare β. forms of the past participle at that entry).An alternative (and less likely) suggestion interprets the word as a variant of broad adj. (compare the Middle English comparative form bredder at that entry).
Obsolete.
Outspread; extended.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > [adjective] > spread out
openc1350
expanded?a1475
spread?c1510
splayeda1547
bredea1550
extended1552
spreaded1567
displayed1578
well-spread1600
outspreada1618
spreaden1620
expansed1628
extent1633
spread-out1644
explicate1661
expatiated1681
patulous1682
expatiate1702
sheeted1797
a-spread1879
a1550 (?a1475) Battle of Otterburn (1959) l. 91 He durst not loke on my brede banner for all ynglonde so haylle.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020).

† bredev.1

Forms: Old English brǽdan, brédan, Middle English brede(n. past tense Old English brǽdde, brédde, Middle English bradde, Middle English bredde. past participle Old English brǽded, brǽdd, Middle English brad, Middle English bred(d.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English brǽdan (Anglian brédan ) = Old Frisian brêda , Middle Dutch brâden (Dutch braden ) strong verb, Old High German brâtan (Middle High German brâten , modern German braten ), strong verb ‘to roast’. Old Germanic *bræ̂d-an was apparently a derivative (Aryan type bhrē-dh- ) of the verb root *bræ̂- , *brê- (Aryan *bhrē- ) to burn, heat, warm: see breath n., brood n. No traces of the strong inflections are found in Old English, and the verb passed entirely out of use c1500. See also brede n.1
Obsolete.
transitive. To roast, broil, toast.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > roast
bredea1000
roastc1300
rothelc1400
a1000 Colloq. Monast. 29 (Bosw.) We magon brædan ða þing ðe to brædenne synd.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 53 He bindeð vppon þa [mousetrap] swike chese and bret hine for þon þet he scolde swote smelle.
a1225 Juliana 170 In led we scholle hire brede.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12969 His flæsce he gon breden [c1300 Otho breade].
c1325 Coer de L. 1492 Makes our mete Whether ȝe wole sethe or brede.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 9305 Man and hous thai brent and bredden.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6081 It sal noght siþen be bot bred, þis lamb.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 891 Summe [fishes] brad on þe gledeȝ.
1509 Parlyament Deuylles (de Worde) xii I wyll..in hell his soule brede.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† bredev.2

Forms: early Old English braedan (Mercian, in prefixed forms), Old English bræd (3rd singular indicative), Old English brædan, Old English bræt (3rd singular indicative, in prefixed forms), Old English brætt (3rd singular indicative, in prefixed forms), Old English bredan, early Middle English bræde (in prefixed forms), early Middle English breddad (plural, perhaps transmission error), Middle English–1600s brede, late Middle English (in a late copy) 1500s–1600s breade; English regional (northern) 1600s–1700s breade, 1700s bryed, 1800s brad, 1800s brade, 1800s braid, 1800s bread, 1800s brede, 1800s breead, 1800s breed, 1800s breeod, 1800s breid. Past tense early Old English braedde (Mercian, in prefixed forms), Old English bræde (Northumbrian), Old English brede (Northumbrian), Old English brędde (in prefixed forms), Old English–early Middle English brædde, Old English (in prefixed forms)–Middle English bredde, late Old English briede (Kentish, in prefixed forms), Middle English brad, Middle English bradde, Middle English bredede, Middle English bret (in late copy), Middle English–1600s bred, late Middle English brede; English regional (northern) 1800s brad. Past participle

α. early Old English gebraeded (Mercian), early Old English gebreded (Mercian), Old English bræded (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Old English brædyd (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Old English gebræded, Old English gibræded (Northumbrian), Middle English bredid; English regional (northern) 1800s braded.

β. early Old English gebrędd- (Mercian, inflected form), Old English bræd (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Old English brædd (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Old English bredd- (inflected form, in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Old English gebrædd- (inflected form), late Old English gebred, late Old English gebredd- (inflected form), early Middle English bræd, Middle English brad, Middle English brade, Middle English bred; English regional (northern) 1800s brad.

γ. late Old English gebreden, Middle English brawden.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian brēda , Middle Dutch breiden , brēden (Dutch breiden ), Old Saxon brēdian (Middle Low German brēiden ), Old High German breiten (Middle High German breiten , German breiten ), Old Icelandic breiða , Old Swedish breþa (Swedish breda ), Old Danish brede (Danish brede ), Gothic -braidjan (in usbraidjan to spread out), all in the sense ‘to spread out, to spread, to extend’ (transitive; in the older West Germanic languages also intransitive), and further (with different stem class) Old High German breitēn to be or become broad < the Germanic base of broad adj.In Old English a weak verb of Class I; compare (with different stem class, hence without i-mutation of the stem vowel) Old English brādian broad v. (some modern regional forms in a , if not simply reverse spellings representing the stem vowel /eː/, could alternatively show the reflex of northern Middle English brāde broad v.). Middle English past tense and past participle forms in -a- (e.g. brad, bradde; brad) reflect the Old English syncopated forms brǣdde , (ge)brǣdd , with regular shortening of the stem vowel. (In some modern regional varieties the shortened form brad has also been levelled to the present stem.) In Old English and Middle English forms apparently also influenced by forms of braid v.1 (compare especially the strong γ. forms of the past participle). Prefixed forms. In Old English the prefixed form gebrǣdan to spread, extend, stretch out, enlarge, is also attested (Middle English (past tense) ibrad ; compare y- prefix). Compare also abrǣdan abrede v., bebrǣdan to overspread, cover (compare be- prefix), geondbrǣdan to cover, to enlarge (compare yond prep.), forebrǣdan to extend (compare fore- prefix), oferbrǣdan overbrede v., onbrǣdan , an element-by-element gloss of Latin imponere (compare on- prefix), tōbrǣdan to-brede v., and underbrǣdan to spread under (compare under- prefix1).
Obsolete (English regional (northern) in later use).
1. transitive. To spread (something) out; to extend; to spread about. Also: to set out (a board or boards for a table).In quot. c1400 with person as object, with reference to the crucifixion of Christ.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > spread (something) out or open
abredeeOE
bredeOE
stretcha1000
to-spreada1000
openOE
spreadc1175
displayc1320
to let outc1380
to open outc1384
outspreada1400
spald?a1400
splayc1402
expand?a1475
to lay along1483
speld?a1500
skail1513
to set abroad1526
to lay abroad1530
flarec1550
bespread1557
to set out1573
dispread1590
explaina1600
expanse1600
dispack1605
splat1615
dispand1656
extend1676
flat1709
spelder1710
spreadeagle1829
OE Wanderer 47 Gesihð him biforan fealwe wegas, baþian brimfuglas, brædan feþra.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9243 Bordes heo brædden [c1300 Otho leiden] al þat folc æt & dronc.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 814 For vus he lette hym..brede vpon a bostwys bem.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xi. l. 101 Let brede hem [sc. olives], lest they hete and be the wers.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 8 Burdis were bred in the brade halle.
c1650 (c1515) Sc. Field (Percy) 24 in J. W. Hales & F. J. Furnivall Bp. Percy's Folio MS (1867) I. 213 On this side Bosworth in a bancke the bred forth their standards.
1802 J. Wilson Let. to J. Boucher (MS) Bread or brede Manure, i.e. to fling it about and spread it on the Land, is a very common Expression here; and also the Participle, as, They have brad it.
?1857 J. Scholes Tim Gamwattle's Jawnt 21 A noice clen cloth wur brad uppoth table.
2. intransitive. To spread; to extend. Frequently with prepositional phrase or adverb indicating direction.In some uses in Middle English in form brede not always clearly distinguishable from breed v. 11c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)]
bredeOE
comeOE
ylasta1175
drawc1180
areachc1225
lastc1275
tillc1290
durea1300
reachc1330
spreada1400
halec1400
reignc1400
splatec1440
extend1481
endure1523
span1535
discoursea1547
wina1578
distend1581
intend1594
sweep1789
outlie1876
the world > space > extension in space > spreading or diffusion > [verb (intransitive)]
bredeOE
bespreadc1275
skaila1300
springc1390
shaila1400
spread1560
disperse1605
diffuse1655
OE Maxims I 159 Treo sceolon brædan ond treow weaxan.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1928 He were a bleaunt of blwe þat bradde to þe erþe.
a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 3233 Þoruȝ þe heorte brede [c1400 Laud carf] þe steil.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 135 The bavme þurghe his brayn all on brod ran..Bret thurgh the bones and the big senowis Euer folowand the fell.
c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 16 Thence yt [sc. East Meath] breadeth to the Kinges county and the countie of Kildare.
1897 D. Lawton in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1898) I. 388/1 [West Yorkshire] lt's soa thin it breeods eawt a greyt way.
3. transitive. To cover (a person or thing); to overspread with.In quot. OE translating Latin stratus in an explanation of the Hebrew place name Gabbatha as meaning ‘overspread or paved with stone’. This example could alternatively be interpreted as showing the past participle of the Old English prefixed verb gebrǣdan.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > form or act as covering for
bredeOE
thatchc1000
wryOE
umhilla1340
coverc1340
curea1400
overmantle1591
obduct1623
overface1632
obduce1657
cap1735
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > spread or draw over (a thing) as covering for > bespread or cover with
wryc950
bredeOE
bridgeOE
bespreadc1275
couchc1330
spreadc1330
cover1382
overspreadc1385
overlaya1400
overcast1440
to draw overc1450
ramplish1494
to lay over1535
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: John xix.13 In locum qui dicitur Lithostrotus hebraice autem Gabbatha : in þæt styd..seðe is gecuoeden id est lapide stratus on ebrisc uel ebresclice ðonne mið stane gebræded.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 4912 (MED) A blewe bleaunt o-bofe brad him al ouire.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 20v And whiles þese renkes þus restyn rises þe sun Bredis with his beames all þe brode vales.
4. transitive. To make (something) broader; to broaden.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)]
broada1250
room?1316
enlargec1380
largea1382
magnifya1382
alargec1384
spreada1387
amplify1432
brede1440
expanse1477
ampliatea1513
dilate1528
propagate1548
widen1566
explicate1578
expatiate1603
diduce1605
engross?1611
dilatate1613
biggen1643
promote1652
intend1658
expand1665
to run out1683
amplificate1731
broaden1744
outstretcha1758
largen1869
big1884
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > breadth or width > make broad or wide [verb (transitive)]
wideOE
brede1440
widen1566
broaden1861
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 49 Bredyn, or make more brode, dilato.
1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 8 Breade, to make broad, to spread.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† bredev.3

Forms: In 1500s–1600s bread.
Etymology: A variant of braid v.1: compare brede n.3
Obsolete.
transitive. To intertwine, plait, wreathe, twist; = braid v.1 11.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > intertwine or interweave [verb (transitive)]
wind971
braidc1000
writheOE
biwevec1300
enlacec1374
winda1387
tracec1400
bredec1440
knit1470
embraid1481
interlace1523
entrail?1530
wreathea1547
beknit1565
twist1565
wand1572
embroid1573
mat1577
complect1578
intertex1578
inweave1578
lace1579
plight1589
entwine1597
bewreath1598
interweave1598
implicate1610
twine1612
complicatea1631
implex1635
intertwine1641
plash1653
enwreathe1667
raddle1671
intertwist1797
pleach1830
impleach1865
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 49 Bredynge of lacys or oþer lyke, laqueacio, nectio, connectio.
?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) iii. l. 1891 in Shorter Poems (1967) 118 The durris and the wyndois all wer breddyt [1579 Edinb. breddit]. With massy gold.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ii. sig. Dd5v Taking thrise three heares from of her head, Then trebly breaded in a threefold lace.
1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica iii. iii. 475 They are Plaited and Breaded in the same Twine.
1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur ix. 254 He slash'd his breaded Whip.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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n.1a1000n.2eOEn.31640adj.a1550v.1a1000v.2OEv.3c1440
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